Efficacy of Betaine for Reduction of Urine Oxalate in Patients With Type 1 Primary Hyperoxaluria

Summary

The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of betaine in reducing urine oxalate excretion of Type 1 Primary Hyperoxaluria (PHI) patients. Hypothesis: Betaine will effectively reduce urine oxalate excretion in Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I patients.

Timeline

Start

2007-02

Primary completion

2011-09

Completion

2011-09

Publications

• Background Abdelmalek MF, Angulo P, Jorgensen RA, Sylvestre PB, Lindor KD. Betaine, a promising new agent for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: results of a pilot study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Sep;96(9):2711-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04129.x.
• Background Adamzik M, Schmermund A, Reed JE, Adamzik S, Behrenbeck T, Sheedy PF 2nd. Comparison of two different software systems for electron-beam CT-derived quantification of coronary calcification. Invest Radiol. 1999 Dec;34(12):767-73. doi: 10.1097/00004424-199912000-00006.
• Background ARCHER HE, DORMER AE, SCOWEN EF, WATTS RW. Primary hyperoxaluria. Lancet. 1957 Aug 17;273(6990):320-2. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(57)92210-9. No abstract available.
• Background Barak AJ, Beckenhauer HC, Badakhsh S, Tuma DJ. The effect of betaine in reversing alcoholic steatosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997 Sep;21(6):1100-2.
• Background Bourot S, Sire O, Trautwetter A, Touze T, Wu LF, Blanco C, Bernard T. Glycine betaine-assisted protein folding in a lysA mutant of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 14;275(2):1050-6. doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.2.1050.
• Background Cochat P, Deloraine A, Rotily M, Olive F, Liponski I, Deries N. Epidemiology of primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Societe de Nephrologie and the Societe de Nephrologie Pediatrique. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1995;10 Suppl 8:3-7. doi: 10.1093/ndt/10.supp8.3.
• Background Danpure CJ and Rumsby G. Enzymology and molecular genetics of primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Consequences for clinical management. In: Calcium Oxalate in Biological Systems, edited by Khan SR. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1995, p. 189-205.
• Background Diamant S, Eliahu N, Rosenthal D, Goloubinoff P. Chemical chaperones regulate molecular chaperones in vitro and in cells under combined salt and heat stresses. J Biol Chem. 2001 Oct 26;276(43):39586-91. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M103081200. Epub 2001 Aug 21.
• Background Diamant S, Rosenthal D, Azem A, Eliahu N, Ben-Zvi AP, Goloubinoff P. Dicarboxylic amino acids and glycine-betaine regulate chaperone-mediated protein-disaggregation under stress. Mol Microbiol. 2003 Jul;49(2):401-10. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03553.x.
• Background Levine DZ, Nash LA, Chan T, Dubrovskis AH. Proximal bicarbonate reabsorption during Ringer and albumin infusions in the rat. J Clin Invest. 1976 Jun;57(6):1490-7. doi: 10.1172/JCI108419.
• Background Lumb MJ, Birdsey GM, Danpure CJ. Correction of an enzyme trafficking defect in hereditary kidney stone disease in vitro. Biochem J. 2003 Aug 15;374(Pt 1):79-87. doi: 10.1042/BJ20030371.
• Background Lumb MJ, Danpure CJ. Functional synergism between the most common polymorphism in human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and four of the most common disease-causing mutations. J Biol Chem. 2000 Nov 17;275(46):36415-22. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M006693200.
• Background Monico CG, Rossetti S, Olson JB, Milliner DS. Pyridoxine effect in type I primary hyperoxaluria is associated with the most common mutant allele. Kidney Int. 2005 May;67(5):1704-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00267.x.
• Background Purdue PE, Takada Y, Danpure CJ. Identification of mutations associated with peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. J Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;111(6 Pt 1):2341-51. doi: 10.1083/jcb.111.6.2341.
• Background Rantanen I, Nicander I, Jutila K, Ollmar S, Tenovuo J, Soderling E. Betaine reduces the irritating effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on human oral mucosa in vivo. Acta Odontol Scand. 2002 Oct;60(5):306-10. doi: 10.1080/00016350260248292.
