Memory Reconsolidation Blockade as a Novel Intervention for Nicotine Dependence

Summary

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the US. While approximately 70% of smokers attempt to quit each year, only 5-15% maintain abstinence for 12 months, even with effective pharmacological and psychological interventions. Novel therapies are needed for smoking cessation and relapse prevention. Previous studies show that early post-cessation craving or urge to smoke is a powerful predictor of relapse. A current model of the pathogenesis of addiction maintains that a substance of abuse causes a marked increase release in phasic dopamine release, which in turn strengthens or increases the salience of the memory of the drug experience, leading to a powerful and persistent memory that is easily activated, leading to drug craving and often to drug use. This highly salient memory is also implicated in the physiological arousal associated with craving responses to smoking cues. This process is thought to be implicated in relapse to drug use after even long periods of abstinence. Recent animal research indicates that retrieval returns a consolidated memory such as those associated with drug craving, to a labile state from which it must be restabilized to persist in a process termed reconsolidation. If memories of drug-related experiences are labile when reactivated, this could represent a window of opportunity in which the memory of drug use that underlies drug craving can be influenced pharmacologically. Our hypothesis is that post-reactivation administration of the B-adrenergic blocker, propranolol, following retrieval of drug-associated memories will reduce the strength or salience of the memory by influencing reconsolidation, a process called memory reconsolidation blockade. In this study we will test the hypothesis that a single dose of propranolol given one hour prior to smoking-related cue exposure (post-reactivation treatment) will decrease psychophysiological responses to smoking cues one week later and will predict clinical response to an ensuing series of 6 post-reactivation treatments with script-driven imagery and propranolol. In order to do so, we propose to conduct a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of post-reactivation treatment with propranolol in 50 adult smokers. Outcome measures will include in physiological responses to smoking-related cues after one and six post-reactivation treatments and smoking behavior during the treatment and during a 3-month follow-up period.

Timeline

Start

2008-04

Primary completion

2010-07

Completion

2011-01

Publications

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• Background Alberini CM. Mechanisms of memory stabilization: are consolidation and reconsolidation similar or distinct processes? Trends Neurosci. 2005 Jan;28(1):51-6. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2004.11.001.
• Background Suzuki A, Josselyn SA, Frankland PW, Masushige S, Silva AJ, Kida S. Memory reconsolidation and extinction have distinct temporal and biochemical signatures. J Neurosci. 2004 May 19;24(20):4787-95. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5491-03.2004.
• Background McGaugh JL. The amygdala modulates the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing experiences. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2004;27:1-28. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144157.
• Background Pitman RK, Sanders KM, Zusman RM, Healy AR, Cheema F, Lasko NB, Cahill L, Orr SP. Pilot study of secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder with propranolol. Biol Psychiatry. 2002 Jan 15;51(2):189-92. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01279-3.
• Background Vaiva G, Ducrocq F, Jezequel K, Averland B, Lestavel P, Brunet A, Marmar CR. Immediate treatment with propranolol decreases posttraumatic stress disorder two months after trauma. Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Nov 1;54(9):947-9. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00412-8.
• Background Przybyslawski J, Roullet P, Sara SJ. Attenuation of emotional and nonemotional memories after their reactivation: role of beta adrenergic receptors. J Neurosci. 1999 Aug 1;19(15):6623-8. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-15-06623.1999.
• Background Debiec J, Ledoux JE. Disruption of reconsolidation but not consolidation of auditory fear conditioning by noradrenergic blockade in the amygdala. Neuroscience. 2004;129(2):267-72. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.08.018.
• Background Orr SP, Metzger LJ, Pitman RK. Psychophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2002 Jun;25(2):271-93. doi: 10.1016/s0193-953x(01)00007-7.
• Background Diergaarde L, Schoffelmeer AN, De Vries TJ. Beta-adrenoceptor mediated inhibition of long-term reward-related memory reconsolidation. Behav Brain Res. 2006 Jun 30;170(2):333-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.02.014. Epub 2006 Apr 5.
• Background Bernardi RE, Lattal KM, Berger SP. Postretrieval propranolol disrupts a cocaine conditioned place preference. Neuroreport. 2006 Sep 18;17(13):1443-7. doi: 10.1097/01.wnr.0000233098.20655.26.
• Background Robinson MJ, Franklin KB. Central but not peripheral beta-adrenergic antagonism blocks reconsolidation for a morphine place preference. Behav Brain Res. 2007 Aug 22;182(1):129-34. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.05.023. Epub 2007 May 24.

Drugs

Indications

No indication recorded.