A Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Trastuzumab+Docetaxel+NPLD+/-Bevacizumab in Her2-pos. Early Breast Cancer

Summary

Multicenter randomised phase II study of neoadjuvant therapy in HER2 positive early breast cancer. Primary aim is to evaluate the cardiac toxicity of the combined treatment (trastuzumab, docetaxel, bevacizumab, NPLD) in comparison to the standard therapy.

Timeline

Start

2011-06

Primary completion

2014-04

Completion

2014-04

Publications

• Background Chan S, Davidson N, Juozaityte E, Erdkamp F, Pluzanska A, Azarnia N, Lee LW. Phase III trial of liposomal doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide compared with epirubicin and cyclophosphamide as first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2004 Oct;15(10):1527-34. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdh393.
• Background Clark GM, Sledge GW Jr, Osborne CK, McGuire WL. Survival from first recurrence: relative importance of prognostic factors in 1,015 breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 1987 Jan;5(1):55-61. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.1.55.
• Background Cobleigh MA, Langmuir VK, Sledge GW, Miller KD, Haney L, Novotny WF, Reimann JD, Vassel A. A phase I/II dose-escalation trial of bevacizumab in previously treated metastatic breast cancer. Semin Oncol. 2003 Oct;30(5 Suppl 16):117-24. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.08.013.
• Background Coleman MP, Gatta G, Verdecchia A, Esteve J, Sant M, Storm H, Allemani C, Ciccolallo L, Santaquilani M, Berrino F; EUROCARE Working Group. EUROCARE-3 summary: cancer survival in Europe at the end of the 20th century. Ann Oncol. 2003;14 Suppl 5:v128-49. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdg756. No abstract available.
• Background Cortes J, Di Cosimo S, Climent MA, Cortes-Funes H, Lluch A, Gascon P, Mayordomo JI, Gil M, Benavides M, Cirera L, Ojeda B, Rodriguez CA, Trigo JM, Vazquez J, Regueiro P, Dorado JF, Baselga J; Spanish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group SOLTI. Nonpegylated liposomal doxorubicin (TLC-D99), paclitaxel, and trastuzumab in HER-2-overexpressing breast cancer: a multicenter phase I/II study. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jan 1;15(1):307-14. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1113.
• Background Crown J, O'Leary M, Ooi WS. Docetaxel and paclitaxel in the treatment of breast cancer: a review of clinical experience. Oncologist. 2004;9 Suppl 2:24-32. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.9-suppl_2-24.
• Background Eskens FA. Angiogenesis inhibitors in clinical development; where are we now and where are we going? Br J Cancer. 2004 Jan 12;90(1):1-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601401.
• Background Ferrara N, Davis-Smyth T. The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor. Endocr Rev. 1997 Feb;18(1):4-25. doi: 10.1210/edrv.18.1.0287. No abstract available.
• Background Ferrara N, Henzel WJ. Pituitary follicular cells secrete a novel heparin-binding growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Jun 15;161(2):851-8. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)92678-8.
• Background Ferrara N. Vascular endothelial growth factor as a target for anticancer therapy. Oncologist. 2004;9 Suppl 1:2-10. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.9-suppl_1-2.
• Background Folkman J. What is the role of thymidine phosphorylase in tumor angiogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996 Aug 21;88(16):1091-2. doi: 10.1093/jnci/88.16.1091. No abstract available.
• Background Fountzilas G, Razis E, Tsavdaridis D, Karina M, Labropoulos S, Christodoulou C, Mavroudis D, Gogas H, Georgoulias V, Skarlos D. Continuation of trastuzumab beyond disease progression is feasible and safe in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a retrospective analysis of 80 cases by the hellenic cooperative oncology group. Clin Breast Cancer. 2003 Jun;4(2):120-5. doi: 10.3816/cbc.2003.n.017.
• Background Gelmon KA, Mackey J, Verma S, Gertler SZ, Bangemann N, Klimo P, Schneeweiss A, Bremer K, Soulieres D, Tonkin K, Bell R, Heinrich B, Grenier D, Dias R. Use of trastuzumab beyond disease progression: observations from a retrospective review of case histories. Clin Breast Cancer. 2004 Apr;5(1):52-8; discussion 59-62. doi: 10.3816/cbc.2004.n.010.
• Background Gerber HP, Ferrara N. Pharmacology and pharmacodynamics of bevacizumab as monotherapy or in combination with cytotoxic therapy in preclinical studies. Cancer Res. 2005 Feb 1;65(3):671-80.
