Acute Medically Ill VTE Prevention With Extended Duration Betrixaban Study (The APEX Study)

Summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether extended prophylaxis with oral betrixaban can prevent blood clots in the leg and lung that sometime occur in patients hospitalized for an acute medical illness and to compare these results with standard of care enoxaparin. The safety of betrixaban will also be studied.

Timeline

Start

2012-03

Primary completion

2015-12

Completion

2016-01

Publications

• Chi G, Violi F, Pignatelli P, Vestri A, Spagnoli A, Loffredo L, Hernandez AF, Hull RD, Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Goldhaber SZ, Gibson CM. External validation of the ADA score for predicting thrombosis among acutely ill hospitalized medical patients from the APEX Trial. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2023 Feb;55(2):211-221. doi: 10.1007/s11239-022-02757-8. Epub 2022 Dec 24.
• Jamil A, Jamil U, Singh K, Khan F, Chi G. Extended Thromboprophylaxis With Betrixaban or Rivaroxaban for Acutely Ill Hospitalized Medical Patients: Meta-Analysis of Prespecified Subgroups. Crit Pathw Cardiol. 2021 Mar 1;20(1):16-24. doi: 10.1097/HPC.0000000000000232.
• Yee MK, Gibson CM, Nafee T, Kerneis M, Daaboul Y, Korjian S, Chi G, AlKhalfan F, Hernandez AF, Hull RD, Cohen AT, Goldhaber SZ. Characterization of Major and Clinically Relevant Non-Major Bleeds in the APEX Trial. TH Open. 2019 Apr 17;3(2):e103-e108. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1685496. eCollection 2019 Apr.
• Guy H, Laskier V, Fisher M, Bucior I, Deitelzweig S, Cohen AT. Budget impact analysis of betrixaban for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in nonsurgical patients with acute medical illness in the United Kingdom. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2020 Jun;20(3):259-267. doi: 10.1080/14737167.2019.1629905. Epub 2019 Jun 19.
• Chi G, Gibson CM, Kalayci A, Cohen AT, Hernandez AF, Hull RD, Kahe F, Jafarizade M, Sharfaei S, Liu Y, Harrington RA, Goldhaber SZ. Extended-duration betrixaban versus shorter-duration enoxaparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in critically ill medical patients: an APEX trial substudy. Intensive Care Med. 2019 Apr;45(4):477-487. doi: 10.1007/s00134-019-05565-6. Epub 2019 Feb 18.
• Kalayci A, Gibson CM, Chi G, Yee MK, Korjian S, Datta S, Nafee T, Gurin M, Haroian N, Qamar I, Hull RD, Hernandez AF, Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Goldhaber SZ. Asymptomatic Deep Vein Thrombosis is Associated with an Increased Risk of Death: Insights from the APEX Trial. Thromb Haemost. 2018 Dec;118(12):2046-2052. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1675606. Epub 2018 Nov 12.
• Chi G, Gibson CM, Liu Y, Hernandez AF, Hull RD, Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Goldhaber SZ. Inverse relationship of serum albumin to the risk of venous thromboembolism among acutely ill hospitalized patients: Analysis from the APEX trial. Am J Hematol. 2019 Jan;94(1):21-28. doi: 10.1002/ajh.25296. Epub 2018 Oct 17.
• Chi G, Goldhaber SZ, Hull RD, Hernandez AF, Kerneis M, Al Khalfan F, Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Gibson CM. Thrombus Burden of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Its Association with Thromboprophylaxis and D-Dimer Measurement: Insights from the APEX Trial. Thromb Haemost. 2017 Dec;117(12):2389-2395. doi: 10.1160/TH17-08-0538. Epub 2017 Dec 6.
• Yee MK, Nafee T, Daaboul Y, Korjian S, AlKhalfan F, Kerneis M, Wiest C, Goldhaber SZ, Hernandez AF, Hull RD, Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Gibson CM. Increased benefit of betrixaban among patients with a history of venous thromboembolism: a post-hoc analysis of the APEX trial. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2018 Jan;45(1):1-8. doi: 10.1007/s11239-017-1583-0.
