ER Niacin/Laropiprant Impact on Cardiovascular Markers and Atheroprogression in HIV-infected Individuals on cART

Summary

HIV-infected patients are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Large investigations support an inverse correlation between HDL-C levels and coronary heart disease. Therefore a treatment lowering HDL-C such as niacin could reduce the risk of atheroprogression not only through its benefit in terms of lipid profile, but also by reducing atherosclerotic inflammation. The study aims at showing that a therapy targeting HDL-C increase in HIV-infected patients on suppressive cART has the potential for reducing subclinical atherosclerotic inflammation associated with HIV itself in HIV-individuals on cART. NILACH is a randomised, multicenter, double blind, placebo controlled, 48 weeks trial to test the effect of the newly marketed niacin/laropiprant on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in 90 subjects. * Regimen 1: ER niacin/laropiprant 1g/20 mg for the first 4 weeks and 2g/40mg from week 5 to the end of the study (the titration aims to reduce adverse reactions) * Regimen 2: ER niacin/laropiprant placebo p.m. The primary end point is the change in mean common carotid intima-media thickness from baseline and 48 weeks, compared between the niacin/laropiprant group and the placebo group. The proposed in vivo experiments should provide insights on the potential benefits of niacin treatment of cardiovascular disease in HIV patients. In addition, we will be able to further clarify the role of systemic inflammatory mediators in the development of early atherosclerosis of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. Detection and treatment of non-infectious co-morbidities such as cardiovascular diseases have become essential for HIV-infected individuals exposed to lifelong antiretroviral therapy and go beyond mere management of opportunistic infections or virologic suppression.

