Trial of Dichloroacetate in Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency:

Summary

The objective of this research study is to conduct a pivotal phase 3 trial of treatment with the investigational drug dichloroacetate (DCA) in young children with deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). PDC deficiency (PDCD) is the most common cause of congenital lactic acidosis and is a frequently fatal metabolic disease of childhood for which no proven treatment exists. The investigators predict that DCA represents targeted potential therapy for PDCD because of its ability to increase both the catalytic activity and stability of the enzyme complex. The conclusions of numerous laboratory and clinical investigations are consistent with this postulate and have led to the designation of DCA as an Orphan Product for congenital lactic acidosis by the Food and Drug Administration. A novel Observer reported outcome (ObsRO) survey that is completed by study participant's parent/caregiver, is the efficacy outcome measure. Funding Source - FDA OOPD

Timeline

Start

2020-07-14

Primary completion

2025-08-27

Completion

2025-08-27

Publications

• Background Patel KP, O'Brien TW, Subramony SH, Shuster J, Stacpoole PW. The spectrum of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency: clinical, biochemical and genetic features in 371 patients. Mol Genet Metab. 2012 Jul;106(3):385-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.03.017.
• Background DeBrosse SD, Okajima K, Zhang S, Nakouzi G, Schmotzer CL, Lusk-Kopp M, Frohnapfel MB, Grahame G, Kerr DS. Spectrum of neurological and survival outcomes in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) deficiency: lack of correlation with genotype. Mol Genet Metab. 2012 Nov;107(3):394-402. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.09.001. Epub 2012 Sep 7.
• Background Ferriero R, Manco G, Lamantea E, Nusco E, Ferrante MI, Sordino P, Stacpoole PW, Lee B, Zeviani M, Brunetti-Pierri N. Phenylbutyrate therapy for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency and lactic acidosis. Sci Transl Med. 2013 Mar 6;5(175):175ra31. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004986.
• Background Stacpoole PW. The dichloroacetate dilemma: environmental hazard versus therapeutic goldmine--both or neither? Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Feb;119(2):155-8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002554. Epub 2010 Oct 4.
• Background Evans OB, Stacpoole PW. Prolonged hypolactatemia and increased total pyruvate dehydrogenase activity by dichloroacetate. Biochem Pharmacol. 1982 Apr 1;31(7):1295-300. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(82)90019-3.
• Background Han Z, Berendzen K, Zhong L, Surolia I, Chouthai N, Zhao W, Maina N, Srivastava A, Stacpoole PW. A combined therapeutic approach for pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency using self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype-specific vectors and dichloroacetate. Mol Genet Metab. 2008 Apr;93(4):381-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.10.131. Epub 2008 Feb 21.
• Background Ishida N, Kitagawa M, Hatakeyama S, Nakayama K. Phosphorylation at serine 10, a major phosphorylation site of p27(Kip1), increases its protein stability. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 18;275(33):25146-54. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M001144200.
• Background Lu KP, Liou YC, Zhou XZ. Pinning down proline-directed phosphorylation signaling. Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Apr;12(4):164-72. doi: 10.1016/s0962-8924(02)02253-5.
• Background Virshup DM, Eide EJ, Forger DB, Gallego M, Harnish EV. Reversible protein phosphorylation regulates circadian rhythms. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2007;72:413-20. doi: 10.1101/sqb.2007.72.048.
• Background Moretto-Zita M, Jin H, Shen Z, Zhao T, Briggs SP, Xu Y. Phosphorylation stabilizes Nanog by promoting its interaction with Pin1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jul 27;107(30):13312-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1005847107. Epub 2010 Jul 9.
• Background Thomas LW, Lam C, Edwards SW. Mcl-1; the molecular regulation of protein function. FEBS Lett. 2010 Jul 16;584(14):2981-9. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.05.061. Epub 2010 Jun 11.
• Background Henderson GH, Whalen PO, Darr RA, Curry SH, Derendorf H, Baumgartner TG, Stacpoole PW: Development of an oral drug formulation for dichloroacetate and thiamine. Drug Devel Indust Pharm, 20:2425-2437, 1994.
• Background Chu PI, Curry SH, Baumgartner TG, Henderson GN, Stacpoole PW. Preparation and stability of intravenous solutions of sodium dichloroacetate (DCA). J Parenter Sci Technol. 1992 Jan-Feb;46(1):16-8.
• Background Berendzen K, Theriaque DW, Shuster J, Stacpoole PW. Therapeutic potential of dichloroacetate for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Mitochondrion. 2006 Jun;6(3):126-35. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2006.04.001. Epub 2006 May 3.
• Background Stacpoole PW, Kerr DS, Barnes C, Bunch ST, Carney PR, Fennell EM, Felitsyn NM, Gilmore RL, Greer M, Henderson GN, Hutson AD, Neiberger RE, O'Brien RG, Perkins LA, Quisling RG, Shroads AL, Shuster JJ, Silverstein JH, Theriaque DW, Valenstein E. Controlled clinical trial of dichloroacetate for treatment of congenital lactic acidosis in children. Pediatrics. 2006 May;117(5):1519-31. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-1226.
• Background Stacpoole PW, Gilbert LR, Neiberger RE, Carney PR, Valenstein E, Theriaque DW, Shuster JJ. Evaluation of long-term treatment of children with congenital lactic acidosis with dichloroacetate. Pediatrics. 2008 May;121(5):e1223-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-2062. Epub 2008 Apr 14.
