Tarceva Italian Lung Optimization tRial

Summary

The aim of this study is to assess the superiority of docetaxel in comparison to erlotinib in second line in wild-type EGFR tumour patients.

Timeline

Start

2007-11

Primary completion

2012-02

Completion

2013-02

Outcome

Missed primary endpoint

paper (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·73, 95% CI 0·53-1·00; p=0·05). PMID 23883922 ↗

Publications

• Background Greenlee RT, Hill-Harmon MB, Murray T, Thun M. Cancer statistics, 2001. CA Cancer J Clin. 2001 Jan-Feb;51(1):15-36. doi: 10.3322/canjclin.51.1.15.
• Background Schiller JH, Harrington D, Belani CP, Langer C, Sandler A, Krook J, Zhu J, Johnson DH; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Comparison of four chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jan 10;346(2):92-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa011954.
• Background Shepherd FA, Dancey J, Ramlau R, Mattson K, Gralla R, O'Rourke M, Levitan N, Gressot L, Vincent M, Burkes R, Coughlin S, Kim Y, Berille J. Prospective randomized trial of docetaxel versus best supportive care in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2000 May;18(10):2095-103. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.10.2095.
• Background Schuette W, Nagel S, Blankenburg T, Lautenschlaeger C, Hans K, Schmidt EW, Dittrich I, Schweisfurth H, von Weikersthal LF, Raghavachar A, Reissig A, Serke M. Phase III study of second-line chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with weekly compared with 3-weekly docetaxel. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Nov 20;23(33):8389-95. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.02.3739.
• Background Hanna N, Shepherd FA, Fossella FV, Pereira JR, De Marinis F, von Pawel J, Gatzemeier U, Tsao TC, Pless M, Muller T, Lim HL, Desch C, Szondy K, Gervais R, Shaharyar, Manegold C, Paul S, Paoletti P, Einhorn L, Bunn PA Jr. Randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed versus docetaxel in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2004 May 1;22(9):1589-97. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2004.08.163.
• Background Shepherd FA, Rodrigues Pereira J, Ciuleanu T, Tan EH, Hirsh V, Thongprasert S, Campos D, Maoleekoonpiroj S, Smylie M, Martins R, van Kooten M, Dediu M, Findlay B, Tu D, Johnston D, Bezjak A, Clark G, Santabarbara P, Seymour L; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Erlotinib in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jul 14;353(2):123-32. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa050753.
• Background Herbst RS, Prager D, Hermann R, Fehrenbacher L, Johnson BE, Sandler A, Kris MG, Tran HT, Klein P, Li X, Ramies D, Johnson DH, Miller VA; TRIBUTE Investigator Group. TRIBUTE: a phase III trial of erlotinib hydrochloride (OSI-774) combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Sep 1;23(25):5892-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.02.840. Epub 2005 Jul 25.
• Background Gatzemeier U, Pluzanska A, Szczesna A, Kaukel E, Roubec J, De Rosa F, Milanowski J, Karnicka-Mlodkowski H, Pesek M, Serwatowski P, Ramlau R, Janaskova T, Vansteenkiste J, Strausz J, Manikhas GM, Von Pawel J. Phase III study of erlotinib in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the Tarceva Lung Cancer Investigation Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Apr 20;25(12):1545-52. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.1474.
• Background Marchetti A, Martella C, Felicioni L, Barassi F, Salvatore S, Chella A, Camplese PP, Iarussi T, Mucilli F, Mezzetti A, Cuccurullo F, Sacco R, Buttitta F. EGFR mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer: analysis of a large series of cases and development of a rapid and sensitive method for diagnostic screening with potential implications on pharmacologic treatment. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Feb 1;23(4):857-65. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.08.043.
• Background Sequist LV, Joshi VA, Janne PA, Muzikansky A, Fidias P, Meyerson M, Haber DA, Kucherlapati R, Johnson BE, Lynch TJ. Response to treatment and survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing somatic EGFR mutation testing. Oncologist. 2007 Jan;12(1):90-8. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.12-1-90.
• Background Taron M, Ichinose Y, Rosell R, Mok T, Massuti B, Zamora L, Mate JL, Manegold C, Ono M, Queralt C, Jahan T, Sanchez JJ, Sanchez-Ronco M, Hsue V, Jablons D, Sanchez JM, Moran T. Activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor are associated with improved survival in gefitinib-treated chemorefractory lung adenocarcinomas. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Aug 15;11(16):5878-85. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2618.
