Impact of Diabetes on Left Ventricular Remodeling

Summary

The investigators hypothesize that in patients with diabetes and acute myocardial infarction (MI), Ang II type-1 receptor blockade (AT1RB) attenuates left ventricle (LV) remodeling to a greater extent than angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy and that the addition of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor, Allopurinol, results in further improvement in LV remodeling and function in the follow-up phase after MI.

Timeline

Start

2005-07

Primary completion

2010-11

Completion

2010-11

Publications

• Background Solomon SD, St John Sutton M, Lamas GA, Plappert T, Rouleau JL, Skali H, Moye L, Braunwald E, Pfeffer MA; Survival And Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) Investigators. Ventricular remodeling does not accompany the development of heart failure in diabetic patients after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2002 Sep 3;106(10):1251-5. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000032313.82552.e3.
• Background Mukamal KJ, Nesto RW, Cohen MC, Muller JE, Maclure M, Sherwood JB, Mittleman MA. Impact of diabetes on long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction: comparability of risk with prior myocardial infarction. Diabetes Care. 2001 Aug;24(8):1422-7. doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.8.1422.
• Background Melchior T, Kober L, Madsen CR, Seibaek M, Jensen GV, Hildebrandt P, Torp-Pedersen C. Accelerating impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality in the years following an acute myocardial infarction. TRACE Study Group. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation. Eur Heart J. 1999 Jul;20(13):973-8. doi: 10.1053/euhj.1999.1530.
• Background Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. Lancet. 1993 Oct 2;342(8875):821-8.
• Background Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, Basta L, Brown EJ Jr, Cuddy TE, Davis BR, Geltman EM, Goldman S, Flaker GC, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1992 Sep 3;327(10):669-77. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199209033271001.
• Background Fiordaliso F, Leri A, Cesselli D, Limana F, Safai B, Nadal-Ginard B, Anversa P, Kajstura J. Hyperglycemia activates p53 and p53-regulated genes leading to myocyte cell death. Diabetes. 2001 Oct;50(10):2363-75. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.50.10.2363.
• Background Fiordaliso F, Li B, Latini R, Sonnenblick EH, Anversa P, Leri A, Kajstura J. Myocyte death in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats in angiotensin II- dependent. Lab Invest. 2000 Apr;80(4):513-27. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.3780057.
• Background Urata H, Healy B, Stewart RW, Bumpus FM, Husain A. Angiotensin II-forming pathways in normal and failing human hearts. Circ Res. 1990 Apr;66(4):883-90. doi: 10.1161/01.res.66.4.883.
• Background Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature. 2001 Dec 13;414(6865):813-20. doi: 10.1038/414813a.
• Background Giugliano D, Ceriello A, Paolisso G. Oxidative stress and diabetic vascular complications. Diabetes Care. 1996 Mar;19(3):257-67. doi: 10.2337/diacare.19.3.257.
• Background Sorescu D, Griendling KK. Reactive oxygen species, mitochondria, and NAD(P)H oxidases in the development and progression of heart failure. Congest Heart Fail. 2002 May-Jun;8(3):132-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1527-5299.2002.00717.x.
• Background Pimentel DR, Amin JK, Xiao L, Miller T, Viereck J, Oliver-Krasinski J, Baliga R, Wang J, Siwik DA, Singh K, Pagano P, Colucci WS, Sawyer DB. Reactive oxygen species mediate amplitude-dependent hypertrophic and apoptotic responses to mechanical stretch in cardiac myocytes. Circ Res. 2001 Aug 31;89(5):453-60. doi: 10.1161/hh1701.096615.
• Background de Jong JW, Schoemaker RG, de Jonge R, Bernocchi P, Keijzer E, Harrison R, Sharma HS, Ceconi C. Enhanced expression and activity of xanthine oxidoreductase in the failing heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2000 Nov;32(11):2083-9. doi: 10.1006/jmcc.2000.1240.