• Background Giordano SH, Duan Z, Kuo YF, Hortobagyi GN, Freeman J, Goodwin JS. Impact of a scientific presentation on community treatment patterns for primary breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Mar 15;98(6):382-8. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djj090.
• Background Greene FL, Page DL Fleming ID et al. eds. AJCC Cancer Staging Handbook. 6th Edition. 2002; Springer
• Background Griffiths L, Dachs GU, Bicknell R, Harris AL, Stratford IJ. The influence of oxygen tension and pH on the expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase in human breast tumor cells grown in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res. 1997 Feb 15;57(4):570-2.
• Background Harris L, Batist G, Belt R, Rovira D, Navari R, Azarnia N, Welles L, Winer E; TLC D-99 Study Group. Liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin compared with conventional doxorubicin in a randomized multicenter trial as first-line therapy of metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2002 Jan 1;94(1):25-36. doi: 10.1002/cncr.10201.
• Background Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM. Role of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in tumor growth and angiogenesis. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Feb 10;23(5):1011-27. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.06.081. Epub 2004 Dec 7.
• Background Bonneterre ME, Bonneterre J. Reply to the article
• Background Hirsh J, Raschke R. Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004 Sep;126(3 Suppl):188S-203S. doi: 10.1378/chest.126.3_suppl.188S.
• Background Hotchkiss KA, Ashton AW, Mahmood R, Russell RG, Sparano JA, Schwartz EL. Inhibition of endothelial cell function in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo by docetaxel (Taxotere): association with impaired repositioning of the microtubule organizing center. Mol Cancer Ther. 2002 Nov;1(13):1191-200.
• Background Itakura J, Ishiwata T, Shen B, Kornmann M, Korc M. Concomitant over-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer. 2000 Jan 1;85(1):27-34. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(20000101)85:13.0.co;2-8.
• Background Izumi Y, Xu L, di Tomaso E, Fukumura D, Jain RK. Tumour biology: herceptin acts as an anti-angiogenic cocktail. Nature. 2002 Mar 21;416(6878):279-80. doi: 10.1038/416279b.
• Background Jain D. Cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin and other anthracycline derivatives. J Nucl Cardiol. 2000 Jan-Feb;7(1):53-62. doi: 10.1067/mnc.2000.103324. No abstract available.
• Background Jain RK. Normalizing tumor vasculature with anti-angiogenic therapy: a new paradigm for combination therapy. Nat Med. 2001 Sep;7(9):987-9. doi: 10.1038/nm0901-987. No abstract available.
• Background Jiang BH, Agani F, Passaniti A, Semenza GL. V-SRC induces expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and transcription of genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and enolase 1: involvement of HIF-1 in tumor progression. Cancer Res. 1997 Dec 1;57(23):5328-35.
• Background Jones SE, Erban J, Overmoyer B, Budd GT, Hutchins L, Lower E, Laufman L, Sundaram S, Urba WJ, Pritchard KI, Mennel R, Richards D, Olsen S, Meyers ML, Ravdin PM. Randomized phase III study of docetaxel compared with paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug 20;23(24):5542-51. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.02.027.
• Background Kerbel RS, Kamen BA. The anti-angiogenic basis of metronomic chemotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004 Jun;4(6):423-36. doi: 10.1038/nrc1369. No abstract available.
• Background Kieser A, Weich HA, Brandner G, Marme D, Kolch W. Mutant p53 potentiates protein kinase C induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Oncogene. 1994 Mar;9(3):963-9.
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• Background Klement G, Baruchel S, Rak J, Man S, Clark K, Hicklin DJ, Bohlen P, Kerbel RS. Continuous low-dose therapy with vinblastine and VEGF receptor-2 antibody induces sustained tumor regression without overt toxicity. J Clin Invest. 2000 Apr;105(8):R15-24. doi: 10.1172/JCI8829.
• Background Konecny GE, Meng YG, Untch M, Wang HJ, Bauerfeind I, Epstein M, Stieber P, Vernes JM, Gutierrez J, Hong K, Beryt M, Hepp H, Slamon DJ, Pegram MD. Association between HER-2/neu and vascular endothelial growth factor expression predicts clinical outcome in primary breast cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Mar 1;10(5):1706-16. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-0951-3.