• Background van Zandwijk N, Mathy A, Boerrigter L, Ruijter H, Tielen I, de Jong D, Baas P, Burgers S, Nederlof P. EGFR and KRAS mutations as criteria for treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: retro- and prospective observations in non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2007 Jan;18(1):99-103. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdl323. Epub 2006 Oct 23.
• Background Cappuzzo F, Hirsch FR, Rossi E, Bartolini S, Ceresoli GL, Bemis L, Haney J, Witta S, Danenberg K, Domenichini I, Ludovini V, Magrini E, Gregorc V, Doglioni C, Sidoni A, Tonato M, Franklin WA, Crino L, Bunn PA Jr, Varella-Garcia M. Epidermal growth factor receptor gene and protein and gefitinib sensitivity in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005 May 4;97(9):643-55. doi: 10.1093/jnci/dji112.
• Background Bell DW, Lynch TJ, Haserlat SM, Harris PL, Okimoto RA, Brannigan BW, Sgroi DC, Muir B, Riemenschneider MJ, Iacona RB, Krebs AD, Johnson DH, Giaccone G, Herbst RS, Manegold C, Fukuoka M, Kris MG, Baselga J, Ochs JS, Haber DA. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and gene amplification in non-small-cell lung cancer: molecular analysis of the IDEAL/INTACT gefitinib trials. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Nov 1;23(31):8081-92. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.02.7078. Epub 2005 Oct 3.
• Background Hirsch FR, Varella-Garcia M, Bunn PA Jr, Franklin WA, Dziadziuszko R, Thatcher N, Chang A, Parikh P, Pereira JR, Ciuleanu T, von Pawel J, Watkins C, Flannery A, Ellison G, Donald E, Knight L, Parums D, Botwood N, Holloway B. Molecular predictors of outcome with gefitinib in a phase III placebo-controlled study in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Nov 1;24(31):5034-42. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2006.06.3958.
• Background Cappuzzo F, Varella-Garcia M, Shigematsu H, Domenichini I, Bartolini S, Ceresoli GL, Rossi E, Ludovini V, Gregorc V, Toschi L, Franklin WA, Crino L, Gazdar AF, Bunn PA Jr, Hirsch FR. Increased HER2 gene copy number is associated with response to gefitinib therapy in epidermal growth factor receptor-positive non-small-cell lung cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug 1;23(22):5007-18. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.09.111.
• Background Cappuzzo F, Magrini E, Ceresoli GL, Bartolini S, Rossi E, Ludovini V, Gregorc V, Ligorio C, Cancellieri A, Damiani S, Spreafico A, Paties CT, Lombardo L, Calandri C, Bellezza G, Tonato M, Crino L. Akt phosphorylation and gefitinib efficacy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Aug 4;96(15):1133-41. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djh217.
• Background Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, Bergman B, Bullinger M, Cull A, Duez NJ, Filiberti A, Flechtner H, Fleishman SB, de Haes JC, et al. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Mar 3;85(5):365-76. doi: 10.1093/jnci/85.5.365.
• Background Bergman B, Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, Kaasa S, Sullivan M. The EORTC QLQ-LC13: a modular supplement to the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) for use in lung cancer clinical trials. EORTC Study Group on Quality of Life. Eur J Cancer. 1994;30A(5):635-42. doi: 10.1016/0959-8049(94)90535-5.
• Background Osoba D, Bezjak A, Brundage M, Zee B, Tu D, Pater J; Quality of Life Committee of the NCIC CTG. Analysis and interpretation of health-related quality-of-life data from clinical trials: basic approach of The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Eur J Cancer. 2005 Jan;41(2):280-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.10.017.
• Background Armstrong BG, Sloan M. Ordinal regression models for epidemiologic data. Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Jan;129(1):191-204. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115109.
• Background Crinò L; Zatloukal P; Reck M; Pesek M; Thomson J; Ford H; Hirsch F; Duffield E; Armour A; Cullen M. Gefitinib (Iressa) versus vinorelbine in chemonaive elderly pts with advanced NSCLC (INVITE): a randomized phase II study: B3-04. Journal of Thoracic Oncology Volume 2(8) Supplement 4 August 2007p S341 number 8
• Background Keedy VL, Temin S, Somerfield MR, Beasley MB, Johnson DH, McShane LM, Milton DT, Strawn JR, Wakelee HA, Giaccone G. American Society of Clinical Oncology provisional clinical opinion: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Mutation testing for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer considering first-line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2011 May 20;29(15):2121-7. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.8923. Epub 2011 Apr 11.
• Background Fukuoka M, Wu YL, Thongprasert S, Sunpaweravong P, Leong SS, Sriuranpong V, Chao TY, Nakagawa K, Chu DT, Saijo N, Duffield EL, Rukazenkov Y, Speake G, Jiang H, Armour AA, To KF, Yang JC, Mok TS. Biomarker analyses and final overall survival results from a phase III, randomized, open-label, first-line study of gefitinib versus carboplatin/paclitaxel in clinically selected patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in Asia (IPASS). J Clin Oncol. 2011 Jul 20;29(21):2866-74. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.33.4235. Epub 2011 Jun 13.
