drugset / Trial / NCT01856205
Safety and Efficacy Study of Intravenous Immunoglobulin to Treat Japanese Encephalitis
Phase 2
Completed
22 enrolled
University of Liverpool
B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences · collabKanti Children's Hospital · collab
RandomizedParallel-groupTriple-blindTreatment
Summary
Japanese encephalitis is caused by a viral infection of the brain transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. Patients with Japanese encephalitis can rapidly develop worsening conscious level and seizures. Around a third will die from the infection and half of survivors have serious long-term neurological disability. The majority of those affected are children. There are many causes of viral encephalitis, however Japanese encephalitis virus is the most common cause worldwide with over 60,000 cases annually. It occurs over much of Asia and the geographical range is expanding. There is no specific treatment for Japanese encephalitis virus, although several have been trialed. In this study we examined the effect of a new treatment, called intravenous immunoglobulin, on children with Japanese encephalitis in Nepal. Prior studies have suggested intravenous immunoglobulin may neutralize Japanese encephalitis virus and suppress damaging inflammation in the brain. It has previously been used in individual cases but never examined in a randomized trial. There was recently a trial of IVIG in West Nile encephalitis in the United States, in which Professor Solomon was on the Scientific Advisory Committee. In this study we will look if intravenous immunoglobulin is safe in this context, and that this treatment may alter the way the immune system manages the infection. Therefore, in this pilot study we will test the hypothesis that IVIG can be safely given to children with suspected JE, with no increased risk of serious adverse events compared with placebo. The aim of this proposal is to conduct a pilot safety and tolerability randomized placebo controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in patients with Japanese encephalitis, to explore the relationship between JEV viral load, pro-inflammatory markers called cytokines and blood brain barrier markers, and the effect of IVIG on these relationships.
Timeline
- Start
- 2009-05
- Primary completion
- 2009-08
- Completion
- 2009-08
Publications
- Background Solomon T, Dung NM, Kneen R, Gainsborough M, Vaughn DW, Khanh VT. Japanese encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Apr;68(4):405-15. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.68.4.405. No abstract available.
- Background Tsai TF. New initiatives for the control of Japanese encephalitis by vaccination: minutes of a WHO/CVI meeting, Bangkok, Thailand, 13-15 October 1998. Vaccine. 2000 May 26;18 Suppl 2:1-25. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00037-2.
- Background Innis BL. Japanese encephalitis. In: Porterfield JS, editor. Exotic Viral Infections. London: Chapman & Hall; 1995. p. 147-74.
- Background Sumiyoshi H, Mori C, Fuke I, Morita K, Kuhara S, Kondou J, Kikuchi Y, Nagamatu H, Igarashi A. Complete nucleotide sequence of the Japanese encephalitis virus genome RNA. Virology. 1987 Dec;161(2):497-510. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90144-9.
- Background Chambers TJ, Hahn CS, Galler R, Rice CM. Flavivirus genome organization, expression, and replication. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1990;44:649-88. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.44.100190.003245. No abstract available.
- Background Gajanana A, Thenmozhi V, Samuel PP, Reuben R. A community-based study of subclinical flavivirus infections in children in an area of Tamil Nadu, India, where Japanese encephalitis is endemic. Bull World Health Organ. 1995;73(2):237-44.
- Background HALSTEAD SB, GROSZ CR. Subclinical Japanese encephalitis. I. Infection of Americans with limited residence in Korea. Am J Hyg. 1962 Mar;75:190-201. No abstract available.
- Background Solomon T, Dung NM, Kneen R, Thao le TT, Gainsborough M, Nisalak A, Day NP, Kirkham FJ, Vaughn DW, Smith S, White NJ. Seizures and raised intracranial pressure in Vietnamese patients with Japanese encephalitis. Brain. 2002 May;125(Pt 5):1084-93. doi: 10.1093/brain/awf116.
- Background Solomon T, Kneen R, Dung NM, Khanh VC, Thuy TT, Ha DQ, Day NP, Nisalak A, Vaughn DW, White NJ. Poliomyelitis-like illness due to Japanese encephalitis virus. Lancet. 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1094-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07509-0.
- Background Chen WR, Tesh RB, Rico-Hesse R. Genetic variation of Japanese encephalitis virus in nature. J Gen Virol. 1990 Dec;71 ( Pt 12):2915-22. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-71-12-2915.