• Background Santana A, Salido E, Torres A, Shapiro LJ. Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in the Canary Islands: a conformational disease due to I244T mutation in the P11L-containing alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 10;100(12):7277-82. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1131968100. Epub 2003 May 30.
• Background Schwahn BC, Hafner D, Hohlfeld T, Balkenhol N, Laryea MD, Wendel U. Pharmacokinetics of oral betaine in healthy subjects and patients with homocystinuria. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Jan;55(1):6-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01717.x.
• Background Voziyan PA, Fisher MT. Polyols induce ATP-independent folding of GroEL-bound bacterial glutamine synthetase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 Jan 15;397(2):293-7. doi: 10.1006/abbi.2001.2620.
• Background Micromedex Healthcare Series (http://wwwmicromed.mayo.edu).
• Background Berlow S, Bachman RP, Berry GT, Donnell GN, Grix A, Levitsky LL, Hoganson G, Levy HL. Betaine therapy in homocystinemia. Brain Dysfunct 2:10-24, 1989.
• Background Smolin LA, Benevenga NJ, Berlow S. The use of betaine for the treatment of homocystinuria. J Pediatr. 1981 Sep;99(3):467-72. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80352-6. No abstract available.
• Background Holme E, Kjellman B, Ronge E. Betaine for treatment of homocystinuria caused by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. Arch Dis Child. 1989 Jul;64(7):1061-4. doi: 10.1136/adc.64.7.1061.
• Background Wilcken DE, Wilcken B, Dudman NP, Tyrrell PA. Homocystinuria--the effects of betaine in the treatment of patients not responsive to pyridoxine. N Engl J Med. 1983 Aug 25;309(8):448-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198308253090802.
• Background Dudman NP, Guo XW, Gordon RB, Dawson PA, Wilcken DE. Human homocysteine catabolism: three major pathways and their relevance to development of arterial occlusive disease. J Nutr. 1996 Apr;126(4 Suppl):1295S-300S. doi: 10.1093/jn/126.suppl_4.1295S.
• Background McGregor DO, Dellow WJ, Robson RA, Lever M, George PM, Chambers ST. Betaine supplementation decreases post-methionine hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int. 2002 Mar;61(3):1040-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00199.x.
• Background van Guldener C, Janssen MJ, de Meer K, Donker AJ, Stehouwer CD. Effect of folic acid and betaine on fasting and postmethionine-loading plasma homocysteine and methionine levels in chronic haemodialysis patients. J Intern Med. 1999 Feb;245(2):175-83. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.1999.00430.x.
• Background van Guldener C, Lambert J, ter Wee PM, Donker AJ, Stehouwer CD. Carotid artery stiffness in patients with end-stage renal disease: no effect of long-term homocysteine-lowering therapy. Clin Nephrol. 2000 Jan;53(1):33-41.
• Background Matthews A, Johnson TN, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Chakrapani A, Wraith JE, Moat SJ, Bonham JR, Tucker GT. An indirect response model of homocysteine suppression by betaine: optimising the dosage regimen of betaine in homocystinuria. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Aug;54(2):140-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01620.x.
• Background Surtees R, Bowron A, Leonard J. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma total homocysteine and related metabolites in children with cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: the effect of treatment. Pediatr Res. 1997 Nov;42(5):577-82. doi: 10.1203/00006450-199711000-00004.
• Background Wendel U, Bremer HJ. Betaine in the treatment of homocystinuria due to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. Eur J Pediatr. 1984 Jun;142(2):147-50. doi: 10.1007/BF00445602.
• Background Devlin AM, Hajipour L, Gholkar A, Fernandes H, Ramesh V, Morris AA. Cerebral edema associated with betaine treatment in classical homocystinuria. J Pediatr. 2004 Apr;144(4):545-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.12.041.
• Background Yaghmai R, Kashani AH, Geraghty MT, Okoh J, Pomper M, Tangerman A, Wagner C, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Mudd SH, Braverman N. Progressive cerebral edema associated with high methionine levels and betaine therapy in a patient with cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency. Am J Med Genet. 2002 Feb 15;108(1):57-63. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.10186.

Drugs

Indications