• Background Lee CG, Heijn M, di Tomaso E, Griffon-Etienne G, Ancukiewicz M, Koike C, Park KR, Ferrara N, Jain RK, Suit HD, Boucher Y. Anti-Vascular endothelial growth factor treatment augments tumor radiation response under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Cancer Res. 2000 Oct 1;60(19):5565-70.
• Background Leyland-Jones B, Gelmon K, Ayoub JP, Arnold A, Verma S, Dias R, Ghahramani P. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of trastuzumab administered every three weeks in combination with paclitaxel. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Nov 1;21(21):3965-71. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2003.12.109. Epub 2003 Sep 24.
• Background Linderholm BK, Lindahl T, Holmberg L, Klaar S, Lennerstrand J, Henriksson R, Bergh J. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor correlates with mutant p53 and poor prognosis in human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2001 Mar 1;61(5):2256-60.
• Background Liu CD, Tilch L, Kwan D, McFadden DW. Vascular endothelial growth factor is increased in ascites from metastatic pancreatic cancer. J Surg Res. 2002 Jan;102(1):31-4. doi: 10.1006/jsre.2001.6307.
• Background Marty M, Espie M, Cottu PH, Cuvier C, Lerebours F. Optimizing chemotherapy for patients with advanced breast cancer. Oncology. 1999 Jul;57 Suppl 1:21-6. doi: 10.1159/000055265.
• Background Marty M, Cognetti F, Maraninchi D, Snyder R, Mauriac L, Tubiana-Hulin M, Chan S, Grimes D, Anton A, Lluch A, Kennedy J, O'Byrne K, Conte P, Green M, Ward C, Mayne K, Extra JM. Randomized phase II trial of the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab combined with docetaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer administered as first-line treatment: the M77001 study group. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jul 1;23(19):4265-74. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.04.173. Epub 2005 May 23.
• Background Mayer LD, Tai LC, Ko DS, Masin D, Ginsberg RS, Cullis PR, Bally MB. Influence of vesicle size, lipid composition, and drug-to-lipid ratio on the biological activity of liposomal doxorubicin in mice. Cancer Res. 1989 Nov 1;49(21):5922-30.
• Background Menard S, Casalini P, Tomasic G, Pilotti S, Cascinelli N, Bufalino R, Perrone F, Longhi C, Rilke F, Colnaghi MI. Pathobiologic identification of two distinct breast carcinoma subsets with diverging clinical behaviors. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1999 May;55(2):169-77. doi: 10.1023/a:1006262324959.
• Background Miller KD, Chap LI, Holmes FA, Cobleigh MA, Marcom PK, Fehrenbacher L, Dickler M, Overmoyer BA, Reimann JD, Sing AP, Langmuir V, Rugo HS. Randomized phase III trial of capecitabine compared with bevacizumab plus capecitabine in patients with previously treated metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Feb 1;23(4):792-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.098.
• Background Miller K, Wang M, Gralow J, Dickler M, Cobleigh M, Perez EA, Shenkier T, Cella D, Davidson NE. Paclitaxel plus bevacizumab versus paclitaxel alone for metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007 Dec 27;357(26):2666-76. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa072113.
• Background Miwa M, Ura M, Nishida M, Sawada N, Ishikawa T, Mori K, Shimma N, Umeda I, Ishitsuka H. Design of a novel oral fluoropyrimidine carbamate, capecitabine, which generates 5-fluorouracil selectively in tumours by enzymes concentrated in human liver and cancer tissue. Eur J Cancer. 1998 Jul;34(8):1274-81. doi: 10.1016/s0959-8049(98)00058-6.
• Background Moghaddam A, Zhang HT, Fan TP, Hu DE, Lees VC, Turley H, Fox SB, Gatter KC, Harris AL, Bicknell R. Thymidine phosphorylase is angiogenic and promotes tumor growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Feb 14;92(4):998-1002. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.4.998.
• Background Mross K, Niemann B, Massing U, Drevs J, Unger C, Bhamra R, Swenson CE. Pharmacokinetics of liposomal doxorubicin (TLC-D99; Myocet) in patients with solid tumors: an open-label, single-dose study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2004 Dec;54(6):514-24. doi: 10.1007/s00280-004-0825-y. Epub 2004 Aug 21.
• Background Mukhopadhyay D, Tsiokas L, Sukhatme VP. Wild-type p53 and v-Src exert opposing influences on human vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression. Cancer Res. 1995 Dec 15;55(24):6161-5.
• Background Paterson MC, Dietrich KD, Danyluk J, Paterson AH, Lees AW, Jamil N, Hanson J, Jenkins H, Krause BE, McBlain WA, et al. Correlation between c-erbB-2 amplification and risk of recurrent disease in node-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res. 1991 Jan 15;51(2):556-67.
