drugset / Trial / NCT00145925
Blood Pressure and Glucose Lowering for the Prevention of Vascular Disease in High Risk Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Phase 3
Completed
11140 enrolled
The George Institute
Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier · collabNational Health and Medical Research Council, Australia · collabUniversity of Sydney · collab
RandomizedFactorialDouble-blindPrevention
Summary
The purpose of this study is to provide information on the risks and benefits of routine blood pressure lowering (regardless of blood pressure level), and intensive lowering of blood glucose levels, in patients with Type 2 diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular events. The major outcomes of the study will be cardiovascular events (heart attack, stroke or dying as a result of cardiovascular disease), as well as new or worsening diabetic eye and kidney disease.
Timeline
- Start
- 2001-06
- Primary completion
- 2008-03
- Completion
- 2008-03
Publications
- Background Rationale and design of the ADVANCE study: a randomised trial of blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control in high-risk individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: PreterAx and DiamicroN Modified-Release Controlled Evaluation. J Hypertens Suppl. 2001 Nov;19(4):S21-8.
- Background ADVANCE Collaborative Group. ADVANCE--Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: patient recruitment and characteristics of the study population at baseline. Diabet Med. 2005 Jul;22(7):882-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01596.x.
- Background ADVANCE Management Committee. Study rationale and design of ADVANCE: action in diabetes and vascular disease--preterax and diamicron MR controlled evaluation. Diabetologia. 2001 Sep;44(9):1118-20. doi: 10.1007/s001250100612.
- Bompoint S, Billot L, Patel A, Woodward M, Harris K, Harrap S, Mancia G, Poulter N, Chalmers J. Effect of intensive blood pressure and blood glucose control on cardiovascular outcomes driven by reductions in cardiovascular death and nephropathy: win ratio analysis of ADVANCE trial. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2026 Jul 14;12(4):258-268. doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvag026.
- Shajahan S, Woodward M, Anderson CS, Carcel C, Wang N, Tully PJ, Peters R, Harrap S, Poulter N, Mancia G, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Harris K. Blood Pressure Parameters and Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the ADVANCE Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2026 Apr 7;15(7):e044061. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.125.044061. Epub 2026 Mar 31.
- Wang R, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Chen L, Chen X, Peters R, Anderson CS, Marre M, Harrap S, Hamet P, Mancia G, Woodward M, Chalmers J, Harris K. Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate and Risk of Vascular Events and Death in Type 2 Diabetes in the ADVANCE Study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2026 May;28(5):4176-4184. doi: 10.1111/dom.70608. Epub 2026 Mar 9.
- Harris K, Gong J, MacMahon S, Xu Y, Shajahan S, Harrap S, Poulter N, Marre M, Hamet P, Mancia G, Anderson C, Woodward M, Chalmers J. Effect of randomised blood pressure lowering treatment and intensive glucose control on dementia and cognitive decline according to baseline cognitive function and other subpopulations of individuals with type 2 diabetes: Results from the ADVANCE trial. Cereb Circ Cogn Behav. 2024 Dec 5;8:100372. doi: 10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100372. eCollection 2025.
- Wang N, Harris K, Woodward M, Harrap S, Mancia G, Poulter N, Chalmers J, Rodgers A; PROGRESS and ADVANCE collaborators. Clinical Utility of Short-Term Blood Pressure Measures to Inform Long-Term Blood Pressure Management. Hypertension. 2023 Mar;80(3):608-617. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20458. Epub 2022 Dec 5.
- Ohkuma T, Harris K, Cooper M, Grobbee DE, Hamet P, Harrap S, Mancia G, Marre M, Patel A, Rodgers A, Williams B, Woodward M, Chalmers J; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Short-Term Changes in Serum Potassium and the Risk of Subsequent Vascular Events and Mortality: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial of ACE Inhibitors. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 Aug;17(8):1139-1149. doi: 10.2215/CJN.00180122. Epub 2022 Jul 27.
