Tolvaptan for Patients With Acute Neurological Injuries

Summary

Hyponatremia occurs frequently in patients with acute brain injury in the days to weeks following injury, and may contribute to adverse outcome. In addition, hyponatremia can aggravate neurologic dysfunction, complicate neurological assessments, and contribute to neurologic symptoms such as gait dysfunction that can impair efforts at mobilization and rehabilitation. Strict normonatremia (serum Na levels between 135 and 145 meq/dl) is the goal in most patients with acute brain injury. SIADH is the most frequent cause of hyponatremia in patients with neurological injury; however, treatment with fluid restriction is often difficult or contra-indicated, for example in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) where intravascular hypovolemia can trigger vasospasms. The aim of this project is to test Tolvaptan, an ADH antagonist, as a treatment in selected patients with acute brain injury who have developed SIADH.

Timeline

Start

2015-08

Primary completion

2016-07

Completion

2016-09

Publications

• Background Hannon MJ, Behan LA, O'Brien MM, Tormey W, Ball SG, Javadpour M, Sherlock M, Thompson CJ. Hyponatremia following mild/moderate subarachnoid hemorrhage is due to SIAD and glucocorticoid deficiency and not cerebral salt wasting. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Jan;99(1):291-8. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-3032. Epub 2013 Dec 20.
• Background Rahman M, Friedman WA. Hyponatremia in neurosurgical patients: clinical guidelines development. Neurosurgery. 2009 Nov;65(5):925-35; discussion 935-6. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000358954.62182.B3.
• Background Sherlock M, O'Sullivan E, Agha A, Behan LA, Owens D, Finucane F, Rawluk D, Tormey W, Thompson CJ. Incidence and pathophysiology of severe hyponatraemia in neurosurgical patients. Postgrad Med J. 2009 Apr;85(1002):171-5. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2008.072819.
• Background Sherlock M, O'Sullivan E, Agha A, Behan LA, Rawluk D, Brennan P, Tormey W, Thompson CJ. The incidence and pathophysiology of hyponatraemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006 Mar;64(3):250-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02432.x.
• Background Diringer MN, Bleck TP, Claude Hemphill J 3rd, Menon D, Shutter L, Vespa P, Bruder N, Connolly ES Jr, Citerio G, Gress D, Hanggi D, Hoh BL, Lanzino G, Le Roux P, Rabinstein A, Schmutzhard E, Stocchetti N, Suarez JI, Treggiari M, Tseng MY, Vergouwen MD, Wolf S, Zipfel G; Neurocritical Care Society. Critical care management of patients following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: recommendations from the Neurocritical Care Society's Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference. Neurocrit Care. 2011 Sep;15(2):211-40. doi: 10.1007/s12028-011-9605-9.
• Background Steiner T, Juvela S, Unterberg A, Jung C, Forsting M, Rinkel G; European Stroke Organization. European Stroke Organization guidelines for the management of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013;35(2):93-112. doi: 10.1159/000346087. Epub 2013 Feb 7.
• Background Edlow JA, Samuels O, Smith WS, Weingart SD. Emergency neurological life support: subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2012 Sep;17 Suppl 1:S47-53. doi: 10.1007/s12028-012-9761-6.
• Background Stocchetti N; Participants in the International Multi-Disciplinary Consensus Conference on the Critical Care Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Triggers for aggressive interventions in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2011 Sep;15(2):324-8. doi: 10.1007/s12028-011-9597-5.
• Background Torres VE, Chapman AB, Devuyst O, Gansevoort RT, Grantham JJ, Higashihara E, Perrone RD, Krasa HB, Ouyang J, Czerwiec FS; TEMPO 3:4 Trial Investigators. Tolvaptan in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2012 Dec 20;367(25):2407-18. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1205511. Epub 2012 Nov 3.
• Background Schrier RW, Gross P, Gheorghiade M, Berl T, Verbalis JG, Czerwiec FS, Orlandi C; SALT Investigators. Tolvaptan, a selective oral vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist, for hyponatremia. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 16;355(20):2099-112. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa065181. Epub 2006 Nov 14.
• Background Berl T, Quittnat-Pelletier F, Verbalis JG, Schrier RW, Bichet DG, Ouyang J, Czerwiec FS; SALTWATER Investigators. Oral tolvaptan is safe and effective in chronic hyponatremia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Apr;21(4):705-12. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2009080857. Epub 2010 Feb 25.
• Background Polderman KH, Bajus D, Varon J. Use of Tolvaptan to treat SIADH-induced hyponatremia in selected patients with acute neurological injuries. Neurocrit Care 2014 21:S224 (abstract 215).

Drugs

Indications