• Background Abdelmalak M, Lew A, Ramezani R, Shroads AL, Coats BS, Langaee T, Shankar MN, Neiberger RE, Subramony SH, Stacpoole PW. Long-term safety of dichloroacetate in congenital lactic acidosis. Mol Genet Metab. 2013 Jun;109(2):139-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.03.019. Epub 2013 Apr 6.
• Background Robinson BH. Lactic academia (disorders of pyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase). In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D. (Eds.). The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease, seventh ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 1479-1499, 1995.
• Background Ozlu N, Akten B, Timm W, Haseley N, Steen H, Steen JAJ. Phosphoproteomics. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2010 May-Jun;2(3):255-276. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.41.
• Background U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Guidance for industry: patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims: draft guidance. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006 Oct 11;4:79. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-4-79.
• Background Papadopoulos EJ, Patrick DL, Tassinari MS, Mulberg AE, Epps C, Pariser AR, Burke LB. Clinical outcome assessments for clinical trials in children. In Pediatric Drug Development: Concepts and Applications (Eds. AE Mulberg, D Murphy, J Dunne and LL Mathis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 539-548.
• Background McLeod LD, Coon CD, Martin SA, Fehnel SE, Hays RD. Interpreting patient-reported outcome results: US FDA guidance and emerging methods. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2011 Apr;11(2):163-9. doi: 10.1586/erp.11.12.
• Background Shroads AL, Langaee T, Coats BS, Kurtz TL, Bullock JR, Weithorn D, Gong Y, Wagner DA, Ostrov DA, Johnson JA, Stacpoole PW. Human polymorphisms in the glutathione transferase zeta 1/maleylacetoacetate isomerase gene influence the toxicokinetics of dichloroacetate. J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;52(6):837-49. doi: 10.1177/0091270011405664. Epub 2011 Jun 3.
• Background Dunbar EM, Coats BS, Shroads AL, Langaee T, Lew A, Forder JR, Shuster JJ, Wagner DA, Stacpoole PW. Phase 1 trial of dichloroacetate (DCA) in adults with recurrent malignant brain tumors. Invest New Drugs. 2014 Jun;32(3):452-64. doi: 10.1007/s10637-013-0047-4. Epub 2013 Dec 3.
• Background Shroads AL, Coats BS, McDonough CW, Langaee T, Stacpoole PW. Haplotype variations in glutathione transferase zeta 1 influence the kinetics and dynamics of chronic dichloroacetate in children. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Jan;55(1):50-5. doi: 10.1002/jcph.371. Epub 2014 Aug 6.
• Background Stacpoole PW, Wright EC, Baumgartner TG, Bersin RM, Buchalter S, Curry SH, Duncan CA, Harman EM, Henderson GN, Jenkinson S, et al. A controlled clinical trial of dichloroacetate for treatment of lactic acidosis in adults. The Dichloroacetate-Lactic Acidosis Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1992 Nov 26;327(22):1564-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199211263272204.
• Background Duncan GE, Perkins LA, Theriaque DW, Neiberger RE, Stacpoole PW. Dichloroacetate therapy attenuates the blood lactate response to submaximal exercise in patients with defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Apr;89(4):1733-8. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031684.
• Background Stacpoole PW, deGrauw TJ, Feigenbaum AS, Hoppel C, Kerr DS, McCandless SE, Miles MV, Robinson BH, Tang PH. Design and implementation of the first randomized controlled trial of coenzyme CoQ(1)(0) in children with primary mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrion. 2012 Nov;12(6):623-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.09.005. Epub 2012 Sep 25.
• Background Felitsyn NM, Henderson GN, James MO, Stacpoole PW. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of delta-ALA, tyrosine and creatinine in biological fluids. Clin Chim Acta. 2004 Dec;350(1-2):219-30. doi: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.08.009.
• Background Weber TA, Antognetti MR, Stacpoole PW. Caveats when considering ketogenic diets for the treatment of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. J Pediatr. 2001 Mar;138(3):390-5. doi: 10.1067/mpd.2001.111817.
• Background Shroads AL, Henderson GN, Cheung J, James MO, Stacpoole PW. Unified gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for quantitating tyrosine metabolites in urine and plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004 Sep 5;808(2):153-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.05.005.
• Background Yan Z, Henderson GN, James MO, Stacpoole PW. Determination of dichloroacetate and its metabolites in human plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997 Dec 5;703(1-2):75-84. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00404-0.
• Background Martinelli D, Catteruccia M, Piemonte F, Pastore A, Tozzi G, Dionisi-Vici C, Pontrelli G, Corsetti T, Livadiotti S, Kheifets V, Hinman A, Shrader WD, Thoolen M, Klein MB, Bertini E, Miller G. EPI-743 reverses the progression of the pediatric mitochondrial disease--genetically defined Leigh Syndrome. Mol Genet Metab. 2012 Nov;107(3):383-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.09.007. Epub 2012 Sep 10.
• Background Shroads AL, Guo X, Dixit V, Liu HP, James MO, Stacpoole PW. Age-dependent kinetics and metabolism of dichloroacetate: possible relevance to toxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Mar;324(3):1163-71. doi: 10.1124/jpet.107.134593. Epub 2007 Dec 20.
• Background Sperl W, Fleuren L, Freisinger P, Haack TB, Ribes A, Feichtinger RG, Rodenburg RJ, Zimmermann FA, Koch J, Rivera I, Prokisch H, Smeitink JA, Mayr JA. The spectrum of pyruvate oxidation defects in the diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2015 May;38(3):391-403. doi: 10.1007/s10545-014-9787-3. Epub 2014 Dec 20.
• Background Lehman, EL. Nonparametrics: Statistical methods Based on Ranks. (Page 173). Holden-Day, San Francisco, 1975.

Drugs

Indications