Efficacy of Epidural Etanercept in the Treatment of Sciatica

Summary

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been strongly implicated as a major contributing factor for the development of radiculopathy. In animal studies, the application of TNF-alpha to nerve roots results in pain behavior indicative of radiculopathy. The use of TNF-alpha inhibitors (etanercept and infliximab) have been shown to prevent this pain behavior. Open-label studies in humans have shown both etanercept and infliximab provide excellent, long-term relief in patients with acute radiculopathy from herniated disc. However, a recent placebo-controlled study failed to demonstrate any significant difference from placebo. The investigators have already established the safety of neuraxial etanercept in a trial that has just been completed (not yet published). The objective of this study is to determine whether small doses of epidural etanercept, an anti-TNF-a medication, is an effective treatment for LBP caused by nerve root irritation (i.e., radiculopathy).

Timeline

Start

2006-05

Primary completion

2007-12

Completion

2007-12

Publications

• Results Ozaktay AC, Cavanaugh JM, Asik I, DeLeo JA, Weinstein JN. Dorsal root sensitivity to interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor in rats. Eur Spine J. 2002 Oct;11(5):467-75. doi: 10.1007/s00586-002-0430-x. Epub 2002 Jun 4.
• Results Olmarker K, Larsson K. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and nucleus-pulposus-induced nerve root injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998 Dec 1;23(23):2538-44. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199812010-00008.
• Results Olmarker K, Nutu M, Storkson R. Changes in spontaneous behavior in rats exposed to experimental disc herniation are blocked by selective TNF-alpha inhibition. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 Aug 1;28(15):1635-41; discussion 1642. doi: 10.1097/01.BRS.0000083162.35476.FF.
• Results Igarashi T, Kikuchi S, Shubayev V, Myers RR. 2000 Volvo Award winner in basic science studies: Exogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha mimics nucleus pulposus-induced neuropathology. Molecular, histologic, and behavioral comparisons in rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Dec 1;25(23):2975-80. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200012010-00003.
• Results Korhonen T, Karppinen J, Malmivaara A, Autio R, Niinimaki J, Paimela L, Kyllonen E, Lindgren KA, Tervonen O, Seitsalo S, Hurri H. Efficacy of infliximab for disc herniation-induced sciatica: one-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 Oct 1;29(19):2115-9. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000141179.58778.6c.
• Results Korhonen T, Karppinen J, Paimela L, Malmivaara A, Lindgren KA, Jarvinen S, Niinimaki J, Veeger N, Seitsalo S, Hurri H. The treatment of disc herniation-induced sciatica with infliximab: results of a randomized, controlled, 3-month follow-up study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Dec 15;30(24):2724-8. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000190815.13764.64.
• Results Genevay S, Stingelin S, Gabay C. Efficacy of etanercept in the treatment of acute, severe sciatica: a pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Sep;63(9):1120-3. doi: 10.1136/ard.2003.016451. Epub 2004 Apr 28.
• Results Cohen SP, Griffith S, Larkin TM, Villena F, Larkin R. Presentation, diagnoses, mechanisms of injury, and treatment of soldiers injured in Operation Iraqi Freedom: an epidemiological study conducted at two military pain management centers. Anesth Analg. 2005 Oct;101(4):1098-1103. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000169332.45209.cf.
• Cohen SP, Bogduk N, Dragovich A, Buckenmaier CC 3rd, Griffith S, Kurihara C, Raymond J, Richter PJ, Williams N, Yaksh TL. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response, and preclinical safety study of transforaminal epidural etanercept for the treatment of sciatica. Anesthesiology. 2009 May;110(5):1116-26. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181a05aa0.

Drugs

Indications