The Efficacy of Red Grape Seed Extract on Lipid Profile and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (OX-LDL)

Summary

Antioxidants are potent scavengers of free radicals and serve as inhibitors of neoplastic processes. A large number of synthetic and natural antioxidants are known to induce beneficial effects on human health and disease prevention. Cardioprotective ability of grape seed extract polyphenols (GSEP) was studied in animals and humans. It has been suggested that grape seed proanthocyanidins have cardioprotective effects against reperfusion-induced injury of free radicals after ischemia. In another study, it is suggested that proanthocyanidins, the major polyphenols in red wine, might trap reactive oxygen species in aqueous series such as plasma and interstitial fluid of the arterial wall; thereby inhibiting oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and showing an antiatherosclerotic activity. The only human model study designed to evaluate the effect of a standardized formulation of a GSEP (leucoselect-phytosome \[LP\]) on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in a group of heavy smokers, revealed that the antioxidant potential of GSEP may be effective in oxidative stress (smoking); however more investigational data are needed before wider use in clinical settings. Based on these observations, the investigators decided to evaluate the effect of GSEP in reducing OX-LDL in patients diagnosed with mild hyperlipidemia.

Timeline

Start

2008-07

Primary completion

2008-12

Completion

2009-02

Publications

• Background Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Stohs SJ, Das DK, Ray SD, Kuszynski CA, Joshi SS, Pruess HG. Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology. 2000 Aug 7;148(2-3):187-97. doi: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00210-9.
• Background Bagchi D, Sen CK, Ray SD, Das DK, Bagchi M, Preuss HG, Vinson JA. Molecular mechanisms of cardioprotection by a novel grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Mutat Res. 2003 Feb-Mar;523-524:87-97. doi: 10.1016/s0027-5107(02)00324-x.
• Background Pataki T, Bak I, Kovacs P, Bagchi D, Das DK, Tosaki A. Grape seed proanthocyanidins improved cardiac recovery during reperfusion after ischemia in isolated rat hearts. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;75(5):894-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/75.5.894.
• Background Joshi SS, Kuszynski CA, Bagchi D. The cellular and molecular basis of health benefits of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2001 Jun;2(2):187-200. doi: 10.2174/1389201013378725.
• Background Bagchi D, Garg A, Krohn RL, Bagchi M, Bagchi DJ, Balmoori J, Stohs SJ. Protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins and selected antioxidants against TPA-induced hepatic and brain lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, and peritoneal macrophage activation in mice. Gen Pharmacol. 1998 May;30(5):771-6. doi: 10.1016/s0306-3623(97)00332-7.
• Background Yamakoshi J, Kataoka S, Koga T, Ariga T. Proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds attenuates the development of aortic atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Atherosclerosis. 1999 Jan;142(1):139-49. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9150(98)00230-5.
• Background Zhang FL, Gao HQ, Wu JM, Ma YB, You BA, Li BY, Xuan JH. Selective inhibition by grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts of cell adhesion molecule expression induced by advanced glycation end products in endothelial cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006 Aug;48(2):47-53. doi: 10.1097/01.fjc.0000242058.72471.0c.
• Background Vigna GB, Costantini F, Aldini G, Carini M, Catapano A, Schena F, Tangerini A, Zanca R, Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P, Mezzetti A, Fellin R, Maffei Facino R. Effect of a standardized grape seed extract on low-density lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation in heavy smokers. Metabolism. 2003 Oct;52(10):1250-7. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(03)00192-6.

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