- Background Chen WR, Rico-Hesse R, Tesh RB. A new genotype of Japanese encephalitis virus from Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992 Jul;47(1):61-9. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1992.47.61.
- Background Gould EA. Evolution of the Japanese serological group viruses. In: Mackenzie JS, Barrett AD, Deubel V, editors. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology: Japanese encephalitis and West Nile virus infections: Springer-Verlag; 2002. p. 391-404.
- Background Solomon T, Ni H, Beasley DW, Ekkelenkamp M, Cardosa MJ, Barrett AD. Origin and evolution of Japanese encephalitis virus in southeast Asia. J Virol. 2003 Mar;77(5):3091-8. doi: 10.1128/jvi.77.5.3091-3098.2003.
- Background Shope RE. Concepts of control of Japanese encephalitis and dengue. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1997;28 Suppl 2:131-4.
- Background Solomon T. Vaccines against Japanese encephalitis. In: Jong EC, Zuckerman JN, editors. Travelers' vaccines. Ontario, Canada: B.C. Decker; 2004. p. 219-56.
- Background Monath TP. Japanese encephalitis vaccines: current vaccines and future prospects. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2002;267:105-38. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-59403-8_6.
- Background Bista MB, Banerjee MK, Shin SH, Tandan JB, Kim MH, Sohn YM, Ohrr HC, Tang JL, Halstead SB. Efficacy of single-dose SA 14-14-2 vaccine against Japanese encephalitis: a case control study. Lancet. 2001 Sep 8;358(9284):791-5. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05967-0.
- Background Solomon T, Dung NM, Wills B, Kneen R, Gainsborough M, Diet TV, Thuy TT, Loan HT, Khanh VC, Vaughn DW, White NJ, Farrar JJ. Interferon alfa-2a in Japanese encephalitis: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2003 Mar 8;361(9360):821-6. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12709-2.
- Background Griffin DE. Immune responses to RNA-virus infections of the CNS. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003 Jun;3(6):493-502. doi: 10.1038/nri1105.
- Background Irani DN. Central nervous system inflammation: can't live with it, can't live without it. Curr Opin Neurol. 2001 Jun;14(3):347-8. doi: 10.1097/00019052-200106000-00013. No abstract available.
- Background Kimura T, Griffin DE. Extensive immune-mediated hippocampal damage in mice surviving infection with neuroadapted Sindbis virus. Virology. 2003 Jun 20;311(1):28-39. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00110-7.
- Background Hoke CH Jr, Vaughn DW, Nisalak A, Intralawan P, Poolsuppasit S, Jongsawas V, Titsyakorn U, Johnson RT. Effect of high-dose dexamethasone on the outcome of acute encephalitis due to Japanese encephalitis virus. J Infect Dis. 1992 Apr;165(4):631-7. doi: 10.1093/infdis/165.4.631.
- Background Caramello P, Canta F, Balbiano R, Lipani F, Ariaudo S, De Agostini M, Calleri G, Boglione L, Di Caro A. Role of intravenous immunoglobulin administration in Japanese encephalitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Dec 15;43(12):1620-1. doi: 10.1086/509644. No abstract available.
- Background Agrawal AG, Petersen LR. Human immunoglobulin as a treatment for West Nile virus infection. J Infect Dis. 2003 Jul 1;188(1):1-4. doi: 10.1086/376871. Epub 2003 Jun 23. No abstract available.
- Background Burke DS, Lorsomrudee W, Leake CJ, Hoke CH, Nisalak A, Chongswasdi V, Laorakpongse T. Fatal outcome in Japanese encephalitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1985 Nov;34(6):1203-10. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.1203.
- Background Solomon T, Thao LT, Dung NM, Kneen R, Hung NT, Nisalak A, Vaughn DW, Farrar J, Hien TT, White NJ, Cardosa MJ. Rapid diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis by using an immunoglobulin M dot enzyme immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Jul;36(7):2030-4. doi: 10.1128/JCM.36.7.2030-2034.1998.
- Background Solomon T, Vaughn DW. Pathogenesis and clinical features of Japanese encephalitis and West Nile virus infections. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2002;267:171-94. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-59403-8_9. No abstract available.
- Background Burke DS, Nisalak A, Lorsomrudee W, Ussery MA, Laorpongse T. Virus-specific antibody-producing cells in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in acute Japanese encephalitis. J Med Virol. 1985 Nov;17(3):283-92. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890170310.