- Juraschek SP, Wang D, McEvoy JW, Harrap S, Harris K, Mancia G, Marre M, Neal B, Patel A, Poulter NR, Williams B, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Selvin E. Effects of glucose and blood pressure reduction on subclinical cardiac damage: Results from ADVANCE. Int J Cardiol. 2022 Jul 1;358:103-109. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.04.044. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
- Harris K, Muntner P, Woodward M, Jun M, Oshima M, Gong J, Harrap S, Menard J, Chalmers J. Clinical outcomes by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score and blood pressure level in high risk individuals with type 2 diabetes. J Hum Hypertens. 2023 Mar;37(3):181-188. doi: 10.1038/s41371-022-00661-5. Epub 2022 Feb 19.
- Nguyen TN, Harris K, Woodward M, Chalmers J, Cooper M, Hamet P, Harrap S, Heller S, MacMahon S, Mancia G, Marre M, Poulter N, Rogers A, Williams B, Zoungas S, Chow CK, Lindley RI. The Impact of Frailty on the Effectiveness and Safety of Intensive Glucose Control and Blood Pressure-Lowering Therapy for People With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the ADVANCE Trial. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jul;44(7):1622-1629. doi: 10.2337/dc20-2664. Epub 2021 May 25.
- Wang N, Harris K, Chalmers J, Harrap S, Mancia G, Marre M, Poulter N, Tzourio C, Williams B, Zoungas S, Woodward M, Rodgers A. Combination blood pressure lowering in the presence or absence of background statin and aspirin therapy: a combined analysis of PROGRESS and ADVANCE Trials. J Hypertens. 2021 Aug 1;39(8):1689-1696. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002862.
- Gong J, Harris K, Hackett M, Peters SAE, Brodaty H, Cooper M, Hamet P, Harrap S, Mancia G, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Woodward M. Sex differences in risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia, including death as a competing risk, in individuals with diabetes: Results from the ADVANCE trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021 Aug;23(8):1775-1785. doi: 10.1111/dom.14391. Epub 2021 May 4.
- Tham YK, Jayawardana KS, Alshehry ZH, Giles C, Huynh K, Smith AAT, Ooi JYY, Zoungas S, Hillis GS, Chalmers J, Meikle PJ, McMullen JR. Novel Lipid Species for Detecting and Predicting Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2021 Jan;70(1):255-261. doi: 10.2337/db20-0653. Epub 2020 Oct 28.
- Harris K, Oshima M, Sattar N, Wurtz P, Jun M, Welsh P, Hamet P, Harrap S, Poulter N, Chalmers J, Woodward M. Plasma fatty acids and the risk of vascular disease and mortality outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes: results from the ADVANCE study. Diabetologia. 2020 Aug;63(8):1637-1647. doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05162-z. Epub 2020 May 8.
- Tian J, Ohkuma T, Cooper M, Harrap S, Mancia G, Poulter N, Wang JG, Zoungas S, Woodward M, Chalmers J. Effects of Intensive Glycemic Control on Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Different Levels of Cardiovascular Risk and Hemoglobin A1c in the ADVANCE Trial. Diabetes Care. 2020 Jun;43(6):1293-1299. doi: 10.2337/dc19-1817. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
- Oshima M, Jun M, Ohkuma T, Toyama T, Wada T, Cooper ME, Hadjadj S, Hamet P, Harrap S, Mancia G, Marre M, Williams B, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Perkovic V; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. The relationship between eGFR slope and subsequent risk of vascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes: the ADVANCE-ON study. Diabetologia. 2019 Nov;62(11):1988-1997. doi: 10.1007/s00125-019-4948-4. Epub 2019 Jul 13.
- Ohkuma T, Jun M, Rodgers A, Cooper ME, Glasziou P, Hamet P, Harrap S, Mancia G, Marre M, Neal B, Perkovic V, Poulter N, Williams B, Zoungas S, Chalmers J, Woodward M; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Acute Increases in Serum Creatinine After Starting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Based Therapy and Effects of its Continuation on Major Clinical Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Hypertension. 2019 Jan;73(1):84-91. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.12060.
- Thomas MC, Woodward M, Li Q, Pickering R, Tikellis C, Poulter N, Cooper ME, Marre M, Zoungas S, Chalmers J; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Relationship Between Plasma 8-OH-Deoxyguanosine and Cardiovascular Disease and Survival in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results From the ADVANCE Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Jun 30;7(13):e008226. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.008226.
