A Comparative Effectiveness & Long Term Health Study in Wisconsin Smokers
Summary
The overall purpose of this research is two-fold. First, the two smoking cessation medication treatments with the strongest evidence of effectiveness have never been directly compared. This research will determine how these two treatments compare in effectiveness in a head-to-head trial, and which types of smokers benefit most from each. Second, much of the data on smoking and health come from studies from many years ago. Today's smokers differ from earlier smokers in many ways that could influence the impact of smoking on health (e.g., weight, sex, diet, socio-economic status); the proposed work will determine how smoking cessation affects cardiovascular and pulmonary health in today's smokers.
Timeline
- Start
- 2012-05
- Primary completion
- 2015-11
- Completion
- 2017-08
Outcome
Missed primary endpoint
registry analysis (superiority test); Effectiveness of Nicotine Patch Only vs Effectiveness of Combination NRT; p = .3623; Odds Ratio (OR) 1.2 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.7); NCT01553084 ↗
registry analysis (superiority test); Effectiveness of Nicotine Patch Only vs Effectiveness of Varenicline [Chantix]; p = .1947; Odds Ratio (OR) 0.9 (95% CI 0.6 to 1.2); NCT01553084 ↗
paper Treatments did not differ on any abstinence outcome measure at 26 or 52 weeks, including point-prevalence abstinence at 26 weeks PMID 26813210 ↗
Publications
- Results Baker TB, Piper ME, Stein JH, Smith SS, Bolt DM, Fraser DL, Fiore MC. Effects of Nicotine Patch vs Varenicline vs Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Smoking Cessation at 26 Weeks: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016 Jan 26;315(4):371-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.19284.
- Theodoulou A, Fanshawe TR, Leavens E, Theodoulou E, Wu AD, Heath L, Stewart C, Nollen N, Ahluwalia JS, Butler AR, Hajizadeh A, Thomas J, Lindson N, Hartmann-Boyce J. Differences in the effectiveness of individual-level smoking cessation interventions by socioeconomic status. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025 Jan 27;1(1):CD015120. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015120.pub2.
- Livingstone-Banks J, Fanshawe TR, Thomas KH, Theodoulou A, Hajizadeh A, Hartman L, Lindson N. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 May 5;5(5):CD006103. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub8.
- Karim R, Xu W, Kono N, Sriprasert I, Li Y, Yan M, Stanczyk FZ, Shoupe D, Mack WJ, Hodis HN. Effect of menopausal hormone therapy on arterial wall echomorphology: Results from the Early versus Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol (ELITE). Maturitas. 2022 Aug;162:15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.02.007. Epub 2022 Mar 17.
- Kaye JT, Johnson AL, Baker TB, Piper ME, Cook JW. Searching for Personalized Medicine for Binge Drinking Smokers: Smoking Cessation Using Varenicline, Nicotine Patch, or Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2020 Jul;81(4):426-435. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2020.81.426.
- Mitchell C, Piper ME, Smith SS, Korcarz CE, Fiore MC, Baker TB, Stein JH. Changes in carotid artery structure with smoking cessation. Vasc Med. 2019 Dec;24(6):493-500. doi: 10.1177/1358863X19867762. Epub 2019 Aug 17.
- Schlam TR, Baker TB, Smith SS, Cook JW, Piper ME. Anxiety Sensitivity and Distress Tolerance in Smokers: Relations With Tobacco Dependence, Withdrawal, and Quitting Successdagger. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 Jan 27;22(1):58-65. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntz070.
Drugs
| Evaluation | Drug | Modality | Dose | Route |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Nicotine Patch | Unknown | 21 mg | — |
| Subject | Nicotine lozenge | Other / unclassified | 2 mg | — |
| Subject | Nicotine lozenge | Other / unclassified | 4 mg | — |
| Subject | Varenicline | Small molecule | 1 mg | — |