• Background Petit AM, Rak J, Hung MC, Rockwell P, Goldstein N, Fendly B, Kerbel RS. Neutralizing antibodies against epidermal growth factor and ErbB-2/neu receptor tyrosine kinases down-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor production by tumor cells in vitro and in vivo: angiogenic implications for signal transduction therapy of solid tumors. Am J Pathol. 1997 Dec;151(6):1523-30.
• Background Piccart M. Treatment of advanced breast cancer: current status. Anticancer Drugs. 1996 Aug;7 Suppl 2:5-7.
• Background Piccart MJ, Di Leo A. Future perspectives of docetaxel (Taxotere) in front-line therapy. Semin Oncol. 1997 Aug;24(4 Suppl 10):S10-27-S10-33.
• Background Rak J, Mitsuhashi Y, Bayko L, Filmus J, Shirasawa S, Sasazuki T, Kerbel RS. Mutant ras oncogenes upregulate VEGF/VPF expression: implications for induction and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 1995 Oct 15;55(20):4575-80.
• Background Ramaswamy B, Elias AD, Kelbick NT, Dodley A, Morrow M, Hauger M, Allen J, Rhoades C, Kendra K, Chen HX, Eckhardt SG, Shapiro CL. Phase II trial of bevacizumab in combination with weekly docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 May 15;12(10):3124-9. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2603.
• Background Relf M, LeJeune S, Scott PA, Fox S, Smith K, Leek R, Moghaddam A, Whitehouse R, Bicknell R, Harris AL. Expression of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial cell growth factor, acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor, tumor growth factor beta-1, platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, placenta growth factor, and pleiotrophin in human primary breast cancer and its relation to angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 1997 Mar 1;57(5):963-9.
• Background Romond EH, Perez EA, Bryant J, Suman VJ, Geyer CE Jr, Davidson NE, Tan-Chiu E, Martino S, Paik S, Kaufman PA, Swain SM, Pisansky TM, Fehrenbacher L, Kutteh LA, Vogel VG, Visscher DW, Yothers G, Jenkins RB, Brown AM, Dakhil SR, Mamounas EP, Lingle WL, Klein PM, Ingle JN, Wolmark N. Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005 Oct 20;353(16):1673-84. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa052122.
• Background Ross JS, Fletcher JA. The HER-2/neu oncogene in breast cancer: prognostic factor, predictive factor, and target for therapy. Stem Cells. 1998;16(6):413-28. doi: 10.1002/stem.160413.
• Background Schaller G, Fuchs I, Gonsch T, Weber J, Kleine-Tebbe A, Klare P, Hindenburg HJ, Lakner V, Hinke A, Bangemann N. Phase II study of capecitabine plus trastuzumab in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer pretreated with anthracyclines or taxanes. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Aug 1;25(22):3246-50. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.6826. Epub 2007 Jun 18.
• Background Shaked Y, Bertolini F, Man S, Rogers MS, Cervi D, Foutz T, Rawn K, Voskas D, Dumont DJ, Ben-David Y, Lawler J, Henkin J, Huber J, Hicklin DJ, D'Amato RJ, Kerbel RS. Genetic heterogeneity of the vasculogenic phenotype parallels angiogenesis; Implications for cellular surrogate marker analysis of antiangiogenesis. Cancer Cell. 2005 Jan;7(1):101-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.11.023.
• Background Sliwkowski MX, Lofgren JA, Lewis GD, Hotaling TE, Fendly BM, Fox JA. Nonclinical studies addressing the mechanism of action of trastuzumab (Herceptin). Semin Oncol. 1999 Aug;26(4 Suppl 12):60-70.
• Background Stemmler HJ, Kahlert S, Siekiera W, Untch M, Heinrich B, Heinemann V. Prolonged survival of patients receiving trastuzumab beyond disease progression for HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Onkologie. 2005 Nov;28(11):582-6. doi: 10.1159/000088296.
• Background Sumizawa T, Furukawa T, Haraguchi M, Yoshimura A, Takeyasu A, Ishizawa M, Yamada Y, Akiyama S. Thymidine phosphorylase activity associated with platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor. J Biochem. 1993 Jul;114(1):9-14. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124146.
• Background Sweeney CJ, Miller KD, Sissons SE, Nozaki S, Heilman DK, Shen J, Sledge GW Jr. The antiangiogenic property of docetaxel is synergistic with a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor or 2-methoxyestradiol but antagonized by endothelial growth factors. Cancer Res. 2001 Apr 15;61(8):3369-72.
