Evaluation Of The Pharmacokinetics Of Antithrombin III In Neonates And Infants Undergoing CPB And ECMO Support

Summary

The potential role of ATIII in achieving and maintaining adequate anticoagulation in pediatric patients on the heart-lung machine has recently taken on increased importance as caregivers strive to mitigate the risk for clinically significant clotting problems. It is known that ATIII levels are decreased in normal neonates and infants less than 6 months of age relative to older children and adults and become even further decreased in critically ill neonates and infants, including those with congenital heart disease. The current utilization of ATIII in the context of support on a heart-lung machine is based on pharmacokinetic data derived from adult subjects with congenital ATIII deficiency. There is a gap in knowledge as to the appropriate frequency of ATIII repletion, best method of monitoring, and mode of administration in critically ill neonates and infants receiving support on a heart-lung machine.Our long-term goal is to determine if antithrombin (ATIII) can effectively change the coagulation system in patients undergoing heart-lung machine support. The objective of this proposal, which is our first step in pursuit of that goal, is to determine the pharmacokinetics of ATIII in neonates and infants. Our central hypothesis is that ATIII will have different pharmacokinetic properties in neonates and infants than adults and these properties will be affected by the use of heart-lung machine. This research will result in critical data on the pharmacokinetics of ATIII in neonates and infants receiving heart-lung machine support. This contribution is significant because it is the first step in a continuum of research that is expected to lead to the development of a therapeutic strategy employing ATIII that will facilitate improved modulation of the coagulation cascade to prevent significant clotting and bleeding complications in pediatric patients requiring heart-lung machine support.

Timeline

Start

2015-06

Primary completion

2018-06

Completion

2018-06

Publications

• Background Guzzetta NA, Bajaj T, Fazlollah T, Szlam F, Wilson E, Kaiser A, Tosone SR, Miller BE. A comparison of heparin management strategies in infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg. 2008 Feb;106(2):419-25, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000297290.03501.db.
• Background D'Argenio DZ. Optimal sampling times for pharmacokinetic experiments. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1981 Dec;9(6):739-56. doi: 10.1007/BF01070904.
• Background Esmon CT. The interactions between inflammation and coagulation. Br J Haematol. 2005 Nov;131(4):417-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05753.x.
• Background Avidan MS, Levy JH, van Aken H, Feneck RO, Latimer RD, Ott E, Martin E, Birnbaum DE, Bonfiglio LJ, Kajdasz DK, Despotis GJ. Recombinant human antithrombin III restores heparin responsiveness and decreases activation of coagulation in heparin-resistant patients during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Jul;130(1):107-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.10.045.

Drugs

Indications

No indication recorded.