- Background Desai A, Shankar SK, Ravi V, Chandramuki A, Gourie-Devi M. Japanese encephalitis virus antigen in the human brain and its topographic distribution. Acta Neuropathol. 1995;89(4):368-73. doi: 10.1007/BF00309631.
- Background Shankar SK, Rao TV, Mruthyunjayanna BP, Gourie Devi M, Deshpande DH. Autopsy study of brains during an epidemic of Japanese encephalitis in Karnataka. Indian J Med Res. 1983 Sep;78:431-40. No abstract available.
- Background Li ZS, Hong SF, Gong NL. Immunohistochemical study on Japanese B encephalitis. Chin Med J (Engl). 1988 Oct;101(10):768-71. No abstract available.
- Background Johnson RT, Burke DS, Elwell M, Leake CJ, Nisalak A, Hoke CH, Lorsomrudee W. Japanese encephalitis: immunocytochemical studies of viral antigen and inflammatory cells in fatal cases. Ann Neurol. 1985 Nov;18(5):567-73. doi: 10.1002/ana.410180510.
- Background MIYAKE M. THE PATHOLOGY OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS. A REVIEW. Bull World Health Organ. 1964;30(2):153-60.
- Background Solomon T. Flavivirus encephalitis. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jul 22;351(4):370-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra030476. No abstract available.
- Background McMinn PC. The molecular basis of virulence of the encephalitogenic flaviviruses. J Gen Virol. 1997 Nov;78 ( Pt 11):2711-22. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-78-11-2711. No abstract available.
- Background Doherty PC, Zinkernagel RM. T-cell-mediated immunopathology in viral infections. Transplant Rev. 1974;19(0):89-120. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1974.tb00129.x. No abstract available.
- Background Rowell JF, Griffin DE. Contribution of T cells to mortality in neurovirulent Sindbis virus encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol. 2002 Jun;127(1-2):106-14. doi: 10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00108-x.
- Background Atrasheuskaya A, Petzelbauer P, Fredeking TM, Ignatyev G. Anti-TNF antibody treatment reduces mortality in experimental dengue virus infection. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2003 Jan 21;35(1):33-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2003.tb00646.x.
- Background Liu T, Chambers TJ. Yellow fever virus encephalitis: properties of the brain-associated T-cell response during virus clearance in normal and gamma interferon-deficient mice and requirement for CD4+ lymphocytes. J Virol. 2001 Mar;75(5):2107-18. doi: 10.1128/JVI.75.5.2107-2118.2001.
- Background Wang Y, Lobigs M, Lee E, Mullbacher A. CD8+ T cells mediate recovery and immunopathology in West Nile virus encephalitis. J Virol. 2003 Dec;77(24):13323-34. doi: 10.1128/jvi.77.24.13323-13334.2003.
- Background Wang T, Town T, Alexopoulou L, Anderson JF, Fikrig E, Flavell RA. Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis. Nat Med. 2004 Dec;10(12):1366-73. doi: 10.1038/nm1140. Epub 2004 Nov 21.
- Background Diamond MS, Klein RS. West Nile virus: crossing the blood-brain barrier. Nat Med. 2004 Dec;10(12):1294-5. doi: 10.1038/nm1204-1294. No abstract available.
- Background Chambers TJ, Diamond MS. Pathogenesis of flavivirus encephalitis. Adv Virus Res. 2003;60:273-342. doi: 10.1016/s0065-3527(03)60008-4.
- Background Myint KS, Gibbons RV, Perng GC, Solomon T. Unravelling the neuropathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Oct;101(10):955-6. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.04.004. Epub 2007 Jun 4.
- Background Glass WG, McDermott DH, Lim JK, Lekhong S, Yu SF, Frank WA, Pape J, Cheshier RC, Murphy PM. CCR5 deficiency increases risk of symptomatic West Nile virus infection. J Exp Med. 2006 Jan 23;203(1):35-40. doi: 10.1084/jem.20051970. Epub 2006 Jan 17.
- Background Glass WG, Lim JK, Cholera R, Pletnev AG, Gao JL, Murphy PM. Chemokine receptor CCR5 promotes leukocyte trafficking to the brain and survival in West Nile virus infection. J Exp Med. 2005 Oct 17;202(8):1087-98. doi: 10.1084/jem.20042530.
