Evaluation of the Effects of Canagliflozin on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Participants With Diabetic Nephropathy

Summary

The goal of this study is to assess whether canagliflozin has a renal and vascular protective effect in reducing the progression of renal impairment relative to placebo in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Stage 2 or 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and macroalbuminuria, who are receiving standard of care including a maximum tolerated labeled daily dose of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB).

Timeline

Start

2014-02-17

Primary completion

2018-10-30

Completion

2018-10-30

Outcome

Met primary endpoint

registry analysis (superiority test); Placebo vs Canagliflozin 100 mg; p < 0.0001; Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.70 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.82) NCT02065791 ↗

registry NUMBER Placebo: 61.24 Event rate per 1000 participant-years NUMBER Canagliflozin 100 mg: 43.21 Event rate per 1000 participant-years NCT02065791 ↗

release “The renal results from CREDENCE found INVOKANA®demonstrated a 30 percent reduction in the risk of the primary composite endpoint” jnj.com ↗

release “the CREDENCE trial stop early because it met the prespecified criteria for efficacy” jnj.com ↗

release “Phase 3 CREDENCE study, which was stopped early because it met the prespecified criteria for efficacy.” jnj.com ↗

Publications

• Moedt E, Koshino A, Jongs N, Ju W, Nair V, Kretzler M, Hansen MK, Arnott CG, Wheeler DC, Rossing P, Coca SG, Hammarstedt A, Greasley PJ, Bjornstad P, Bakker SJL, Heerspink HJL. Association of Urinary EGF with Kidney Outcomes and Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2026 Apr 2. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000001086. Online ahead of print.
• Chiriaco M, Trico D, Giannoni A, Sacchetta L, Nesti L, Baldi S, Scozzaro T, Castiglione V, Natali A, Ferrannini E. Impact of canagliflozin on the cardiorenal effects of dietary sodium intake in type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of the CREDENCE trial. Diabetologia. 2026 Jul;69(7):1806-1817. doi: 10.1007/s00125-026-06705-6. Epub 2026 Mar 12.
• Heerspink HJL, Collier WH, Chaudhari J, Miao S, Tighiouart H, Appel GB, Caravaca-Fontan F, Floege J, Hannedouche T, Imai E, Jafar TH, Lewis JB, Li PKT, Locatelli F, Maes BD, Neuen BL, Perkovic V, Perrone RD, Remuzzi G, Schena FP, Wanner C, Greene T, Inker LA. A meta-analysis of albuminuria as a surrogate endpoint for kidney failure. Nat Med. 2026 Jan;32(1):281-287. doi: 10.1038/s41591-025-04057-z. Epub 2025 Nov 6.
• Mottl A, Scott C, Green JB, Heerspink HJL, Mann JFE, McGill JB, Nangaku M, Rosenstock J, Rossing P, Li L, Li N, Vaduganathan M, Agarwal R; CONFIDENCE Trial Investigators. Baseline Kidney Function, Albuminuria, and Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio Reduction with Finerenone, Empagliflozin, or Both: Post Hoc Analyses of CONFIDENCE Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2026 Apr 1;37(4):764-776. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000928. Epub 2025 Nov 6.
• Bayes-Genis A, Cai A, Liu Y, Pandey A, Pop-Busui R, Hansen M, Januzzi JL. Impact of canagliflozin on heart stress and outcomes: Pooled insights from CREDENCE and CANVAS. Eur J Heart Fail. 2025 Dec;27(12):2887-2896. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.3786. Epub 2025 Jul 21.
• Oshima M, Buizen L, Jongs N, Levin A, Chertow GM, Wheeler DC, Heerspink HJL, Arnott C, Jardine MJ, Mahaffey KW, Pollock C, Herrington WG, Perkovic V, Neuen BL. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition and Hospitalizations in Patients with CKD: A Meta-Analysis of Kidney Outcome Trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2025 Jul 14;20(9):1206-1214. doi: 10.2215/CJN.0000000771.
• Jongs N, Gasparyan SB, Frison L, Schloemer P, Brinker M, Little DJ, Heerspink HJL. Use of eGFR Slope Thresholds as End Point Components in a Kidney Disease Progression Hierarchical Composite End Point. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2025 Dec 1;36(12):2421-2430. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000766. Epub 2025 Jun 17.
