The Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes Trial

Summary

The ECHO Study is an open-label randomized clinical trial that will compare three highly effective, reversible methods of contraception (including a non-hormonal method) to evaluate whether there is a link between use of any of these methods and increased risk of acquiring HIV infection. A randomized clinical trial among about 7,800 women in four countries, ECHO will deliver evidence to support and guide individual, policy and programmatic decisions on contraception for women at risk of acquiring HIV infection.

Timeline

Start

2015-12-14

Primary completion

2018-10-31

Completion

2018-10-31

Publications

• Morrison S, Batting J, Wanga V, Beesham I, Deese J, Hofmeyr GJ, Kasaro MP, Louw C, Morrison C, Mugo NR, Palanee-Phillips T, Pleaner M, Reddy K, Scoville CW, Smit J, Stringer JSA, Ahmed K, Bukusi E, Kotze P, Baeten JM; ECHO Trial Team. True and False Positive HIV Point of Care Test Results in a Prospective Multinational Study of At-Risk African Women: Implications for Large-Scale Repeat HIV Testing in HIV Prevention Programs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2024 Dec 1;97(4):364-370. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003497.
• Hofmeyr GJ, Singata-Madliki M, Batting J, Balakrishna Y, Morroni C. Effects of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, the copper IUD and the levonorgestrel implant on testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and free testosterone levels: ancillary study of the ECHO randomized clinical trial. BMC Womens Health. 2024 Mar 8;24(1):167. doi: 10.1186/s12905-024-02990-8.
• Beesham I, Mansoor LE, Joseph Davey DL, Palanee-Phillips T, Smit J, Ahmed K, Selepe P, Louw C, Singata-Madliki M, Kotze P, Heffron R, Parikh UM, Wiesner L, Rees H, Baeten JM, Beksinska M. Brief Report: Quantifiable Plasma Tenofovir Among South African Women Using Daily Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis During the ECHO Trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2022 Sep 1;91(1):26-30. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003023. Epub 2022 Jun 9.
• Bunjun R, Ramla TF, Jaumdally SZ, Noel-Romas L, Ayele H, Brown BP, Gamieldien H, Harryparsad R, Dabee S, Nair G, Onono M, Palanee-Phillips T, Scoville CW, Heller KB, Baeten JM, Bosinger SE, Burgener A, Passmore JS, Jaspan H, Heffron R. Initiating Intramuscular Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Increases Frequencies of Th17-like Human Immunodeficiency Virus Target Cells in the Genital Tract of Women in South Africa: A Randomized Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Nov 30;75(11):2000-2011. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac284.
• Ryan R, Mussa A, Singtaa-Madliki M, Batting J, Balakrishna Y, Morroni C, Hofmeyr GJ. Effects of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Intramuscular Injection, Copper Intrauterine Device and Levonorgestrel Implant Contraception on Estradiol Levels: An Ancillary Study of the ECHO Randomized Trial. Front Glob Womens Health. 2022 May 20;3:887541. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.887541. eCollection 2022.
• Palanee-Phillips T, Rees HV, Heller KB, Ahmed K, Batting J, Beesham I, Heffron R, Justman J, Makkan H, Mastro TD, Morrison SA, Mugo N, Nair G, Kiarie J, Philip NM, Pleaner M, Reddy K, Selepe P, Steyn PS, Scoville CW, Smit J, Thomas KK, Donnell D, Baeten JM; ECHO Trial Consortium. High HIV incidence among young women in South Africa: Data from a large prospective study. PLoS One. 2022 Jun 3;17(6):e0269317. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269317. eCollection 2022.
• Tanko RF, Bunjun R, Dabee S, Jaumdally SZ, Onono M, Nair G, Palanee-Phillips T, Harryparsad R, Happel AU, Gamieldien H, Qumbelo Y, Sinkala M, Scoville CW, Heller K, Baeten JM, Bosinger SE, Burgener A, Heffron R, Jaspan HB, Passmore JAS. The Effect of Contraception on Genital Cytokines in Women Randomized to Copper Intrauterine Device, Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, or Levonorgestrel Implant. J Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 13;226(5):907-919. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac084.
• Mugo NR, Stalter RM, Heffron R, Rees H, Scoville CW, Morrison C, Kourtis AP, Bukusi E, Beksinka M, Philip NM, Beesham I, Deese J, Edward V, Donnell D, Baeten JM; Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) Trial Consortium. Incidence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection Among African Women Using Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, a Copper Intrauterine Device, or a Levonorgestrel Implant for Contraception: A Nested Randomized Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 10;75(4):586-595. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab1027.
• Donnell D, Beesham I, Welch JD, Heffron R, Pleaner M, Kidoguchi L, Palanee-Phillips T, Ahmed K, Baron D, Bukusi EA, Louw C, Mastro TD, Smit J, Batting JR, Malahleha M, Bailey VC, Beksinska M, Rees H, Baeten JM; ECHO Trial Consortium. Incorporating oral PrEP into standard prevention services for South African women: a nested interrupted time-series study. Lancet HIV. 2021 Aug;8(8):e495-e501. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00048-5. Epub 2021 Jun 11.
• Beksinska M, Issema R, Beesham I, Lalbahadur T, Thomas K, Morrison C, Hofmeyr GJ, Steyn PS, Mugo N, Palanee-Phillips T, Ahmed K, Nair G, Baeten JM, Smit J. Weight change among women using intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, a copper intrauterine device, or a levonorgestrel implant for contraception: Findings from a randomised, multicentre, open-label trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2021 Apr 6;34:100800. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100800. eCollection 2021 Apr.
• Beesham I, Welch JD, Heffron R, Pleaner M, Kidoguchi L, Palanee-Phillips T, Ahmed K, Baron D, Bukusi EA, Louw C, Mastro TD, Smit J, Batting JR, Malahleha M, Bailey VC, Beksinska M, Donnell D, Baeten JM; ECHO Trial Consortium. Integrating oral PrEP delivery among African women in a large HIV endpoint-driven clinical trial. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020 May;23(5):e25491. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25491.
• Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) Trial Consortium. HIV incidence among women using intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, a copper intrauterine device, or a levonorgestrel implant for contraception: a randomised, multicentre, open-label trial. Lancet. 2019 Jul 27;394(10195):303-313. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31288-7. Epub 2019 Jun 13.

Drugs

Indications