Timeline

Start

2012-08

Primary completion

2014-07

Completion

2014-07

Publications

• Background Hansson GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2005 Apr 21;352(16):1685-95. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra043430. No abstract available.
• Background Stemme S, Hansson GK. Immune mechanisms in atherogenesis. Ann Med. 1994 Jun;26(3):141-6. doi: 10.3109/07853899409147881.
• Background Ledergerber B, Egger M, Opravil M, Telenti A, Hirschel B, Battegay M, Vernazza P, Sudre P, Flepp M, Furrer H, Francioli P, Weber R. Clinical progression and virological failure on highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 patients: a prospective cohort study. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Lancet. 1999 Mar 13;353(9156):863-8. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01122-8.
• Background Palella FJ Jr, Baker RK, Moorman AC, Chmiel JS, Wood KC, Brooks JT, Holmberg SD; HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 Sep;43(1):27-34. doi: 10.1097/01.qai.0000233310.90484.16.
• Background Bonnet F, Chene G, Thiebaut R, Dupon M, Lawson-Ayayi S, Pellegrin JL, Dabis F, Morlat P; Groupe d'Epidemiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine (GECSA). Trends and determinants of severe morbidity in HIV-infected patients: the ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort, 2000-2004. HIV Med. 2007 Nov;8(8):547-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2007.00508.x.
• Background Sterne JA, May M, Bucher HC, Ledergerber B, Furrer H, Cavassini M, Bernasconi E, Hirschel B, Egger M; Swiss HIV Cohort. HAART and the heart: changes in coronary risk factors and implications for coronary risk in men starting antiretroviral therapy. J Intern Med. 2007 Mar;261(3):255-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01761.x.
• Background Calmy A, Gayet-Ageron A, Montecucco F, Nguyen A, Mach F, Burger F, Ubolyam S, Carr A, Ruxungtham K, Hirschel B, Ananworanich J; STACCATO Study Group. HIV increases markers of cardiovascular risk: results from a randomized, treatment interruption trial. AIDS. 2009 May 15;23(8):929-39. doi: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32832995fa.
• Background Baker J, Ayenew W, Quick H, Hullsiek KH, Tracy R, Henry K, Duprez D, Neaton JD. High-density lipoprotein particles and markers of inflammation and thrombotic activity in patients with untreated HIV infection. J Infect Dis. 2010 Jan 15;201(2):285-92. doi: 10.1086/649560.
• Background Montecucco F, Mach F. Update on statin-mediated anti-inflammatory activities in atherosclerosis. Semin Immunopathol. 2009 Jun;31(1):127-42. doi: 10.1007/s00281-009-0150-y. Epub 2009 May 5.
• Background Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998 May 12;97(18):1837-47. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1837.
• Background Gotto AM Jr. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides as therapeutic targets for preventing and treating coronary artery disease. Am Heart J. 2002 Dec;144(6 Suppl):S33-42. doi: 10.1067/mhj.2002.130301.
• Background Thoenes M, Oguchi A, Nagamia S, Vaccari CS, Hammoud R, Umpierrez GE, Khan BV. The effects of extended-release niacin on carotid intimal media thickness, endothelial function and inflammatory markers in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Int J Clin Pract. 2007 Nov;61(11):1942-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01597.x.
• Background Paolini JF, Bays HE, Ballantyne CM, Davidson M, Pasternak R, Maccubbin D, Norquist JM, Lai E, Waters MG, Kuznetsova O, Sisk CM, Mitchel YB. Extended-release niacin/laropiprant: reducing niacin-induced flushing to better realize the benefit of niacin in improving cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiol Clin. 2008 Nov;26(4):547-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ccl.2008.06.007.
• Background Kush D, Hu DY, Ye P, Kim HS, Chen E, Sirah W, McCrary Sisk C, Paolini JF, Maccubbin D. Flushing profile of extended-release niacin/laropiprant at initiation of therapy in Asian lipid clinic patients. Cardiology. 2009;114(3):192-8. doi: 10.1159/000228585. Epub 2009 Jul 15.
• Background Dube MP, Wu JW, Aberg JA, Deeg MA, Alston-Smith BL, McGovern ME, Lee D, Shriver SL, Martinez AI, Greenwald M, Stein JH; AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5148 Study Team. Safety and efficacy of extended-release niacin for the treatment of dyslipidaemia in patients with HIV infection: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5148. Antivir Ther. 2006;11(8):1081-9.
• Background Taylor AJ, Villines TC, Stanek EJ, Devine PJ, Griffen L, Miller M, Weissman NJ, Turco M. Extended-release niacin or ezetimibe and carotid intima-media thickness. N Engl J Med. 2009 Nov 26;361(22):2113-22. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0907569. Epub 2009 Nov 15.
• Background Stein EA. Additional lipid lowering trials using surrogate measurements of atherosclerosis by carotid intima-media thickness: more clarity or confusion? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Dec 16;52(25):2206-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.11.002. No abstract available.
• Background van Vonderen MG, Hassink EA, van Agtmael MA, Stehouwer CD, Danner SA, Reiss P, Smulders Y. Increase in carotid artery intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness but improvement in several markers of endothelial function after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2009 Apr 15;199(8):1186-94. doi: 10.1086/597475.
• Background Maggi P, Serio G, Epifani G, Fiorentino G, Saracino A, Fico C, Perilli F, Lillo A, Ferraro S, Gargiulo M, Chirianni A, Angarano G, Regina G, Pastore G. Premature lesions of the carotid vessels in HIV-1-infected patients treated with protease inhibitors. AIDS. 2000 Nov 10;14(16):F123-8. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200011100-00001.
• Background Seminari E, Pan A, Voltini G, Carnevale G, Maserati R, Minoli L, Meneghetti G, Tinelli C, Testa S. Assessment of atherosclerosis using carotid ultrasonography in a cohort of HIV-positive patients treated with protease inhibitors. Atherosclerosis. 2002 Jun;162(2):433-8. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00736-5.
• Background de Saint Martin L, Vandhuick O, Guillo P, Bellein V, Bressollette L, Roudaut N, Amaral A, Pasquier E. Premature atherosclerosis in HIV positive patients and cumulated time of exposure to antiretroviral therapy (SHIVA study). Atherosclerosis. 2006 Apr;185(2):361-7. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.049. Epub 2005 Aug 30.
• Background Mercie P, Thiebaut R, Lavignolle V, Pellegrin JL, Yvorra-Vives MC, Morlat P, Ragnaud JM, Dupon M, Malvy D, Bellet H, Lawson-Ayayi S, Roudaut R, Dabis F. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-1 infected patients using carotid intima-media thickness measurement. Ann Med. 2002;34(1):55-63. doi: 10.1080/078538902317338652.
• Background Currier JS, Kendall MA, Henry WK, Alston-Smith B, Torriani FJ, Tebas P, Li Y, Hodis HN. Progression of carotid artery intima-media thickening in HIV-infected and uninfected adults. AIDS. 2007 May 31;21(9):1137-45. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32811ebf79.
• Background Chow DC, Stein JH, Seto TB, Mitchell C, Sriratanaviriyakul N, Grandinetti A, Gerschenson M, Shiramizu B, Souza S, Shikuma C. Short-term effects of extended-release niacin on endothelial function in HIV-infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2010 Apr 24;24(7):1019-23. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283383016.
• Background Ross AC, Rizk N, O'Riordan MA, Dogra V, El-Bejjani D, Storer N, Harrill D, Tungsiripat M, Adell J, McComsey GA. Relationship between inflammatory markers, endothelial activation markers, and carotid intima-media thickness in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Oct 1;49(7):1119-27. doi: 10.1086/605578.

Drugs

Indications