- Background Bhowmick S, Duseja R, Das S, Appaiahgiri MB, Vrati S, Basu A. Induction of IP-10 (CXCL10) in astrocytes following Japanese encephalitis. Neurosci Lett. 2007 Feb 27;414(1):45-50. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.11.070. Epub 2007 Jan 8.
- Background Ghoshal A, Das S, Ghosh S, Mishra MK, Sharma V, Koli P, Sen E, Basu A. Proinflammatory mediators released by activated microglia induces neuronal death in Japanese encephalitis. Glia. 2007 Apr 1;55(5):483-96. doi: 10.1002/glia.20474.
- Background Li Y, Fu L, Gonzales DM, Lavi E. Coronavirus neurovirulence correlates with the ability of the virus to induce proinflammatory cytokine signals from astrocytes and microglia. J Virol. 2004 Apr;78(7):3398-406. doi: 10.1128/jvi.78.7.3398-3406.2004.
- Background Allan SM, Rothwell NJ. Inflammation in central nervous system injury. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2003 Oct 29;358(1438):1669-77. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2003.1358.
- Background Van Wagoner NJ, Benveniste EN. Interleukin-6 expression and regulation in astrocytes. J Neuroimmunol. 1999 Dec;100(1-2):124-39. doi: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00187-3.
- Background Frei K, Malipiero UV, Leist TP, Zinkernagel RM, Schwab ME, Fontana A. On the cellular source and function of interleukin 6 produced in the central nervous system in viral diseases. Eur J Immunol. 1989 Apr;19(4):689-94. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830190418.
- Background Morris MM, Dyson H, Baker D, Harbige LS, Fazakerley JK, Amor S. Characterization of the cellular and cytokine response in the central nervous system following Semliki Forest virus infection. J Neuroimmunol. 1997 Apr;74(1-2):185-97. doi: 10.1016/s0165-5728(96)00786-2.
- Background Brett FM, Mizisin AP, Powell HC, Campbell IL. Evolution of neuropathologic abnormalities associated with blood-brain barrier breakdown in transgenic mice expressing interleukin-6 in astrocytes. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1995 Nov;54(6):766-75. doi: 10.1097/00005072-199511000-00003.
- Background Paul R, Koedel U, Winkler F, Kieseier BC, Fontana A, Kopf M, Hartung HP, Pfister HW. Lack of IL-6 augments inflammatory response but decreases vascular permeability in bacterial meningitis. Brain. 2003 Aug;126(Pt 8):1873-82. doi: 10.1093/brain/awg171. Epub 2003 Jun 23.
- Background Abraham CS, Deli MA, Joo F, Megyeri P, Torpier G. Intracarotid tumor necrosis factor-alpha administration increases the blood-brain barrier permeability in cerebral cortex of the newborn pig: quantitative aspects of double-labelling studies and confocal laser scanning analysis. Neurosci Lett. 1996 Apr 19;208(2):85-8. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12546-5.
- Background Munoz-Fernandez MA, Fresno M. The role of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin 6, interferon-gamma and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the development and pathology of the nervous system. Prog Neurobiol. 1998 Oct;56(3):307-40. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00045-8.
- Background Griffin DE, Hardwick JM. Perspective: virus infections and the death of neurons. Trends Microbiol. 1999 Apr;7(4):155-60. doi: 10.1016/s0966-842x(99)01470-5.
- Background Winter PM, Dung NM, Loan HT, Kneen R, Wills B, Thu le T, House D, White NJ, Farrar JJ, Hart CA, Solomon T. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in humans with Japanese encephalitis. J Infect Dis. 2004 Nov 1;190(9):1618-26. doi: 10.1086/423328. Epub 2004 Sep 29.
- Background Solomon T, Dung NM, Vaughn DW, Kneen R, Thao LT, Raengsakulrach B, Loan HT, Day NP, Farrar J, Myint KS, Warrell MJ, James WS, Nisalak A, White NJ. Neurological manifestations of dengue infection. Lancet. 2000 Mar 25;355(9209):1053-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02036-5.
- Background Leis AA, Stokic DS, Polk JL, Dostrow V, Winkelmann M. A poliomyelitis-like syndrome from West Nile virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2002 Oct 17;347(16):1279-80. doi: 10.1056/NEJM2002c021587. Epub 2002 Sep 23. No abstract available.
- Background Solomon T, Winter PM. Neurovirulence and host factors in flavivirus encephalitis--evidence from clinical epidemiology. Arch Virol Suppl. 2004;(18):161-70. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0572-6_14.