• Januzzi JLJ, Sattar N, Vaduganathan M, Magaret CA, Rhyne RF, Liu Y, Masson S, Butler J, Hansen MK. A validated multivariable machine learning model to predict cardio-kidney risk in diabetic kidney disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2025 May 15;24(1):213. doi: 10.1186/s12933-025-02779-5.
• Doi Y, Hamano T, Yamaguchi O, Isaka Y. Canagliflozin may increase thromboembolic events in males with erythrocytosis but not in females. Blood Adv. 2025 Jul 8;9(13):3202-3212. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2025016320.
• Nguyen TN, Yu J, Perkovic V, Jardine M, Mahaffey KW, Chow CK, Arnott C, Lindley RI. The Efficacy and Safety of Canagliflozin by Frailty Status in Participants of the CANVAS and CREDENCE Trials. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2025 Jun;73(6):1787-1796. doi: 10.1111/jgs.19444. Epub 2025 Mar 19.
• Chatur S, Vaduganathan M, Fletcher RA, Perkovic V, Heerspink H, Arnott C, Pollock C, Mahaffey KW, Neal B, Jardine M, Solomon SD, Neuen BL. Canagliflozin reduces oral loop diuretic intensification in patients with type 2 diabetes: A participant-level pooled analysis of the CANVAS and CREDENCE trials. Eur J Heart Fail. 2025 Jun;27(6):994-1002. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.3586. Epub 2025 Jan 23.
• Ferrannini E, Baldi S, Scozzaro MT, Ferrannini G, Hansen MK. Fasting substrates predict chronic kidney disease progression in CREDENCE trial patients with type 2 diabetes. JCI Insight. 2024 Dec 20;9(24):e180637. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.180637.
• Vaduganathan M, Cannon CP, Jardine MJ, Heerspink HJL, Arnott C, Neuen BL, Sarraju A, Gogate J, Seufert J, Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, Kosiborod MN. Effects of canagliflozin on total heart failure events across the kidney function spectrum: Participant-level pooled analysis from the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2024 Sep;26(9):1967-1975. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.3292. Epub 2024 Jun 26.
• Tangri N, Ferguson TW, Bamforth RJ, Leon SJ, Arnott C, Mahaffey KW, Kotwal S, Heerspink HJL, Perkovic V, Fletcher RA, Neuen BL. Machine learning for prediction of chronic kidney disease progression: Validation of the Klinrisk model in the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024 Aug;26(8):3371-3380. doi: 10.1111/dom.15678. Epub 2024 May 28.
• Natale P, Tunnicliffe DJ, Toyama T, Palmer SC, Saglimbene VM, Ruospo M, Gargano L, Stallone G, Gesualdo L, Strippoli GF. Sodium-glucose co-transporter protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for people with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 May 21;5(5):CD015588. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015588.pub2.
• Fletcher RA, Herrington WG, Agarwal R, Mayne KJ, Arnott C, Jardine MJ, Mahaffey KW, Perkovic V, Staplin N, Wheeler DC, Chertow GM, Heerspink HJL, Neuen BL. Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Cause-Specific Cardiovascular Death in Patients with CKD: A Meta-Analysis of CKD Progression Trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2024 Sep 1;19(9):1180-1182. doi: 10.2215/CJN.0000000000000470. Epub 2024 Apr 16.
• Januzzi JL Jr, Liu Y, Sattar N, Yavin Y, Pollock CA, Butler J, Jardine M, Heerspink HJL, Masson S, Breyer M, Hansen MK. Vascular endothelial growth factors and risk of cardio-renal events: Results from the CREDENCE trial. Am Heart J. 2024 May;271:38-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2024.02.016. Epub 2024 Feb 22.
• Sharma A, Razaghizad A, Joury A, Levin A, Bajaj HS, Mancini GBJ, Wong NC, Slee A, Ang FG, Rapattoni W, Neuen BL, Arnott C, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW. Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular and Kidney Prevention With Canagliflozin: Insights From the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024 Feb 6;13(3):e031586. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.031586. Epub 2024 Jan 19.