- Welsh P, Rankin N, Li Q, Mark PB, Wurtz P, Ala-Korpela M, Marre M, Poulter N, Hamet P, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Sattar N. Circulating amino acids and the risk of macrovascular, microvascular and mortality outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes: results from the ADVANCE trial. Diabetologia. 2018 Jul;61(7):1581-1591. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4619-x. Epub 2018 May 4.
- Alshehry ZH, Mundra PA, Barlow CK, Mellett NA, Wong G, McConville MJ, Simes J, Tonkin AM, Sullivan DR, Barnes EH, Nestel PJ, Kingwell BA, Marre M, Neal B, Poulter NR, Rodgers A, Williams B, Zoungas S, Hillis GS, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Meikle PJ. Plasma Lipidomic Profiles Improve on Traditional Risk Factors for the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation. 2016 Nov 22;134(21):1637-1650. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023233. Epub 2016 Oct 18.
- Mohammedi K, Woodward M, Zoungas S, Li Q, Harrap S, Patel A, Marre M, Chalmers J; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Absence of Peripheral Pulses and Risk of Major Vascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2016 Dec;39(12):2270-2277. doi: 10.2337/dc16-1594. Epub 2016 Sep 27.
- van der Leeuw J, Visseren FL, Woodward M, van der Graaf Y, Grobbee DE, Harrap S, Heller S, Mancia G, Marre M, Poulter N, Zoungas S, Chalmers J. Estimation of individual beneficial and adverse effects of intensive glucose control for patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2016 Dec;59(12):2603-2612. doi: 10.1007/s00125-016-4082-5. Epub 2016 Sep 1.
- Mohammedi K, Woodward M, Hirakawa Y, Zoungas S, Williams B, Lisheng L, Rodgers A, Mancia G, Neal B, Harrap S, Marre M, Chalmers J; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Microvascular and Macrovascular Disease and Risk for Major Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2016 Oct;39(10):1796-803. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0588. Epub 2016 Jul 25.
- Hayes A, Arima H, Woodward M, Chalmers J, Poulter N, Hamet P, Clarke P. Changes in Quality of Life Associated with Complications of Diabetes: Results from the ADVANCE Study. Value Health. 2016 Jan;19(1):36-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2015.10.010. Epub 2015 Dec 2.
- Blomster JI, Woodward M, Zoungas S, Hillis GS, Harrap S, Neal B, Poulter N, Mancia G, Chalmers J, Huxley R. The harms of smoking and benefits of smoking cessation in women compared with men with type 2 diabetes: an observational analysis of the ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron modified release Controlled Evaluation) trial. BMJ Open. 2016 Jan 8;6(1):e009668. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009668.
- Thomas MC, Woodward M, Neal B, Li Q, Pickering R, Marre M, Williams B, Perkovic V, Cooper ME, Zoungas S, Chalmers J, Hillis GS; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Relationship between levels of advanced glycation end products and their soluble receptor and adverse outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015 Oct;38(10):1891-7. doi: 10.2337/dc15-0925. Epub 2015 Aug 7.
- van der Leeuw J, Visseren FL, Woodward M, Zoungas S, Kengne AP, van der Graaf Y, Glasziou P, Hamet P, MacMahon S, Poulter N, Grobbee DE, Chalmers J. Predicting the effects of blood pressure-lowering treatment on major cardiovascular events for individual patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation. Hypertension. 2015 Jan;65(1):115-21. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04421. Epub 2014 Oct 13.
- Welsh P, Woodward M, Hillis GS, Li Q, Marre M, Williams B, Poulter N, Ryan L, Harrap S, Patel A, Chalmers J, Sattar N. Do cardiac biomarkers NT-proBNP and hsTnT predict microvascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes? Results from the ADVANCE trial. Diabetes Care. 2014 Aug;37(8):2202-10. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2625. Epub 2014 May 30.
- Hirakawa Y, Arima H, Zoungas S, Ninomiya T, Cooper M, Hamet P, Mancia G, Poulter N, Harrap S, Woodward M, Chalmers J. Impact of visit-to-visit glycemic variability on the risks of macrovascular and microvascular events and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes: the ADVANCE trial. Diabetes Care. 2014 Aug;37(8):2359-65. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0199. Epub 2014 May 8.