• Background Horgan AM, Bradbury PA, Amir E, Ng R, Douillard JY, Kim ES, Shepherd FA, Leighl NB. An economic analysis of the INTEREST trial, a randomized trial of docetaxel versus gefitinib as second-/third-line therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2011 Aug;22(8):1805-11. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdq682. Epub 2011 Jan 27.
• Background Douillard JY, Shepherd FA, Hirsh V, Mok T, Socinski MA, Gervais R, Liao ML, Bischoff H, Reck M, Sellers MV, Watkins CL, Speake G, Armour AA, Kim ES. Molecular predictors of outcome with gefitinib and docetaxel in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer: data from the randomized phase III INTEREST trial. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Feb 10;28(5):744-52. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.24.3030. Epub 2009 Dec 28.
• Background Kim ES, Hirsh V, Mok T, Socinski MA, Gervais R, Wu YL, Li LY, Watkins CL, Sellers MV, Lowe ES, Sun Y, Liao ML, Osterlind K, Reck M, Armour AA, Shepherd FA, Lippman SM, Douillard JY. Gefitinib versus docetaxel in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (INTEREST): a randomised phase III trial. Lancet. 2008 Nov 22;372(9652):1809-18. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61758-4.
• Background Lee DH, Park K, Kim JH, Lee JS, Shin SW, Kang JH, Ahn MJ, Ahn JS, Suh C, Kim SW. Randomized Phase III trial of gefitinib versus docetaxel in non-small cell lung cancer patients who have previously received platinum-based chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Feb 15;16(4):1307-14. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-1903. Epub 2010 Feb 9.
• Background Maruyama R, Nishiwaki Y, Tamura T, Yamamoto N, Tsuboi M, Nakagawa K, Shinkai T, Negoro S, Imamura F, Eguchi K, Takeda K, Inoue A, Tomii K, Harada M, Masuda N, Jiang H, Itoh Y, Ichinose Y, Saijo N, Fukuoka M. Phase III study, V-15-32, of gefitinib versus docetaxel in previously treated Japanese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Sep 10;26(26):4244-52. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.0185.
• Background Mok TS, Wu YL, Thongprasert S, Yang CH, Chu DT, Saijo N, Sunpaweravong P, Han B, Margono B, Ichinose Y, Nishiwaki Y, Ohe Y, Yang JJ, Chewaskulyong B, Jiang H, Duffield EL, Watkins CL, Armour AA, Fukuoka M. Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 3;361(10):947-57. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810699. Epub 2009 Aug 19.
• Background Cappuzzo F, Ciuleanu T, Stelmakh L, Cicenas S, Szczesna A, Juhasz E, Esteban E, Molinier O, Brugger W, Melezinek I, Klingelschmitt G, Klughammer B, Giaccone G; SATURN investigators. Erlotinib as maintenance treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Jun;11(6):521-9. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70112-1. Epub 2010 May 20.
• Marabese M, Ganzinelli M, Garassino MC, Shepherd FA, Piva S, Caiola E, Macerelli M, Bettini A, Lauricella C, Floriani I, Farina G, Longo F, Bonomi L, Fabbri MA, Veronese S, Marsoni S, Broggini M, Rulli E. KRAS mutations affect prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with first-line platinum containing chemotherapy. Oncotarget. 2015 Oct 20;6(32):34014-22. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.5607.
• Rulli E, Marabese M, Torri V, Farina G, Veronese S, Bettini A, Longo F, Moscetti L, Ganzinelli M, Lauricella C, Copreni E, Labianca R, Martelli O, Marsoni S, Broggini M, Garassino MC; TAILOR trialists. Value of KRAS as prognostic or predictive marker in NSCLC: results from the TAILOR trial. Ann Oncol. 2015 Oct;26(10):2079-84. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv318. Epub 2015 Jul 24.
• Garassino MC, Martelli O, Broggini M, Farina G, Veronese S, Rulli E, Bianchi F, Bettini A, Longo F, Moscetti L, Tomirotti M, Marabese M, Ganzinelli M, Lauricella C, Labianca R, Floriani I, Giaccone G, Torri V, Scanni A, Marsoni S; TAILOR trialists. Erlotinib versus docetaxel as second-line treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and wild-type EGFR tumours (TAILOR): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Sep;14(10):981-8. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70310-3. Epub 2013 Jul 22.
• Farina G, Longo F, Martelli O, Pavese I, Mancuso A, Moscetti L, Labianca R, Bertolini A, Cortesi E, Farris A, Fagnani D, Locatelli MC, Valmadre G, Ardizzoia A, Tomirotti M, Rulli E, Garassino MC, Scanni A. Rationale for treatment and study design of tailor: a randomized phase III trial of second-line erlotinib versus docetaxel in the treatment of patients affected by advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with the absence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations. Clin Lung Cancer. 2011 Mar;12(2):138-41. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2011.03.008. Epub 2011 Apr 11.

Drugs

Indications