• Background Matsumoto S, Koshiishi I, Inoguchi T, Nawata H, Utsumi H. Confirmation of superoxide generation via xanthine oxidase in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Free Radic Res. 2003 Jul;37(7):767-72. doi: 10.1080/1071576031000107344.
• Background Desco MC, Asensi M, Marquez R, Martinez-Valls J, Vento M, Pallardo FV, Sastre J, Vina J. Xanthine oxidase is involved in free radical production in type 1 diabetes: protection by allopurinol. Diabetes. 2002 Apr;51(4):1118-24. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1118.
• Background Cappola TP, Kass DA, Nelson GS, Berger RD, Rosas GO, Kobeissi ZA, Marban E, Hare JM. Allopurinol improves myocardial efficiency in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2001 Nov 13;104(20):2407-11. doi: 10.1161/hc4501.098928.
• Background Saavedra WF, Paolocci N, St John ME, Skaf MW, Stewart GC, Xie JS, Harrison RW, Zeichner J, Mudrick D, Marban E, Kass DA, Hare JM. Imbalance between xanthine oxidase and nitric oxide synthase signaling pathways underlies mechanoenergetic uncoupling in the failing heart. Circ Res. 2002 Feb 22;90(3):297-304. doi: 10.1161/hh0302.104531.
• Background Butler R, Morris AD, Belch JJ, Hill A, Struthers AD. Allopurinol normalizes endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetics with mild hypertension. Hypertension. 2000 Mar;35(3):746-51. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.35.3.746.
• Background American Diabetes Association: clinical practice recommendations 1995. Diabetes Care. 1995 Jan;18 Suppl 1:1-96. No abstract available.
• Background Diez J, Querejeta R, Lopez B, Gonzalez A, Larman M, Martinez Ubago JL. Losartan-dependent regression of myocardial fibrosis is associated with reduction of left ventricular chamber stiffness in hypertensive patients. Circulation. 2002 May 28;105(21):2512-7. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000017264.66561.3d.
• Background Querejeta R, Varo N, Lopez B, Larman M, Artinano E, Etayo JC, Martinez Ubago JL, Gutierrez-Stampa M, Emparanza JI, Gil MJ, Monreal I, Mindan JP, Diez J. Serum carboxy-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I is a marker of myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive heart disease. Circulation. 2000 Apr 11;101(14):1729-35. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.101.14.1729.
• Background Lopez B, Querejeta R, Varo N, Gonzalez A, Larman M, Martinez Ubago JL, Diez J. Usefulness of serum carboxy-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I in assessment of the cardioreparative ability of antihypertensive treatment in hypertensive patients. Circulation. 2001 Jul 17;104(3):286-91. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.104.3.286.
• Background Cracowski JL, Tremel F, Marpeau C, Baguet JP, Stanke-Labesque F, Mallion JM, Bessard G. Increased formation of F(2)-isoprostanes in patients with severe heart failure. Heart. 2000 Oct;84(4):439-40. doi: 10.1136/heart.84.4.439. No abstract available.
• Background Mallat Z, Philip I, Lebret M, Chatel D, Maclouf J, Tedgui A. Elevated levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha in pericardial fluid of patients with heart failure: a potential role for in vivo oxidant stress in ventricular dilatation and progression to heart failure. Circulation. 1998 Apr 28;97(16):1536-9. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.97.16.1536.
• Background Nonaka-Sarukawa M, Yamamoto K, Aoki H, Takano H, Katsuki T, Ikeda U, Shimada K. Increased urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane concentrations in patients with non-ischaemic congestive heart failure: a marker of oxidative stress. Heart. 2003 Aug;89(8):871-4. doi: 10.1136/heart.89.8.871.
• Background Mak S, Newton GE. The oxidative stress hypothesis of congestive heart failure: radical thoughts. Chest. 2001 Dec;120(6):2035-46. doi: 10.1378/chest.120.6.2035.
• Background Rouleau JL, Pitt B, Dhalla NS, Dhalla KS, Swedberg K, Hansen MS, Stanton E, Lapointe N, Packer M; Canadian Prospective RandOmized FlosequInan Longevity Evaluation Investigators. Prognostic importance of the oxidized product of catecholamines, adrenolutin, in patients with severe heart failure. Am Heart J. 2003 May;145(5):926-32. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8703(02)94782-4.
