14-day Quadruple Hybrid vs. Concomitant Therapies for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication

Summary

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects approximately 50% of the adult population and is well recognized as the main cause of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The cure of the H. pylori infection prevents recurrence of duodenal and gastric ulcer and improves dyspepsia in a significant proportion of cases, so it is cost-effective. Eradication therapy has changed over time. Recent meta-analyses have that the current global eradication rate after standard triple therapy (STT) is less than 80%. Several European studies have found even lower eradication rates, with 35-40% of cases resulting in treatment failure, probably due to increased resistance to antibiotics in many geographical areas, principally to clarithromycin. The usually recommended pattern in the American and European (Maastricht III) consensus conferences from 2007 has traditionally been triple therapy, composed by the combination of 2 antibiotics (clarithromycin plus amoxicillin or metronidazole) and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for 7-14 days. However, triple therapy was discouraged in settings with high rates of clarithromycin resistance (15-20%) and, as such, new strategies in order to improve the efficacy of first-line treatments are required. Treatment failure increases antibiotic resistant strains, leads to a second treatment and a new diagnostic test to confirm eradication. Unfortunately, it remains unknown whether there is room for improvement in these geographical areas using clarithromycin-containing therapies or switching to bismuth quadruple therapy should be followed instead.

Timeline

Start

2011-09

Primary completion

2012-12

Completion

2013-01

Publications

• Background Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain C, Bazzoli F, El-Omar E, Graham D, Hunt R, Rokkas T, Vakil N, Kuipers EJ. Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: the Maastricht III Consensus Report. Gut. 2007 Jun;56(6):772-81. doi: 10.1136/gut.2006.101634. Epub 2006 Dec 14.
• Background Chey WD, Wong BC; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. American College of Gastroenterology guideline on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007 Aug;102(8):1808-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01393.x. Epub 2007 Jun 29.
• Background Graham DY, Shiotani A. New concepts of resistance in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Jun;5(6):321-31. doi: 10.1038/ncpgasthep1138. Epub 2008 Apr 29.
• Background Megraud F. H pylori antibiotic resistance: prevalence, importance, and advances in testing. Gut. 2004 Sep;53(9):1374-84. doi: 10.1136/gut.2003.022111. No abstract available.
• Background Graham DY, Fischbach L. Helicobacter pylori treatment in the era of increasing antibiotic resistance. Gut. 2010 Aug;59(8):1143-53. doi: 10.1136/gut.2009.192757. Epub 2010 Jun 4.
• Background Zullo A, De Francesco V, Hassan C, Morini S, Vaira D. The sequential therapy regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a pooled-data analysis. Gut. 2007 Oct;56(10):1353-7. doi: 10.1136/gut.2007.125658. Epub 2007 Jun 12.
• Background Jafri NS, Hornung CA, Howden CW. Meta-analysis: sequential therapy appears superior to standard therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in patients naive to treatment. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Jun 17;148(12):923-31. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-148-12-200806170-00226. Epub 2008 May 19.
• Background Tong JL, Ran ZH, Shen J, Xiao SD. Sequential therapy vs. standard triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection: a meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2009 Feb;34(1):41-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00969.x.
• Background Gatta L, Vakil N, Leandro G, Di Mario F, Vaira D. Sequential therapy or triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in adults and children. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Dec;104(12):3069-79; quiz 1080. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.555. Epub 2009 Oct 20.
• Background Gisbert JP, Calvet X, O'Connor A, Megraud F, O'Morain CA. Sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a critical review. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010 May-Jun;44(5):313-25. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181c8a1a3.
• Background Gisbert JP, Nyssen OP, McNicholl A, et al. Meta-analysis of sequential vs. standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Helicobacter 2011;16 (Suppl 1):131.
• Background Prieto-Jimenez CA, Cardenas VM, Fischbach LA, Mulla ZD, Rivera JO, Dominguez DC, Graham DY, Ortiz M. Double-blind randomized trial of quadruple sequential Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in asymptomatic infected children in El Paso, Texas. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Mar;52(3):319-25. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318206870e.