- Lowe G, Woodward M, Hillis G, Rumley A, Li Q, Harrap S, Marre M, Hamet P, Patel A, Poulter N, Chalmers J. Circulating inflammatory markers and the risk of vascular complications and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease or risk factors: the ADVANCE study. Diabetes. 2014 Mar;63(3):1115-23. doi: 10.2337/db12-1625. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
- Hata J, Arima H, Rothwell PM, Woodward M, Zoungas S, Anderson C, Patel A, Neal B, Glasziou P, Hamet P, Mancia G, Poulter N, Williams B, Macmahon S, Chalmers J; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Effects of visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure on macrovascular and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the ADVANCE trial. Circulation. 2013 Sep 17;128(12):1325-34. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002717. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
- Blomster JI, Chow CK, Zoungas S, Woodward M, Patel A, Poulter NR, Marre M, Harrap S, Chalmers J, Hillis GS. The influence of physical activity on vascular complications and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013 Nov;15(11):1008-12. doi: 10.1111/dom.12122. Epub 2013 Jun 11.
- Zaman MJ, Patel A, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Clarke P, Li Q, Zoungas S. The effects of patient characteristics and geographical region on hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2013 Aug;30(8):918-25. doi: 10.1111/dme.12181. Epub 2013 Apr 12.
- Hata J, Arima H, Zoungas S, Fulcher G, Pollock C, Adams M, Watson J, Joshi R, Kengne AP, Ninomiya T, Anderson C, Woodward M, Patel A, Mancia G, Poulter N, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Effects of the endpoint adjudication process on the results of a randomised controlled trial: the ADVANCE trial. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55807. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055807. Epub 2013 Feb 4.
- Hillis GS, Hata J, Woodward M, Perkovic V, Arima H, Chow CK, Zoungas S, Patel A, Poulter NR, Mancia G, Williams B, Chalmers J. Resting heart rate and the risk of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Heart Assoc. 2012 Oct;1(5):e002832. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.002832. Epub 2012 Oct 25.
- Morton J, Zoungas S, Li Q, Patel AA, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Celermajer DS, Beulens JW, Stolk RP, Glasziou P, Ng MK; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Low HDL cholesterol and the risk of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy: results of the ADVANCE study. Diabetes Care. 2012 Nov;35(11):2201-6. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0306. Epub 2012 Aug 13.
- Wong G, Zoungas S, Lo S, Chalmers J, Cass A, Neal B, Woodward M, Perkovic V, Glasziou P, Williams B, Howard K, Chapman JR, Craig JC. The risk of cancer in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Aug;27(8):3337-44. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfs022. Epub 2012 Feb 21.
- Zoungas S, Chalmers J, Ninomiya T, Li Q, Cooper ME, Colagiuri S, Fulcher G, de Galan BE, Harrap S, Hamet P, Heller S, MacMahon S, Marre M, Poulter N, Travert F, Patel A, Neal B, Woodward M; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Association of HbA1c levels with vascular complications and death in patients with type 2 diabetes: evidence of glycaemic thresholds. Diabetologia. 2012 Mar;55(3):636-43. doi: 10.1007/s00125-011-2404-1. Epub 2011 Dec 21.
- Woodward M, Patel A, Zoungas S, Liu L, Pan C, Poulter N, Januszewicz A, Tandon N, Joshi P, Heller S, Neal B, Chalmers J. Does glycemic control offer similar benefits among patients with diabetes in different regions of the world? Results from the ADVANCE trial. Diabetes Care. 2011 Dec;34(12):2491-5. doi: 10.2337/dc11-0755. Epub 2011 Oct 4.
- Stefansdottir G, Zoungas S, Chalmers J, Kengne AP, Knol MJ, Leufkens HG, Patel A, Woodward M, Grobbee DE, De Bruin ML. Intensive glucose control and risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2011 Jul;54(7):1608-14. doi: 10.1007/s00125-011-2104-x. Epub 2011 Apr 21.
- Zoungas S, Patel A, Chalmers J, de Galan BE, Li Q, Billot L, Woodward M, Ninomiya T, Neal B, MacMahon S, Grobbee DE, Kengne AP, Marre M, Heller S; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Severe hypoglycemia and risks of vascular events and death. N Engl J Med. 2010 Oct 7;363(15):1410-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1003795.