• Background Swenson CE, Bolcsak LE, Batist G, Guthrie TH Jr, Tkaczuk KH, Boxenbaum H, Welles L, Chow SC, Bhamra R, Chaikin P. Pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin administered i.v. as Myocet (TLC D-99; liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin citrate) compared with conventional doxorubicin when given in combination with cyclophosphamide in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Anticancer Drugs. 2003 Mar;14(3):239-46. doi: 10.1097/00001813-200303000-00008.
• Background Theodoulou M, Batist G, Campos S, Winer E, Welles L, Hudis C. Phase I study of nonpegylated liposomal doxorubicin plus trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2009 May;9(2):101-7. doi: 10.3816/CBC.2009.n.019.
• Background Toi M, Hoshina S, Taniguchi T, Yamamoto Y, Ishitsuka H, Tominaga T. Expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase in human breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 1995 Apr 21;64(2):79-82. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910640202.
• Background Tong RT, Boucher Y, Kozin SV, Winkler F, Hicklin DJ, Jain RK. Vascular normalization by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 blockade induces a pressure gradient across the vasculature and improves drug penetration in tumors. Cancer Res. 2004 Jun 1;64(11):3731-6. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0074.
• Background Tripathy D, Slamon DJ, Cobleigh M, Arnold A, Saleh M, Mortimer JE, Murphy M, Stewart SJ. Safety of treatment of metastatic breast cancer with trastuzumab beyond disease progression. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Mar 15;22(6):1063-70. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2004.06.557.
• Background Vukelja SJ, Lombardo FA, James WD, Weiss RB. Pyridoxine for the palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1989 Oct 15;111(8):688-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-111-8-688. No abstract available.
• Background Vukelja SJ, Baker WJ, Burris HA 3rd, Keeling JH, Von Hoff D. Pyridoxine therapy for palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia associated with taxotere. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Sep 1;85(17):1432-3. doi: 10.1093/jnci/85.17.1432. No abstract available.
• Background Warren RS, Yuan H, Matli MR, Gillett NA, Ferrara N. Regulation by vascular endothelial growth factor of human colon cancer tumorigenesis in a mouse model of experimental liver metastasis. J Clin Invest. 1995 Apr;95(4):1789-97. doi: 10.1172/JCI117857.
• Background Xeloda® (Capecitabine) Investigator Brochure, 9th Version August 2007
• Background Yap R, Veliceasa D, Emmenegger U, Kerbel RS, McKay LM, Henkin J, Volpert OV. Metronomic low-dose chemotherapy boosts CD95-dependent antiangiogenic effect of the thrombospondin peptide ABT-510: a complementation antiangiogenic strategy. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Sep 15;11(18):6678-85. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0621.
• Background Yen L, You XL, Al Moustafa AE, Batist G, Hynes NE, Mader S, Meloche S, Alaoui-Jamali MA. Heregulin selectively upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor secretion in cancer cells and stimulates angiogenesis. Oncogene. 2000 Jul 20;19(31):3460-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203685.
• Results Amadori D, Gasparini G, Ardizzoni A, Comella G, Saracchini S, Barone C, Bordonaro R, et al. Phase II study of liposomal doxorubicin (Myocet®), docetaxel and trastuzumab combination as first line treatment of patients with HER-2/neu positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res 2009; 69 (Suppl.): (2).January 15, 3149
• Results Ansell J, Hirsh J, Poller L, Bussey H, Jacobson A, Hylek E. The pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004 Sep;126(3 Suppl):204S-233S. doi: 10.1378/chest.126.3_suppl.204S.
• Results Antón A, Ruiz-Simón A, Plazaola A, Calvo L, Segui M. A, Santabella A, Muňoz M, et al. Phase II study of a 3-weekly liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin/docetaxel/pegfilgrastim in combination with weekly trastuzumab as primary treatment in HER2 positive (HER+) early stage cancer patients (II-IIIa). GEICAM 2003-03 study. Cancer Res 2009; 69 (Suppl.): (2).January 15, 5117
• Results Avastin® (Bevacizumab) Investigator Brochure, Fifteenth Version: November 2007
• Results Balazsovits JA, Mayer LD, Bally MB, Cullis PR, McDonell M, Ginsberg RS, Falk RE. Analysis of the effect of liposome encapsulation on the vesicant properties, acute and cardiac toxicities, and antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1989;23(2):81-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00273522.