• Background Lopez Farre A, Casado S. Heart failure, redox alterations, and endothelial dysfunction. Hypertension. 2001 Dec 1;38(6):1400-5. doi: 10.1161/hy1201.099612.
• Background Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators; Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jan 20;342(3):145-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200001203420301.
• Background Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Held P, McMurray JJ, Michelson EL, Olofsson B, Ostergren J, Yusuf S, Pocock S; CHARM Investigators and Committees. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet. 2003 Sep 6;362(9386):759-66. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14282-1.
• Background Granger CB, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S, Held P, Michelson EL, Olofsson B, Ostergren J, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K; CHARM Investigators and Committees. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet. 2003 Sep 6;362(9386):772-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14284-5.
• Background Young JB, Dunlap ME, Pfeffer MA, Probstfield JL, Cohen-Solal A, Dietz R, Granger CB, Hradec J, Kuch J, McKelvie RS, McMurray JJ, Michelson EL, Olofsson B, Ostergren J, Held P, Solomon SD, Yusuf S, Swedberg K; Candesartan in Heart failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) Investigators and Committees. Mortality and morbidity reduction with Candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results of the CHARM low-left ventricular ejection fraction trials. Circulation. 2004 Oct 26;110(17):2618-26. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000146819.43235.A9. Epub 2004 Oct 18.
• Background Solomon SD, Wang D, Finn P, Skali H, Zornoff L, McMurray JJ, Swedberg K, Yusuf S, Granger CB, Michelson EL, Pocock S, Pfeffer MA. Effect of candesartan on cause-specific mortality in heart failure patients: the Candesartan in Heart failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. Circulation. 2004 Oct 12;110(15):2180-3. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000144474.65922.AA. Epub 2004 Oct 4.
• Background Wachtell K, Palmieri V, Olsen MH, Gerdts E, Papademetriou V, Nieminen MS, Smith G, Dahlof B, Aurigemma GP, Devereux RB. Change in systolic left ventricular performance after 3 years of antihypertensive treatment: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint (LIFE) Study. Circulation. 2002 Jul 9;106(2):227-32. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000021601.49664.2a.
• Background Rogers WJ, Bowlby LJ, Chandra NC, French WJ, Gore JM, Lambrew CT, Rubison RM, Tiefenbrunn AJ, Weaver WD. Treatment of myocardial infarction in the United States (1990 to 1993). Observations from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. Circulation. 1994 Oct;90(4):2103-14. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.90.4.2103.
• Background Chandra NC, Ziegelstein RC, Rogers WJ, Tiefenbrunn AJ, Gore JM, French WJ, Rubison M. Observations of the treatment of women in the United States with myocardial infarction: a report from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction-I. Arch Intern Med. 1998 May 11;158(9):981-8. doi: 10.1001/archinte.158.9.981.
• Background Taylor HA Jr, Canto JG, Sanderson B, Rogers WJ, Hilbe J. Management and outcomes for black patients with acute myocardial infarction in the reperfusion era. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Investigators. Am J Cardiol. 1998 Nov 1;82(9):1019-23. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00547-5.
• Background Rogers WJ, Canto JG, Lambrew CT, Tiefenbrunn AJ, Kinkaid B, Shoultz DA, Frederick PD, Every N. Temporal trends in the treatment of over 1.5 million patients with myocardial infarction in the US from 1990 through 1999: the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 1, 2 and 3. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Dec;36(7):2056-63. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00996-7.
• Background Rogers WJ, Canto JG, Barron HV, Boscarino JA, Shoultz DA, Every NR. Treatment and outcome of myocardial infarction in hospitals with and without invasive capability. Investigators in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Feb;35(2):371-9. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00505-7.

Drugs

Indications