• Chi G, Januzzi JL, Korjian S, Daaboul Y, Goldhaber SZ, Hernandez AF, Hull RD, Gold A, Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Gibson CM. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and the risk of stroke among patients hospitalized with acute heart failure: an APEX trial substudy. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2017 Nov;44(4):457-465. doi: 10.1007/s11239-017-1552-7.
• Arbetter DF, Jain P, Yee MK, Michalak N, Hernandez AF, Hull RD, Goldhaber SZ, Harrington RA, Gold A, Cohen AT, Gibson CM. Competing risk analysis in a large cardiovascular clinical trial: An APEX substudy. Pharm Stat. 2017 Nov;16(6):445-450. doi: 10.1002/pst.1823. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
• Chi G, Goldhaber SZ, Kittelson JM, Turpie AGG, Hernandez AF, Hull RD, Gold A, Curnutte JT, Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Gibson CM. Effect of extended-duration thromboprophylaxis on venous thromboembolism and major bleeding among acutely ill hospitalized medical patients: a bivariate analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2017 Oct;15(10):1913-1922. doi: 10.1111/jth.13783. Epub 2017 Sep 4.
• Gibson CM, Korjian S, Chi G, Daaboul Y, Jain P, Arbetter D, Goldhaber SZ, Hull R, Hernandez AF, Lopes RD, Gold A, Cohen AT, Harrington RA; APEX Investigators. Comparison of Fatal or Irreversible Events With Extended-Duration Betrixaban Versus Standard Dose Enoxaparin in Acutely Ill Medical Patients: An APEX Trial Substudy. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017 Jul 11;6(7):e006015. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.006015.
• Gibson CM, Goldhaber SZ, Cohen AT, Nafee T, Hernandez AF, Hull R, Korjian S, Daaboul Y, Chi G, Yee M, Harrington RA. When academic research organizations and clinical research organizations disagree: Processes to minimize discrepancies prior to unblinding of randomized trials. Am Heart J. 2017 Jul;189:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2017.03.018. Epub 2017 Mar 31. No abstract available.
• Marszalek J, Mehrsefat S, Chi G. The risk of stroke among acutely ill hospitalized medical patients: lessons from recent trials on extended-duration thromboprophylaxis. Expert Rev Hematol. 2017 Aug;10(8):679-684. doi: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1343662. Epub 2017 Jun 21.
• Gibson CM, Chi G, Halaby R, Korjian S, Daaboul Y, Jain P, Arbetter D, Goldhaber SZ, Hull R, Hernandez AF, Gold A, Bandman O, Harrington RA, Cohen AT; APEX Investigators. Extended-Duration Betrixaban Reduces the Risk of Stroke Versus Standard-Dose Enoxaparin Among Hospitalized Medically Ill Patients: An APEX Trial Substudy (Acute Medically Ill Venous Thromboembolism Prevention With Extended Duration Betrixaban). Circulation. 2017 Feb 14;135(7):648-655. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025427. Epub 2016 Nov 14.
• Cohen AT, Harrington RA, Goldhaber SZ, Hull RD, Wiens BL, Gold A, Hernandez AF, Gibson CM; APEX Investigators. Extended Thromboprophylaxis with Betrixaban in Acutely Ill Medical Patients. N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 11;375(6):534-44. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1601747. Epub 2016 May 27.
• Cohen AT, Harrington R, Goldhaber SZ, Hull R, Gibson CM, Hernandez AF, Kitt MM, Lorenz TJ. The design and rationale for the Acute Medically Ill Venous Thromboembolism Prevention with Extended Duration Betrixaban (APEX) study. Am Heart J. 2014 Mar;167(3):335-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.11.006. Epub 2013 Dec 10.

Drugs

Indications