• Results Bartsch R, Wenzel C, Hussian D, Pluschnig U, Sevelda U, Koestler W, Altorjai G, Locker GJ, Mader R, Zielinski CC, Steger GG. Analysis of trastuzumab and chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer after the failure of at least one earlier combination: an observational study. BMC Cancer. 2006 Mar 15;6:63. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-63.
• Results Bartsch R, Wenzel C, Altorjai G, Pluschnig U, Rudas M, Mader RM, Gnant M, Zielinski CC, Steger GG. Capecitabine and trastuzumab in heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Sep 1;25(25):3853-8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.11.9776. Epub 2007 Aug 6.
• Results Barton GJ, Ponting CP, Spraggon G, Finnis C, Sleep D. Human platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor is homologous to Escherichia coli thymidine phosphorylase. Protein Sci. 1992 May;1(5):688-90. doi: 10.1002/pro.5560010514. No abstract available.
• Results Batist G, Ramakrishnan G, Rao CS, Chandrasekharan A, Gutheil J, Guthrie T, Shah P, Khojasteh A, Nair MK, Hoelzer K, Tkaczuk K, Park YC, Lee LW. Reduced cardiotoxicity and preserved antitumor efficacy of liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide compared with conventional doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in a randomized, multicenter trial of metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Mar 1;19(5):1444-54. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.5.1444.
• Results Bertolini F, Paul S, Mancuso P, Monestiroli S, Gobbi A, Shaked Y, Kerbel RS. Maximum tolerable dose and low-dose metronomic chemotherapy have opposite effects on the mobilization and viability of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Cancer Res. 2003 Aug 1;63(15):4342-6.
• Results Blum JL, Dieras V, Lo Russo PM, Horton J, Rutman O, Buzdar A, Osterwalder B. Multicenter, Phase II study of capecitabine in taxane-pretreated metastatic breast carcinoma patients. Cancer. 2001 Oct 1;92(7):1759-68. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(20011001)92:73.0.co;2-a.
• Results Blum JL, Jones SE, Buzdar AU, LoRusso PM, Kuter I, Vogel C, Osterwalder B, Burger HU, Brown CS, Griffin T. Multicenter phase II study of capecitabine in paclitaxel-refractory metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Feb;17(2):485-93. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.2.485.
• Results Borgstrom P, Gold DP, Hillan KJ, Ferrara N. Importance of VEGF for breast cancer angiogenesis in vivo: implications from intravital microscopy of combination treatments with an anti-VEGF neutralizing monoclonal antibody and doxorubicin. Anticancer Res. 1999 Sep-Oct;19(5B):4203-14.
• Results Budman DR, Meropol NJ, Reigner B, Creaven PJ, Lichtman SM, Berghorn E, Behr J, Gordon RJ, Osterwalder B, Griffin T. Preliminary studies of a novel oral fluoropyrimidine carbamate: capecitabine. J Clin Oncol. 1998 May;16(5):1795-802. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.5.1795.
• Results Phase II trial of the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab in combination with vinorelbine for refractory advanced breast cancer [abstract 446]. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002;76:S115
• Results Browder T, Butterfield CE, Kraling BM, Shi B, Marshall B, O'Reilly MS, Folkman J. Antiangiogenic scheduling of chemotherapy improves efficacy against experimental drug-resistant cancer. Cancer Res. 2000 Apr 1;60(7):1878-86.
• Results Chan S, Friedrichs K, Noel D, Pinter T, Van Belle S, Vorobiof D, Duarte R, Gil Gil M, Bodrogi I, Murray E, Yelle L, von Minckwitz G, Korec S, Simmonds P, Buzzi F, Gonzalez Mancha R, Richardson G, Walpole E, Ronzoni M, Murawsky M, Alakl M, Riva A, Crown J; 303 Study Group. Prospective randomized trial of docetaxel versus doxorubicin in patients with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Aug;17(8):2341-54. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.8.2341.
• Results Epstein M, Ayala R, Tchekmedyian N et al. HER-2/neu-overexpressing human breast cancer xenografts exhibit increased angiogenic potential mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2002; 76: S143
• Results Extra JM, Antoine EC, Vincent-Salomon A et al. Favourable effect of trastuzumab (Herceptin®) treatment in metastatic breast cancer patients: results from the French Hermine cohort study. Poster presentation, 2006 SABCS, San Antonio, Texas
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• Results Herceptin® (Trastuzumab) Investigator Brochure, Version: October 5, 2007
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