• Mohebi R, Liu Y, Hansen MK, Yavin Y, Sattar N, Pollock CA, Butler J, Jardine M, Masson S, Heerspink HJL, Januzzi JL Jr. Associations of Angiopoietin 2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Concentrations with Clinical End Points. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2024 Apr 1;19(4):429-437. doi: 10.2215/CJN.0000000000000389. Epub 2023 Dec 14.
• Fletcher RA, Jongs N, Chertow GM, McMurray JJV, Arnott C, Jardine MJ, Mahaffey KW, Perkovic V, Rockenschaub P, Rossing P, Correa-Rotter R, Toto RD, Vaduganathan M, Wheeler DC, Heerspink HJL, Neuen BL. Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Discontinuation of Renin-angiotensin System Blockade: A Joint Analysis of the CREDENCE and DAPA-CKD Trials. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2023 Dec 1;34(12):1965-1975. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000000000248. Epub 2023 Oct 25.
• Heerspink HJL, Jongs N, Schloemer P, Little DJ, Brinker M, Tasto C, Karpefors M, Wheeler DC, Bakris G, Perkovic V, Nkulikiyinka R, Rossert J, Gasparyan SB. Development and Validation of a New Hierarchical Composite End Point for Clinical Trials of Kidney Disease Progression. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2023 Dec 1;34(12):2025-2038. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000000000243. Epub 2023 Oct 24.
• Yu J, Sweeting AN, Gianacas C, Houston L, Lee V, Fletcher RA, Perkovic V, Li Q, Neuen BL, Berwanger O, Heerspink HJL, de Zeeuw D, Arnott C. The effects of canagliflozin in type 2 diabetes in subgroups defined by population-specific body mass index: Insights from the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023 Dec;25(12):3724-3735. doi: 10.1111/dom.15267. Epub 2023 Sep 6.
• Januzzi JL, Mohebi R, Liu Y, Sattar N, Heerspink HJL, Tefera E, Vaduganathan M, Butler J, Yavin Y, Li J, Pollock CA, Perkovic V, Neal B, Hansen MK. Cardiorenal Biomarkers, Canagliflozin, and Outcomes in Diabetic Kidney Disease: The CREDENCE Trial. Circulation. 2023 Aug 22;148(8):651-660. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065251. Epub 2023 Aug 21.
• Mohebi R, Liu Y, Hansen MK, Yavin Y, Sattar N, Pollock CA, Butler J, Jardine M, Masson S, Heerspink HJL, Januzzi JL Jr. Insulin growth factor axis and cardio-renal risk in diabetic kidney disease: an analysis from the CREDENCE trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023 Jul 12;22(1):176. doi: 10.1186/s12933-023-01916-2.
• Fletcher RA, Arnott C, Rockenschaub P, Schutte AE, Carpenter L, Vaduganathan M, Agarwal R, Bakris G, Chang TI, Heerspink HJL, Jardine MJ, Mahaffey KW, Neal B, Pollock C, Jun M, Rodgers A, Perkovic V, Neuen BL. Canagliflozin, Blood Pressure Variability, and Risk of Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Mortality Outcomes: Pooled Individual Participant Data From the CANVAS and CREDENCE Trials. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023 Jul 4;12(13):e028516. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.122.028516. Epub 2023 Jun 22.
• Ferrannini G, Pollock C, Natali A, Yavin Y, Mahaffey KW, Ferrannini E. Extremes of both weight gain and weight loss are associated with increased incidence of heart failure and cardiovascular death: evidence from the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023 Apr 29;22(1):100. doi: 10.1186/s12933-023-01832-5.
• van der Hoek S, Jongs N, Oshima M, Neuen BL, Stevens J, Perkovic V, Levin A, Mahaffey KW, Pollock C, Greene T, Wheeler DC, Jardine MJ, Heerspink HJL. Glycemic Control and Effects of Canagliflozin in Reducing Albuminuria and eGFR: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CREDENCE Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2023 Jun 1;18(6):748-758. doi: 10.2215/CJN.0000000000000161. Epub 2023 Mar 31.
• Yi TW, Smyth B, Di Tanna GL, Arnott C, Cardoza K, Kang A, Pollock C, Agarwal R, Bakris G, Charytan DM, de Zeeuw D, Heerspink HJL, Neal B, Wheeler DC, Cannon CP, Zhang H, Zinman B, Perkovic V, Levin A, Mahaffey KW, Jardine M; CREDENCE Trial Investigators. Kidney and Cardiovascular Effects of Canagliflozin According to Age and Sex: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CREDENCE Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2023 Jul;82(1):84-96.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.12.015. Epub 2023 Mar 7.