- Background German AC, Myint KS, Mai NT, Pomeroy I, Phu NH, Tzartos J, Winter P, Collett J, Farrar J, Barrett A, Kipar A, Esiri MM, Solomon T. A preliminary neuropathological study of Japanese encephalitis in humans and a mouse model. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Dec;100(12):1135-45. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.02.008. Epub 2006 Jun 30.
- Background Ravi V, Parida S, Desai A, Chandramuki A, Gourie-Devi M, Grau GE. Correlation of tumor necrosis factor levels in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid with clinical outcome in Japanese encephalitis patients. J Med Virol. 1997 Feb;51(2):132-6.
- Background Singh A, Kulshreshtha R, Mathur A. Secretion of the chemokine interleukin-8 during Japanese encephalitis virus infection. J Med Microbiol. 2000 Jul;49(7):607-612. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-49-7-607.
- Background Iwamoto M, Jernigan DB, Guasch A, Trepka MJ, Blackmore CG, Hellinger WC, Pham SM, Zaki S, Lanciotti RS, Lance-Parker SE, DiazGranados CA, Winquist AG, Perlino CA, Wiersma S, Hillyer KL, Goodman JL, Marfin AA, Chamberland ME, Petersen LR; West Nile Virus in Transplant Recipients Investigation Team. Transmission of West Nile virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 2003 May 29;348(22):2196-203. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa022987.
- Background Chabas D, Baranzini SE, Mitchell D, Bernard CC, Rittling SR, Denhardt DT, Sobel RA, Lock C, Karpuj M, Pedotti R, Heller R, Oksenberg JR, Steinman L. The influence of the proinflammatory cytokine, osteopontin, on autoimmune demyelinating disease. Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1731-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1062960.
- Background Lock C, Hermans G, Pedotti R, Brendolan A, Schadt E, Garren H, Langer-Gould A, Strober S, Cannella B, Allard J, Klonowski P, Austin A, Lad N, Kaminski N, Galli SJ, Oksenberg JR, Raine CS, Heller R, Steinman L. Gene-microarray analysis of multiple sclerosis lesions yields new targets validated in autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat Med. 2002 May;8(5):500-8. doi: 10.1038/nm0502-500.
- Background Solomon T. Japanese encephalitis: Clinical features & pathogenesis. 55th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; 2006; Atlanta, Georgia; 2006.
- Background Edelman R, Schneider RJ, Vejjajiva A, Pornpibul R, Voodhikul P. Persistence of virus-specific IgM and clinical recovery after Japanese encephalitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1976 Sep;25(5):733-8. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1976.25.733.
- Background Burke DS, Nisalak A, Ussery MA, Laorakpongse T, Chantavibul S. Kinetics of IgM and IgG responses to Japanese encephalitis virus in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid. J Infect Dis. 1985 Jun;151(6):1093-9. doi: 10.1093/infdis/151.6.1093.
- Background Kumar R, Mathur A, Kumar A, Sharma S, Chakraborty S, Chaturvedi UC. Clinical features & prognostic indicators of Japanese encephalitis in children in Lucknow (India). Indian J Med Res. 1990 Sep;91:321-7.
- Background Libraty DH, Nisalak A, Endy TP, Suntayakorn S, Vaughn DW, Innis BL. Clinical and immunological risk factors for severe disease in Japanese encephalitis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2002 Mar-Apr;96(2):173-8. doi: 10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90294-4.
- Background Bista MB, Shrestha JM. Epidemiological situation of Japanese encephalitis in Nepal. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2005 Apr-Jun;44(158):51-6.
- Background Rayamajhi A, Singh R, Prasad R, Khanal B, Singhi S. Clinico-laboratory profile and outcome of Japanese encephalitis in Nepali children. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2006 Dec;26(4):293-301. doi: 10.1179/146532806X152818.
- Background Tandan JB, Ohrr H, Sohn YM, Yoksan S, Ji M, Nam CM, Halstead SB. Single dose of SA 14-14-2 vaccine provides long-term protection against Japanese encephalitis: a case-control study in Nepalese children 5 years after immunization. [email protected]. Vaccine. 2007 Jun 28;25(27):5041-5. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.052. Epub 2007 May 8.
- Background Pant GR. A serological survey of pigs, horses, and ducks in Nepal for evidence of infection with Japanese encephalitis virus. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Oct;1081:124-9. doi: 10.1196/annals.1373.013.
