Preventing Tolerance to Oxymetazoline in Allergic Rhinitis

Summary

The investigators wish to evaluate the effects of decongestants like oxymetazoline and the lessening of this effect with time called 'tolerance'. The investigators will demonstrate a reversal of this tolerance with nasal steroids i.e. the investigators will show that nasal steroids protect against tolerance. This will tell us more on how the investigators can make this treatment effective and safe for patients suffering with allergic rhinitis.

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Publications

• Background Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N; Aria Workshop Group; World Health Organization. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Nov;108(5 Suppl):S147-334. doi: 10.1067/mai.2001.118891. No abstract available.
• Background Nassef M, Shapiro G, Casale TB; Respiratory and Allergic Disease Foundation. Identifying and managing rhinitis and its subtypes: allergic and nonallergic components--a consensus report and materials from the Respiratory and Allergic Disease Foundation. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006 Dec;22(12):2541-8. doi: 10.1185/030079906x158057.
• Background Nolte H, Nepper-Christensen S, Backer V. Unawareness and undertreatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis in a general population. Respir Med. 2006 Feb;100(2):354-62. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.05.012. Epub 2005 Jul 11.
• Background Gupta R, Sheikh A, Strachan DP, Anderson HR. Burden of allergic disease in the UK: secondary analyses of national databases. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004 Apr;34(4):520-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1935.x.
• Background Ferguson BJ. Influences of allergic rhinitis on sleep. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 May;130(5):617-29. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.02.001.
• Background Patou J, De Smedt H, van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Pathophysiology of nasal obstruction and meta-analysis of early and late effects of levocetirizine. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006 Aug;36(8):972-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02544.x.
• Background Graf P. Long-term use of oxy- and xylometazoline nasal sprays induces rebound swelling, tolerance, and nasal hyperreactivity. Rhinology. 1996 Mar;34(1):9-13.
• Background Ramey JT, Bailen E, Lockey RF. Rhinitis medicamentosa. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(3):148-55.
• Background Petruson B. Treatment with xylometazoline (Otrivin) nosedrops over a six-week period. Rhinology. 1981 Sep;19(3):167-72.
• Background Yoo JK, Seikaly H, Calhoun KH. Extended use of topical nasal decongestants. Laryngoscope. 1997 Jan;107(1):40-3. doi: 10.1097/00005537-199701000-00010.
• Background Watanabe H, Foo TH, Djazaeri B, Duncombe P, Mackay IS, Durham SR. Oxymetazoline nasal spray three times daily for four weeks in normal subjects is not associated with rebound congestion or tachyphylaxis. Rhinology. 2003 Sep;41(3):167-74.
• Background Hallen H, Enerdal J, Graf P. Fluticasone propionate nasal spray is more effective and has a faster onset of action than placebo in treatment of rhinitis medicamentosa. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997 May;27(5):552-8.
• Background Tan KS, Grove A, McLean A, Gnosspelius Y, Hall IP, Lipworth BJ. Systemic corticosteriod rapidly reverses bronchodilator subsensitivity induced by formoterol in asthmatic patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Jul;156(1):28-35. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.156.1.9610113.
• Background Hamamdzic D, Duzic E, Sherlock JD, Lanier SM. Regulation of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor expression and signaling in pancreatic beta-cells. Am J Physiol. 1995 Jul;269(1 Pt 1):E162-71. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1995.269.1.E162.
• Background Davies AO, Lefkowitz RJ. Regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors by steroid hormones. Annu Rev Physiol. 1984;46:119-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.46.030184.001003. No abstract available.

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