• Sarraju A, Bakris G, Cannon CP, Cherney D, Damaraju CV, Figtree GA, Gogate J, Greene T, Heerspink HJL, Januzzi JL Jr, Neal B, Jardine MJ, Blais J, Kosiborod M, Levin A, Lingvay I, Weir MR, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW. Cardiovascular Effects of Canagliflozin in Relation to Renal Function and Albuminuria. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Nov 1;80(18):1721-1731. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.08.772.
• Nunes JC, Yu J, Arnott C, Jardine MJ, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW. Canagliflozin, mental health adverse events and diabetes: Exploratory analysis of the CREDENCE trial and CANVAS Program. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 Dec;24(12):2459-2464. doi: 10.1111/dom.14832. Epub 2022 Aug 19. No abstract available.
• Li JW, Arnott C, Heerspink HJL, MBiostat QL, Cannon CP, Wheeler DC, Charytan DM, Barraclough J, Figtree GA, Agarwal R, Bakris G, de Zeeuw D, Greene T, Levin A, Pollock C, Zhang H, Zinman B, Mahaffey KW, Perkovic V, Neal B, Jardine MJ. Effect of Canagliflozin on Total Cardiovascular Burden in Patients With Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis From the CREDENCE Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022 Aug 16;11(16):e025045. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.025045. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
• Charytan DM, Yu J, Jardine MJ, Cannon CP, Agarwal R, Bakris G, Greene T, Levin A, Pollock C, Powe NR, Arnott C, Mahaffey KW; CREDENCE study investigators. Potential Effects of Elimination of the Black Race Coefficient in eGFR Calculations in the CREDENCE Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 Mar;17(3):361-373. doi: 10.2215/CJN.08980621. Epub 2022 Jan 21.
• Heerspink HJL, Oshima M, Zhang H, Li J, Agarwal R, Capuano G, Charytan DM, Craig J, de Zeeuw D, Di Tanna GL, Levin A, Neal B, Perkovic V, Wheeler DC, Yavin Y, Jardine MJ. Canagliflozin and Kidney-Related Adverse Events in Type 2 Diabetes and CKD: Findings From the Randomized CREDENCE Trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022 Feb;79(2):244-256.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.05.005. Epub 2021 May 23.
• Zhou Z, Jardine MJ, Li Q, Neuen BL, Cannon CP, de Zeeuw D, Edwards R, Levin A, Mahaffey KW, Perkovic V, Neal B, Lindley RI; CREDENCE Trial Investigators*. Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Results From the CREDENCE Trial and Meta-Analysis. Stroke. 2021 May;52(5):1545-1556. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.031623. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
• Yu J, Li J, Leaver PJ, Arnott C, Huffman MD, Udell JA, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, de Zeeuw D, Fulcher G, Matthews DR, Shaw W, Rosenthal N, Neal B, Figtree GA. Effects of canagliflozin on myocardial infarction: a post hoc analysis of the CANVAS programme and CREDENCE trial. Cardiovasc Res. 2022 Mar 16;118(4):1103-1114. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvab128.
• Jardine M, Zhou Z, Lambers Heerspink HJ, Hockham C, Li Q, Agarwal R, Bakris GL, Cannon CP, Charytan DM, Greene T, Levin A, Li JW, Neuen BL, Neal B, Oh R, Oshima M, Pollock C, Wheeler DC, de Zeeuw D, Zhang H, Zinman B, Mahaffey KW, Perkovic V. Kidney, Cardiovascular, and Safety Outcomes of Canagliflozin according to Baseline Albuminuria: A CREDENCE Secondary Analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021 Mar 8;16(3):384-395. doi: 10.2215/CJN.15260920. Epub 2021 Feb 22.
• Ye N, Jardine MJ, Oshima M, Hockham C, Heerspink HJL, Agarwal R, Bakris G, Schutte AE, Arnott C, Chang TI, Gorriz JL, Cannon CP, Charytan DM, de Zeeuw D, Levin A, Mahaffey KW, Neal B, Pollock C, Wheeler DC, Luca Di Tanna G, Cheng H, Perkovic V, Neuen BL. Blood Pressure Effects of Canagliflozin and Clinical Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Insights From the CREDENCE Trial. Circulation. 2021 May 4;143(18):1735-1749. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048740. Epub 2021 Feb 8.
