Glargine Dosing in Hospitalized Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Renal Insufficiency

Summary

It is imperative to devise easy to follow, yet appropriate, guidelines for insulin use in renal-impaired patients. This will be done by comparing two regimens: 1) glargine once daily plus mealtime glulisine based on weight alone and 2) a predetermined dosing reduction algorithm with glargine/glulisine based on weight with reduction for decreased estimated GFR by MDRD as follows: \< 30 ml/min/1.73m2 or on dialysis reduce dose by 50% from weight based calculation.

Timeline

Start

2009-01-21

Primary completion

2011-06-30

Completion

2011-06-30

Outcome

Missed primary endpoint

registry analysis (superiority test); 0.5 Units/kg vs 0.25 Units/kg; p = .958; Mean Difference (Final Values) -0.50 (95% CI -19.341 to 18.341); t-test, 2 sided NCT00911625 ↗

Publications

• Background American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. In 2007. Diabetes Care. 2008 Mar;31(3):596-615. doi: 10.2337/dc08-9017.
• Background Baldwin D, Villanueva G, McNutt R, Bhatnagar S. Eliminating inpatient sliding-scale insulin: a reeducation project with medical house staff. Diabetes Care. 2005 May;28(5):1008-11. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.5.1008.
• Background DeSantis AJ, Schmeltz LR, Schmidt K, O'Shea-Mahler E, Rhee C, Wells A, Brandt S, Peterson S, Molitch ME. Inpatient management of hyperglycemia: the Northwestern experience. Endocr Pract. 2006 Sep-Oct;12(5):491-505. doi: 10.4158/EP.12.5.491.
• Background Schmeltz LR, DeSantis AJ, Thiyagarajan V, Schmidt K, O'Shea-Mahler E, Johnson D, Henske J, McCarthy PM, Gleason TG, McGee EC, Molitch ME. Reduction of surgical mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery with a combined intravenous and subcutaneous insulin glucose management strategy. Diabetes Care. 2007 Apr;30(4):823-8. doi: 10.2337/dc06-2184. Epub 2007 Jan 17.
• Background Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Zisman A, Prieto LM, Palacio A, Ceron M, Puig A, Mejia R. Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes (RABBIT 2 trial). Diabetes Care. 2007 Sep;30(9):2181-6. doi: 10.2337/dc07-0295. Epub 2007 May 18.
• Background Umpierrez GE, Hor T, Smiley D, Temponi A, Umpierrez D, Ceron M, Munoz C, Newton C, Peng L, Baldwin D. Comparison of inpatient insulin regimens with detemir plus aspart versus neutral protamine hagedorn plus regular in medical patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Feb;94(2):564-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-1441. Epub 2008 Nov 18.
• Background Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Jacobs S, Peng L, Temponi A, Mulligan P, Umpierrez D, Newton C, Olson D, Rizzo M. Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing general surgery (RABBIT 2 surgery). Diabetes Care. 2011 Feb;34(2):256-61. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1407. Epub 2011 Jan 12.
• Background Bernard JB, Munoz C, Harper J, Muriello M, Rico E, Baldwin D. Treatment of inpatient hyperglycemia beginning in the emergency department: a randomized trial using insulins aspart and detemir compared with usual care. J Hosp Med. 2011 May;6(5):279-84. doi: 10.1002/jhm.866.
• Background Murad MH, Coburn JA, Coto-Yglesias F, Dzyubak S, Hazem A, Lane MA, Prokop LJ, Montori VM. Glycemic control in non-critically ill hospitalized patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jan;97(1):49-58. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2100. Epub 2011 Nov 16.
• Background Clement S, Braithwaite SS, Magee MF, Ahmann A, Smith EP, Schafer RG, Hirsch IB; American Diabetes Association Diabetes in Hospitals Writing Committee. Management of diabetes and hyperglycemia in hospitals. Diabetes Care. 2004 Feb;27(2):553-91. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.2.553. No abstract available.
• Background Moghissi ES, Korytkowski MT, DiNardo M, Einhorn D, Hellman R, Hirsch IB, Inzucchi SE, Ismail-Beigi F, Kirkman MS, Umpierrez GE; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; American Diabetes Association. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jun;32(6):1119-31. doi: 10.2337/dc09-9029. Epub 2009 May 8. No abstract available.
• Background Umpierrez GE, Hellman R, Korytkowski MT, Kosiborod M, Maynard GA, Montori VM, Seley JJ, Van den Berghe G; Endocrine Society. Management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients in non-critical care setting: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jan;97(1):16-38. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2098.
• Background Fischer KF, Lees JA, Newman JH. Hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients. Causes and outcomes. N Engl J Med. 1986 Nov 13;315(20):1245-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198611133152002.
• Background Kagansky N, Levy S, Rimon E, Cojocaru L, Fridman A, Ozer Z, Knobler H. Hypoglycemia as a predictor of mortality in hospitalized elderly patients. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Aug 11-25;163(15):1825-9. doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.15.1825.
• Background Varghese P, Gleason V, Sorokin R, Senholzi C, Jabbour S, Gottlieb JE. Hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients treated with antihyperglycemic agents. J Hosp Med. 2007 Jul;2(4):234-40. doi: 10.1002/jhm.212.
• Background Turchin A, Matheny ME, Shubina M, Scanlon JV, Greenwood B, Pendergrass ML. Hypoglycemia and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes hospitalized in the general ward. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jul;32(7):1153-7. doi: 10.2337/dc08-2127.
• Background Bailon RM, Cook CB, Hovan MJ, Hull BP, Seifert KM, Miller-Cage V, Beer KA, Boyle ME, Littman SD, Magallanez JM, Fischenich JM, Harris JK, Scoggins SS, Uy J. Temporal and geographic patterns of hypoglycemia among hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009 Mar 1;3(2):261-8. doi: 10.1177/193229680900300206.
• Background Rubin DJ, Rybin D, Doros G, McDonnell ME. Weight-based, insulin dose-related hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011 Aug;34(8):1723-8. doi: 10.2337/dc10-2434. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
• Background Horton ES, Johnson C, Lebovitz HE. Carbohydrate metabolism in uremia. Ann Intern Med. 1968 Jan;68(1):63-74. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-68-1-63. No abstract available.
• Background Moen MF, Zhan M, Hsu VD, Walker LD, Einhorn LM, Seliger SL, Fink JC. Frequency of hypoglycemia and its significance in chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Jun;4(6):1121-7. doi: 10.2215/CJN.00800209. Epub 2009 May 7.
• Background Rave K, Heise T, Pfutzner A, Heinemann L, Sawicki PT. Impact of diabetic nephropathy on pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic properties of insulin in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2001 May;24(5):886-90. doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.5.886.
• Background Mak RH. Impact of end-stage renal disease and dialysis on glycemic control. Semin Dial. 2000 Jan-Feb;13(1):4-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-139x.2000.00007.x. No abstract available.
• Background Biesenbach G, Raml A, Schmekal B, Eichbauer-Sturm G. Decreased insulin requirement in relation to GFR in nephropathic Type 1 and insulin-treated Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 2003 Aug;20(8):642-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.01025.x.
• Baldwin D, Zander J, Munoz C, Raghu P, DeLange-Hudec S, Lee H, Emanuele MA, Glossop V, Smallwood K, Molitch M. A randomized trial of two weight-based doses of insulin glargine and glulisine in hospitalized subjects with type 2 diabetes and renal insufficiency. Diabetes Care. 2012 Oct;35(10):1970-4. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0578. Epub 2012 Jun 14.

Drugs

Indications