- Glasziou PP, Clarke P, Alexander J, Rajmokan M, Beller E, Woodward M, Chalmers J, Poulter N, Patel A. Cost-effectiveness of lowering blood pressure with a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an ADVANCE trial-based analysis. Med J Aust. 2010 Sep 20;193(6):320-4. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03941.x.
- Ninomiya T, Zoungas S, Neal B, Woodward M, Patel A, Perkovic V, Cass A, Cooper M, Grobbee D, Hamet P, Harrap S, Liu L, Mancia G, Mogensen CE, Poulter N, Rodgers A, Williams B, MacMahon S, Chalmers J; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Efficacy and safety of routine blood pressure lowering in older patients with diabetes: results from the ADVANCE trial. J Hypertens. 2010 Jun;28(6):1141-9.
- Chalmers J, Arima H. Importance of blood pressure lowering in type 2 diabetes: focus on ADVANCE. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2010 Apr;55(4):340-7. doi: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181d26469.
- Meier M, Hummel M. Cardiovascular disease and intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: moving practice toward evidence-based strategies. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5:859-71. doi: 10.2147/vhrm.s4808. Epub 2009 Nov 2.
- de Galan BE, Zoungas S, Chalmers J, Anderson C, Dufouil C, Pillai A, Cooper M, Grobbee DE, Hackett M, Hamet P, Heller SR, Lisheng L, MacMahon S, Mancia G, Neal B, Pan CY, Patel A, Poulter N, Travert F, Woodward M; ADVANCE Collaborative group. Cognitive function and risks of cardiovascular disease and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial. Diabetologia. 2009 Nov;52(11):2328-2336. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1484-7. Epub 2009 Aug 18.
- Zoungas S, de Galan BE, Ninomiya T, Grobbee D, Hamet P, Heller S, MacMahon S, Marre M, Neal B, Patel A, Woodward M, Chalmers J; ADVANCE Collaborative Group; Cass A, Glasziou P, Harrap S, Lisheng L, Mancia G, Pillai A, Poulter N, Perkovic V, Travert F. Combined effects of routine blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: New results from the ADVANCE trial. Diabetes Care. 2009 Nov;32(11):2068-74. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0959. Epub 2009 Aug 3.
- Beulens JW, Patel A, Vingerling JR, Cruickshank JK, Hughes AD, Stanton A, Lu J, McG Thom SA, Grobbee DE, Stolk RP; AdRem project team; ADVANCE management committee. Effects of blood pressure lowering and intensive glucose control on the incidence and progression of retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2009 Oct;52(10):2027-36. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1457-x. Epub 2009 Jul 25.
- de Galan BE, Perkovic V, Ninomiya T, Pillai A, Patel A, Cass A, Neal B, Poulter N, Harrap S, Mogensen CE, Cooper M, Marre M, Williams B, Hamet P, Mancia G, Woodward M, Glasziou P, Grobbee DE, MacMahon S, Chalmers J; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Lowering blood pressure reduces renal events in type 2 diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Apr;20(4):883-92. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008070667. Epub 2009 Feb 18.
- ADVANCE Collaborative Group; Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Billot L, Woodward M, Marre M, Cooper M, Glasziou P, Grobbee D, Hamet P, Harrap S, Heller S, Liu L, Mancia G, Mogensen CE, Pan C, Poulter N, Rodgers A, Williams B, Bompoint S, de Galan BE, Joshi R, Travert F. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 12;358(24):2560-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802987. Epub 2008 Jun 6.
- Patel A; ADVANCE Collaborative Group; MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Woodward M, Billot L, Harrap S, Poulter N, Marre M, Cooper M, Glasziou P, Grobbee DE, Hamet P, Heller S, Liu LS, Mancia G, Mogensen CE, Pan CY, Rodgers A, Williams B. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007 Sep 8;370(9590):829-40. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61303-8.
Drugs
| Evaluation | Drug | Modality | Dose | Route |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Gliclazide | Small molecule | — | — |
| Comparator | Indapamide | Small molecule | 1.25 mg | — |
| Comparator | Perindopril | Small molecule | 4 mg | — |