• Sarraju A, Li J, Cannon CP, Chang TI, Agarwal R, Bakris G, Charytan DM, de Zeeuw D, Greene T, Heerspink HJL, Levin A, Neal B, Pollock C, Wheeler DC, Yavin Y, Zhang H, Zinman B, Perkovic V, Jardine M, Mahaffey KW. Effects of canagliflozin on cardiovascular, renal, and safety outcomes in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease according to history of heart failure: Results from the CREDENCE trial. Am Heart J. 2021 Mar;233:141-148. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.12.008. Epub 2020 Dec 22.
• Durkin M, Blais J. Linear Projection of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Decline with Canagliflozin and Implications for Dialysis Utilization and Cost in Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Ther. 2021 Feb;12(2):499-508. doi: 10.1007/s13300-020-00953-4. Epub 2020 Dec 18.
• Willis M, Nilsson A, Kellerborg K, Ball P, Roe R, Traina S, Beale R, Newell I. Cost-Effectiveness of Canagliflozin Added to Standard of Care for Treating Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in England: Estimates Using the CREDEM-DKD Model. Diabetes Ther. 2021 Jan;12(1):313-328. doi: 10.1007/s13300-020-00968-x. Epub 2020 Dec 2.
• Willis M, Asseburg C, Slee A, Nilsson A, Neslusan C. Development and Internal Validation of a Discrete Event Simulation Model of Diabetic Kidney Disease Using CREDENCE Trial Data. Diabetes Ther. 2020 Nov;11(11):2657-2676. doi: 10.1007/s13300-020-00923-w. Epub 2020 Sep 15.
• Jardine MJ, Zhou Z, Mahaffey KW, Oshima M, Agarwal R, Bakris G, Bajaj HS, Bull S, Cannon CP, Charytan DM, de Zeeuw D, Di Tanna GL, Greene T, Heerspink HJL, Levin A, Neal B, Pollock C, Qiu R, Sun T, Wheeler DC, Zhang H, Zinman B, Rosenthal N, Perkovic V; CREDENCE Study Investigators. Renal, Cardiovascular, and Safety Outcomes of Canagliflozin by Baseline Kidney Function: A Secondary Analysis of the CREDENCE Randomized Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020 May;31(5):1128-1139. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2019111168.
• Cannon CP, Perkovic V, Agarwal R, Baldassarre J, Bakris G, Charytan DM, de Zeeuw D, Edwards R, Greene T, Heerspink HJL, Jardine MJ, Levin A, Li JW, Neal B, Pollock C, Wheeler DC, Zhang H, Zinman B, Mahaffey KW. Evaluating the Effects of Canagliflozin on Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease According to Baseline HbA1c, Including Those With HbA1c <7%: Results From the CREDENCE Trial. Circulation. 2020 Feb 4;141(5):407-410. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044359. Epub 2019 Nov 11. No abstract available.
• Mahaffey KW, Jardine MJ, Bompoint S, Cannon CP, Neal B, Heerspink HJL, Charytan DM, Edwards R, Agarwal R, Bakris G, Bull S, Capuano G, de Zeeuw D, Greene T, Levin A, Pollock C, Sun T, Wheeler DC, Yavin Y, Zhang H, Zinman B, Rosenthal N, Brenner BM, Perkovic V. Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups. Circulation. 2019 Aug 27;140(9):739-750. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042007. Epub 2019 Jul 11.
• Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal B, Bompoint S, Heerspink HJL, Charytan DM, Edwards R, Agarwal R, Bakris G, Bull S, Cannon CP, Capuano G, Chu PL, de Zeeuw D, Greene T, Levin A, Pollock C, Wheeler DC, Yavin Y, Zhang H, Zinman B, Meininger G, Brenner BM, Mahaffey KW; CREDENCE Trial Investigators. Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jun 13;380(24):2295-2306. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1811744. Epub 2019 Apr 14.
• Jardine MJ, Mahaffey KW, Neal B, Agarwal R, Bakris GL, Brenner BM, Bull S, Cannon CP, Charytan DM, de Zeeuw D, Edwards R, Greene T, Heerspink HJL, Levin A, Pollock C, Wheeler DC, Xie J, Zhang H, Zinman B, Desai M, Perkovic V; CREDENCE study investigators. The Canagliflozin and Renal Endpoints in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) Study Rationale, Design, and Baseline Characteristics. Am J Nephrol. 2017 Dec 13;46(6):462-472. doi: 10.1159/000484633. Online ahead of print.

Drugs

Evaluation	Drug	Modality	Dose	Route
Subject	CANAGLIFLOZIN ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	100 mg	Oral

Indications