- Background Leung DY, Burns JC, Newburger JW, Geha RS. Reversal of lymphocyte activation in vivo in the Kawasaki syndrome by intravenous gammaglobulin. J Clin Invest. 1987 Feb;79(2):468-72. doi: 10.1172/JCI112835.
- Background Clarkson SB, Bussel JB, Kimberly RP, Valinsky JE, Nachman RL, Unkeless JC. Treatment of refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura with an anti-Fc gamma-receptor antibody. N Engl J Med. 1986 May 8;314(19):1236-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198605083141907. No abstract available.
- Background Buchwald B, Ahangari R, Weishaupt A, Toyka KV. Intravenous immunoglobulins neutralize blocking antibodies in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol. 2002 Jun;51(6):673-80. doi: 10.1002/ana.10205.
- Background Quartier P, Foray S, Casanova JL, Hau-Rainsard I, Blanche S, Fischer A. Enteroviral meningoencephalitis in X-linked agammaglobulinemia: intensive immunoglobulin therapy and sequential viral detection in cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000 Nov;19(11):1106-8. doi: 10.1097/00006454-200011000-00020. No abstract available.
- Background Spector SA, Gelber RD, McGrath N, Wara D, Barzilai A, Abrams E, Bryson YJ, Dankner WM, Livingston RA, Connor EM. A controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin for the prevention of serious bacterial infections in children receiving zidovudine for advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med. 1994 Nov 3;331(18):1181-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199411033311802.
- Background Rodriguez WJ, Gruber WC, Welliver RC, Groothuis JR, Simoes EA, Meissner HC, Hemming VG, Hall CB, Lepow ML, Rosas AJ, Robertsen C, Kramer AA. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immune globulin intravenous therapy for RSV lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children at high risk for severe RSV infections: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immune Globulin Study Group. Pediatrics. 1997 Mar;99(3):454-61. doi: 10.1542/peds.99.3.454.
- Background Keller MA, Stiehm ER. Passive immunity in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000 Oct;13(4):602-14. doi: 10.1128/CMR.13.4.602.
- Background Levine B, Hardwick JM, Trapp BD, Crawford TO, Bollinger RC, Griffin DE. Antibody-mediated clearance of alphavirus infection from neurons. Science. 1991 Nov 8;254(5033):856-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1658936.
- Background Griffin DE, Ubol S, Despres P, Kimura T, Byrnes A. Role of antibodies in controlling alphavirus infection of neurons. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2001;260:191-200. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-05783-4_10. No abstract available.
- Background Murali-Krishna K, Ravi V, Manjunath R. Protection of adult but not newborn mice against lethal intracerebral challenge with Japanese encephalitis virus by adoptively transferred virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes: requirement for L3T4+ T cells. J Gen Virol. 1996 Apr;77 ( Pt 4):705-14. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-77-4-705.
- Background Pan CH, Chen HW, Huang HW, Tao MH. Protective mechanisms induced by a Japanese encephalitis virus DNA vaccine: requirement for antibody but not CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cell responses. J Virol. 2001 Dec;75(23):11457-63. doi: 10.1128/JVI.75.23.11457-11463.2001.
- Background Beasley DW, Li L, Suderman MT, Guirakhoo F, Trent DW, Monath TP, Shope RE, Barrett AD. Protection against Japanese encephalitis virus strains representing four genotypes by passive transfer of sera raised against ChimeriVax-JE experimental vaccine. Vaccine. 2004 Sep 9;22(27-28):3722-6. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.03.027.
- Background Konishi E, Ajiro N, Nukuzuma C, Mason PW, Kurane I. Comparison of protective efficacies of plasmid DNAs encoding Japanese encephalitis virus proteins that induce neutralizing antibody or cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice. Vaccine. 2003 Sep 8;21(25-26):3675-83. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00382-7.
- Background Kimura-Kuroda J, Yasui K. Protection of mice against Japanese encephalitis virus by passive administration with monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol. 1988 Nov 15;141(10):3606-10.
- Background Zhang MJ, Wang MJ, Jiang SZ, Ma WY. Passive protection of mice, goats, and monkeys against Japanese encephalitis with monoclonal antibodies. J Med Virol. 1989 Oct;29(2):133-8. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890290211.
- Background Gupta AK, Lad VJ, Koshy AA. Protection of mice against experimental Japanese encephalitis virus infections by neutralizing anti-glycoprotein E monoclonal antibodies. Acta Virol. 2003;47(3):141-5.
