Enteral Naloxone Versus a Traditional Bowel Regimen for the Prevention of Opioid Induced Constipation in Trauma Patients

Summary

The purpose of this study is to determine if enteral naloxone is more effective than a traditional bowel regimen in the prevention and treatment of constipation and impaired gastric motility in critically ill trauma patients.

Timeline

Start

2007-08

Primary completion

2012-10

Completion

2012-10

Publications

• Background Ely EW, Truman B, Shintani A, Thomason JW, Wheeler AP, Gordon S, Francis J, Speroff T, Gautam S, Margolin R, Sessler CN, Dittus RS, Bernard GR. Monitoring sedation status over time in ICU patients: reliability and validity of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS). JAMA. 2003 Jun 11;289(22):2983-91. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.22.2983.
• Background Sessler CN, Gosnell MS, Grap MJ, Brophy GM, O'Neal PV, Keane KA, Tesoro EP, Elswick RK. The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale: validity and reliability in adult intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Nov 15;166(10):1338-44. doi: 10.1164/rccm.2107138.
• Background Hawryluck LA, Harvey WR, Lemieux-Charles L, Singer PA. Consensus guidelines on analgesia and sedation in dying intensive care unit patients. BMC Med Ethics. 2002 Aug 12;3:E3. doi: 10.1186/1472-6939-3-3.
• Background Jacobi J, Fraser GL, Coursin DB, Riker RR, Fontaine D, Wittbrodt ET, Chalfin DB, Masica MF, Bjerke HS, Coplin WM, Crippen DW, Fuchs BD, Kelleher RM, Marik PE, Nasraway SA Jr, Murray MJ, Peruzzi WT, Lumb PD; Task Force of the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), American College of Chest Physicians. Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult. Crit Care Med. 2002 Jan;30(1):119-41. doi: 10.1097/00003246-200201000-00020. No abstract available.
• Background Thomas MC, Erstad BL. Safety of enteral naloxone and i.v. neostigmine when used to relieve constipation. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2003 Jun 15;60(12):1264-7. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/60.12.1264. No abstract available.
• Background Meissner W, Schmidt U, Hartmann M, Kath R, Reinhart K. Oral naloxone reverses opioid-associated constipation. Pain. 2000 Jan;84(1):105-109. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00185-2.
• Background Liu M, Wittbrodt E. Low-dose oral naloxone reverses opioid-induced constipation and analgesia. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002 Jan;23(1):48-53. doi: 10.1016/s0885-3924(01)00369-4.
• Background Mixides G, Liebl MG, Bloom K. Enteral administration of naloxone for treatment of opioid-associated intragastric feeding intolerance. Pharmacotherapy. 2004 Feb;24(2):291-4. doi: 10.1592/phco.24.2.291.33149.
• Background Artinian V, Krayem H, DiGiovine B. Effects of early enteral feeding on the outcome of critically ill mechanically ventilated medical patients. Chest. 2006 Apr;129(4):960-7. doi: 10.1378/chest.129.4.960.
• Background Meissner W, Dohrn B, Reinhart K. Enteral naloxone reduces gastric tube reflux and frequency of pneumonia in critical care patients during opioid analgesia. Crit Care Med. 2003 Mar;31(3):776-80. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000053652.80849.9F.
• Background Mostafa SM, Bhandari S, Ritchie G, Gratton N, Wenstone R. Constipation and its implications in the critically ill patient. Br J Anaesth. 2003 Dec;91(6):815-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeg275.

Drugs

Indications