Anticancer Activity of Nicotinamide on Lung Cancer

Summary

Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of human sirtuins (HDAC III), and is found to re-activate epigenetically silenced tumor suppressors, RUNX3 (runt-related gene 3) and others, in cancer cells. Nicotinamide was found to be effective in several animal cancer models including lung, bladder, liver, etc. The purpose of this study is to determine whether nicotinamide is also effective in the treatment of human lung cancer.

Timeline

Start

2015-03

Primary completion

2020-03

Completion

2020-06

Outcome

Missed primary endpoint

paper while the placebo group had a PFS of 10.9 months (9.0-13.2; P = 0.2). PMID 38593249 ↗

Publications

• Background Li QL, Kim HR, Kim WJ, Choi JK, Lee YH, Kim HM, Li LS, Kim H, Chang J, Ito Y, Youl Lee K, Bae SC. Transcriptional silencing of the RUNX3 gene by CpG hypermethylation is associated with lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jan 30;314(1):223-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.079.
• Background Li QL, Ito K, Sakakura C, Fukamachi H, Inoue Ki, Chi XZ, Lee KY, Nomura S, Lee CW, Han SB, Kim HM, Kim WJ, Yamamoto H, Yamashita N, Yano T, Ikeda T, Itohara S, Inazawa J, Abe T, Hagiwara A, Yamagishi H, Ooe A, Kaneda A, Sugimura T, Ushijima T, Bae SC, Ito Y. Causal relationship between the loss of RUNX3 expression and gastric cancer. Cell. 2002 Apr 5;109(1):113-24. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00690-6.
• Background Avalos JL, Bever KM, Wolberger C. Mechanism of sirtuin inhibition by nicotinamide: altering the NAD(+) cosubstrate specificity of a Sir2 enzyme. Mol Cell. 2005 Mar 18;17(6):855-68. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.02.022.
• Background Black JC, Mosley A, Kitada T, Washburn M, Carey M. The SIRT2 deacetylase regulates autoacetylation of p300. Mol Cell. 2008 Nov 7;32(3):449-55. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.09.018.
• Background Lee YS, Lee JW, Jang JW, Chi XZ, Kim JH, Li YH, Kim MK, Kim DM, Choi BS, Kim EG, Chung JH, Lee OJ, Lee YM, Suh JW, Chuang LS, Ito Y, Bae SC. Runx3 inactivation is a crucial early event in the development of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell. 2013 Nov 11;24(5):603-16. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.10.003.
• Background Omar MF, Ito K, Nga ME, Soo R, Peh BK, Ismail TM, Thakkar B, Soong R, Ito Y, Salto-Tellez M. RUNX3 downregulation in human lung adenocarcinoma is independent of p53, EGFR or KRAS status. Pathol Oncol Res. 2012 Oct;18(4):783-92. doi: 10.1007/s12253-011-9485-5. Epub 2012 Jun 24.
• Background Kim WJ, Lee JW, Quan C, Youn HJ, Kim HM, Bae SC. Nicotinamide inhibits growth of carcinogen induced mouse bladder tumor and human bladder tumor xenograft through up-regulation of RUNX3 and p300. J Urol. 2011 Jun;185(6):2366-75. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.017. Epub 2011 Apr 21.
• Background Park SY, Lee KB, Lee MJ, Bae SC, Jang JJ. Nicotinamide inhibits the early stage of carcinogen-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice and suppresses human hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth. J Cell Physiol. 2012 Mar;227(3):899-908. doi: 10.1002/jcp.22799.
• Background Surjana D, Halliday GM, Damian DL. Role of nicotinamide in DNA damage, mutagenesis, and DNA repair. J Nucleic Acids. 2010 Jul 25;2010:157591. doi: 10.4061/2010/157591.
• Background Peck B, Chen CY, Ho KK, Di Fruscia P, Myatt SS, Coombes RC, Fuchter MJ, Hsiao CD, Lam EW. SIRT inhibitors induce cell death and p53 acetylation through targeting both SIRT1 and SIRT2. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 Apr;9(4):844-55. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0971. Epub 2010 Apr 6.
• Background McCarthy AR, Sachweh MC, Higgins M, Campbell J, Drummond CJ, van Leeuwen IM, Pirrie L, Ladds MJ, Westwood NJ, Lain S. Tenovin-D3, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of sirtuin SirT2, increases p21 (CDKN1A) expression in a p53-independent manner. Mol Cancer Ther. 2013 Apr;12(4):352-60. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0900. Epub 2013 Jan 15.
• Background Knip M, Douek IF, Moore WP, Gillmor HA, McLean AE, Bingley PJ, Gale EA; European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial Group. Safety of high-dose nicotinamide: a review. Diabetologia. 2000 Nov;43(11):1337-45. doi: 10.1007/s001250051536.
• Background Gale EA, Bingley PJ, Emmett CL, Collier T; European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT) Group. European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT): a randomised controlled trial of intervention before the onset of type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2004 Mar 20;363(9413):925-31. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15786-3.
• Background Petley A, Macklin B, Renwick AG, Wilkin TJ. The pharmacokinetics of nicotinamide in humans and rodents. Diabetes. 1995 Feb;44(2):152-5. doi: 10.2337/diab.44.2.152.
• Background Schoenfeld DA. Sample-size formula for the proportional-hazards regression model. Biometrics. 1983 Jun;39(2):499-503.
• Background Maemondo M, Inoue A, Kobayashi K, Sugawara S, Oizumi S, Isobe H, Gemma A, Harada M, Yoshizawa H, Kinoshita I, Fujita Y, Okinaga S, Hirano H, Yoshimori K, Harada T, Ogura T, Ando M, Miyazawa H, Tanaka T, Saijo Y, Hagiwara K, Morita S, Nukiwa T; North-East Japan Study Group. Gefitinib or chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer with mutated EGFR. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jun 24;362(25):2380-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0909530.
• Background Zhou C, Wu YL, Chen G, Feng J, Liu XQ, Wang C, Zhang S, Wang J, Zhou S, Ren S, Lu S, Zhang L, Hu C, Hu C, Luo Y, Chen L, Ye M, Huang J, Zhi X, Zhang Y, Xiu Q, Ma J, Zhang L, You C. Erlotinib versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (OPTIMAL, CTONG-0802): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2011 Aug;12(8):735-42. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70184-X. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
• Oh HJ, Bae SC, Oh IJ, Park CK, Jung KM, Kim DM, Lee JW, Kang CK, Park IY, Kim YC. Nicotinamide in Combination with EGFR-TKIs for the Treatment of Stage IV Lung Adenocarcinoma with EGFR Mutations: A Randomized Double-Blind (Phase IIb) Trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2024 Apr 15;30(8):1478-1487. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-3059.

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