• Background Bontems P, Kalach N, Oderda G, Salame A, Muyshont L, Miendje DY, Raymond J, Cadranel S, Scaillon M. Sequential therapy versus tailored triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Dec;53(6):646-50. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318229c769.
• Background Molina-Infante J, Perez-Gallardo B, Fernandez-Bermejo M, Hernandez-Alonso M, Vinagre G, Duenas C, Mateos-Rodriguez JM, Gonzalez-Garcia G, Abadia EG, Gisbert JP. Clinical trial: clarithromycin vs. levofloxacin in first-line triple and sequential regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 May;31(10):1077-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04274.x. Epub 2010 Feb 20.
• Background Choi WH, Park DI, Oh SJ, Baek YH, Hong CH, Hong EJ, Song MJ, Park SK, Park JH, Kim HJ, Cho YK, Sohn CI, Jeon WK, Kim BI. [Effectiveness of 10 day-sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Korea]. Korean J Gastroenterol. 2008 May;51(5):280-4. Korean.
• Background Remes-Troche JM, Alarcon-Rivera G, Ramos-de la Medina A, et al. Sequential therapy vs standard triple therapy as treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. A prospective, randomized, parallel-group, open-label study in Mexico. Gastroenterology 2010;138:S-336.
• Background Romano M, Cuomo A, Gravina AG, Miranda A, Iovene MR, Tiso A, Sica M, Rocco A, Salerno R, Marmo R, Federico A, Nardone G. Empirical levofloxacin-containing versus clarithromycin-containing sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomised trial. Gut. 2010 Nov;59(11):1465-70. doi: 10.1136/gut.2010.215350.
• Background Wu DC, Hsu PI, Wu JY, Opekun AR, Kuo CH, Wu IC, Wang SS, Chen A, Hung WC, Graham DY. Sequential and concomitant therapy with four drugs is equally effective for eradication of H pylori infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Jan;8(1):36-41.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.030. Epub 2009 Oct 3.
• Background Sirimontaporn N, Thong-Ngam D, Tumwasorn S, Mahachai V. Ten-day sequential therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection in Thailand. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 May;105(5):1071-5. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.708. Epub 2009 Dec 15.
• Background Mahachai V, Sirimontaporn N, Tumwasorn S, Thong-Ngam D, Vilaichone RK. Sequential therapy in clarithromycin-sensitive and -resistant Helicobacter pylori based on polymerase chain reaction molecular test. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 May;26(5):825-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06660.x.
• Background Vaira D, Zullo A, Vakil N, Gatta L, Ricci C, Perna F, Hassan C, Bernabucci V, Tampieri A, Morini S. Sequential therapy versus standard triple-drug therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Apr 17;146(8):556-63. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-146-8-200704170-00006.
• Background Gisbert JP, Calvet X. Review article: non-bismuth quadruple (concomitant) therapy for eradication of Helicobater pylori. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Sep;34(6):604-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04770.x. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
• Background Molina-Infante J, Pazos-Pacheco MC, Perez-Gallardo B, et al. Efficacy of non-bismuth quadruple "concomitant" therapy for H. pylori infection in a setting with high clarithromycin resistance. Gastroenterology 2011; Suppl 1:S-880.
• Background Hsu PI, Wu DC, Wu JY, Graham DY. Modified sequential Helicobacter pylori therapy: proton pump inhibitor and amoxicillin for 14 days with clarithromycin and metronidazole added as a quadruple (hybrid) therapy for the final 7 days. Helicobacter. 2011 Apr;16(2):139-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00828.x.
• Background Malfertheiner P, Bazzoli F, Delchier JC, Celinski K, Giguere M, Riviere M, Megraud F; Pylera Study Group. Helicobacter pylori eradication with a capsule containing bismuth subcitrate potassium, metronidazole, and tetracycline given with omeprazole versus clarithromycin-based triple therapy: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011 Mar 12;377(9769):905-13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60020-2. Epub 2011 Feb 21.
• Background Dore MP, Farina V, Cuccu M, Mameli L, Massarelli G, Graham DY. Twice-a-day bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized trial of 10 and 14 days. Helicobacter. 2011 Aug;16(4):295-300. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00857.x.
• Background Villoria A, Garcia P, Calvet X, Gisbert JP, Vergara M. Meta-analysis: high-dose proton pump inhibitors vs. standard dose in triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Oct 1;28(7):868-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03807.x. Epub 2008 Jul 17.
• Molina-Infante J, Romano M, Fernandez-Bermejo M, Federico A, Gravina AG, Pozzati L, Garcia-Abadia E, Vinagre-Rodriguez G, Martinez-Alcala C, Hernandez-Alonso M, Miranda A, Iovene MR, Pazos-Pacheco C, Gisbert JP. Optimized nonbismuth quadruple therapies cure most patients with Helicobacter pylori infection in populations with high rates of antibiotic resistance. Gastroenterology. 2013 Jul;145(1):121-128.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.03.050. Epub 2013 Apr 3.

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