- Background Ben-Nathan D, Lustig S, Tam G, Robinzon S, Segal S, Rager-Zisman B. Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of human intravenous immunoglobulin in treating West Nile virus infection in mice. J Infect Dis. 2003 Jul 1;188(1):5-12. doi: 10.1086/376870. Epub 2003 Jun 23.
- Background Diamond MS, Shrestha B, Marri A, Mahan D, Engle M. B cells and antibody play critical roles in the immediate defense of disseminated infection by West Nile encephalitis virus. J Virol. 2003 Feb;77(4):2578-86. doi: 10.1128/jvi.77.4.2578-2586.2003.
- Background Kreil TR, Eibl MM. Pre- and postexposure protection by passive immunoglobulin but no enhancement of infection with a flavivirus in a mouse model. J Virol. 1997 Apr;71(4):2921-7. doi: 10.1128/JVI.71.4.2921-2927.1997.
- Background Morrey JD, Siddharthan V, Olsen AL, Roper GY, Wang H, Baldwin TJ, Koenig S, Johnson S, Nordstrom JL, Diamond MS. Humanized monoclonal antibody against West Nile virus envelope protein administered after neuronal infection protects against lethal encephalitis in hamsters. J Infect Dis. 2006 Nov 1;194(9):1300-8. doi: 10.1086/508293. Epub 2006 Sep 22.
- Background Morrey JD, Siddharthan V, Olsen AL, Wang H, Julander JG, Hall JO, Li H, Nordstrom JL, Koenig S, Johnson S, Diamond MS. Defining limits of treatment with humanized neutralizing monoclonal antibody for West Nile virus neurological infection in a hamster model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Jul;51(7):2396-402. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00147-07. Epub 2007 Apr 23.
- Background Webb DB, Kendra JR, Gross E, Stamatakis JD. Infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin via implantable subcutaneous catheter. Lancet. 1991 Jun 29;337(8757):1617-8. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)93323-2. No abstract available.
- Background Imbach P. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura and intravenous immunoglobulin. Cancer. 1991 Sep 15;68(6 Suppl):1422-5. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19910915)68:6+3.0.co;2-5.
- Background Dwyer JM. Manipulating the immune system with immune globulin. N Engl J Med. 1992 Jan 9;326(2):107-16. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199201093260206. No abstract available.
- Background Sullivan KM, Kopecky KJ, Jocom J, Fisher L, Buckner CD, Meyers JD, Counts GW, Bowden RA, Peterson FB, Witherspoon RP, et al. Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1990 Sep 13;323(11):705-12. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199009133231103.
- Background Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Beiser AS, Burns JC, Bastian J, Chung KJ, Colan SD, Duffy CE, Fulton DR, Glode MP, et al. A single intravenous infusion of gamma globulin as compared with four infusions in the treatment of acute Kawasaki syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1991 Jun 6;324(23):1633-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199106063242305.
- Background Ooi MH, Wong SC, Clear D, Perera D, Krishnan S, Preston T, Tio PH, Willison HJ, Tedman B, Kneen R, Cardosa MJ, Solomon T. Adenovirus type 21-associated acute flaccid paralysis during an outbreak of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Sarawak, Malaysia. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Mar 1;36(5):550-9. doi: 10.1086/367648. Epub 2003 Feb 14.
- Background Chatterjee S, Chattopadhyay D, Bhattacharya MK, Mukherjee B. Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis in children in several districts of West Bengal, India. Acta Paediatr. 2004 Mar;93(3):390-3.
- Background Planitzer CB, Modrof J, Kreil TR. West Nile virus neutralization by US plasma-derived immunoglobulin products. J Infect Dis. 2007 Aug 1;196(3):435-40. doi: 10.1086/519392. Epub 2007 Jun 18.
- Rayamajhi A, Nightingale S, Bhatta NK, Singh R, Kneen R, Ledger E, Bista KP, Lewthwaite P, Mahaseth C, Turtle L, Robinson JS, Galbraith SE, Wnek M, Johnson BW, Faragher B, Griffiths MJ, Solomon T. A preliminary randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin for Japanese encephalitis in Nepal. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 17;10(4):e0122608. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122608. eCollection 2015.
Drugs
| Evaluation | Drug | Modality | Dose | Route |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comparator | Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human) | Protein / enzyme biologic | 400 mg/kg | Intravenous |