Cyclosporine Plus Methotrexate or Alemtuzumab

Summary

The primary aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of the procedure in terms of event-free survival between patients receiving cyclosporine (CsA) plus either alemtuzumab (CAMPATH-1H ) or methotrexate (MTX) after matched related donor allo-reduced intensity conditioning. Secondary aims were: 1. To compare the incidence of infections and transplant-related mortality between the two arms; 2. to compare the incidence of acute and chronic GVHD 3. to evaluate hematologic and immunologic reconstitution and evolution of chimerism and residual disease. Patients were randomly assigned to received cyclosporine plus alemtuzumab or cyclosporine plus MTX and were stratified according to diagnosis: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia or Low grade- non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All patients received the same reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) scheme based on fludarabine 150mg/m2 (30 mg/m2/day everyday from -8 to -4) plus melphalan 140mg/m2 (70 mg/m2/day everyday from -3 to -2). Regarding the GVHD prophylaxis, patients in group 1 (n=17) received CsA 1 mg/kg intravenously starting on day -7 and 2/mg/Kg from day -1 plus alemtuzumab administered at a dose of 20 mg IV on -8 to -4 whereas in group 2 (n=23) pts received CsA at same doses as group 1 plus MTX given at a dose of 15 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 10 mg/m2 on days 3, 6 and 11, followed by folinic acid rescue (15 mg in +1 and 10 mg in +3, +6 and +11 intravenously every 6 hours for 4 doses starting 24 hours after each dose of MTX). Acute and chronic GVHD were similarly graded by established criteria \[20, 21\]. In patients receiving alemtuzumab, CsA was suspended by day +130. They also received donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) at a dose of 1 x 107 cluster of differentiation 3 / kg on day +180 in case of active disease, persistence of minimal residual disease detected by flow cytometry or mixed chimerism and no GVHD. In case mixed chimerism, donor lymphocyte infusion was performed if patient hematopoiesis progressively increased. In patients receiving CsA + MTX, CsA was suspended by day +180. These patients received DLI only in situations specified above. The statistical analysis has been designed to identify a 20% difference in terms of disease-free survival (based on the increased incidence of relapse in patients receiving T-cell depletion).

Timeline

Start

2003-09

Primary completion

2009-11

Completion

2009-11

Outcome

Outcome not reported

Stopped: “The trial was stopped before the targeted number of patients was reached due to lack of support.”

Publications

• Background Kroger N, Shaw B, Iacobelli S, Zabelina T, Peggs K, Shimoni A, Nagler A, Binder T, Eiermann T, Madrigal A, Schwerdtfeger R, Kiehl M, Sayer HG, Beyer J, Bornhauser M, Ayuk F, Zander AR, Marks DI; Clinical Trial Committee of the British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and the German Cooperative Transplant Group. Comparison between antithymocyte globulin and alemtuzumab and the possible impact of KIR-ligand mismatch after dose-reduced conditioning and unrelated stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(5):631-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05513.x.
• Background Chen PM, Tzeng CH, Fan FS, Hsieh RK, Wei CH. Bone marrow transplantation in Taiwan: low incidence of acute GVHD in patients with hematologic malignancies and severe aplastic anemia. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1994 Jun;13(6):709-11.
• Background Przepiorka D, Weisdorf D, Martin P, Klingemann HG, Beatty P, Hows J, Thomas ED. 1994 Consensus Conference on Acute GVHD Grading. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1995 Jun;15(6):825-8.
• Background Sullivan KM, Shulman HM, Storb R, Weiden PL, Witherspoon RP, McDonald GB, Schubert MM, Atkinson K, Thomas ED. Chronic graft-versus-host disease in 52 patients: adverse natural course and successful treatment with combination immunosuppression. Blood. 1981 Feb;57(2):267-76.
• Background Morris E, Thomson K, Craddock C, Mahendra P, Milligan D, Cook G, Smith GM, Parker A, Schey S, Chopra R, Hatton C, Tighe J, Hunter A, Peggs K, Linch D, Goldstone A, Mackinnon S. Outcomes after alemtuzumab-containing reduced-intensity allogeneic transplantation regimen for relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2004 Dec 15;104(13):3865-71. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-03-1105. Epub 2004 Aug 10.
• Background Delgado J, Pillai S, Benjamin R, Caballero D, Martino R, Nathwani A, Lovell R, Thomson K, Perez-Simon JA, Sureda A, Kottaridis P, Vazquez L, Peggs K, Sierra J, Milligan D, Mackinnon S. The effect of in vivo T cell depletion with alemtuzumab on reduced-intensity allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2008 Nov;14(11):1288-97. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.09.001.
• Background Perez-Simon JA, Kottaridis PD, Martino R, Craddock C, Caballero D, Chopra R, Garcia-Conde J, Milligan DW, Schey S, Urbano-Ispizua A, Parker A, Leon A, Yong K, Sureda A, Hunter A, Sierra J, Goldstone AH, Linch DC, San Miguel JF, Mackinnon S; Spanish and United Kingdom Collaborative Groups for Nonmyeloablative Transplantation. Nonmyeloablative transplantation with or without alemtuzumab: comparison between 2 prospective studies in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood. 2002 Nov 1;100(9):3121-7. doi: 10.1182/blood-2002-03-0701.
• Background Martino R, Caballero MD, Canals C, Simon JA, Solano C, Urbano-Ispizua A, Bargay J, Rayon C, Leon A, Sarra J, Odriozola J, Conde JG, Sierra J, San Miguel J; ALLOPBSCT Subcommittee of the Spanish Group for Haematopoietic Transplantation (GETH); Group GEL-TAMO. Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning: results of a prospective multicentre study. Br J Haematol. 2001 Dec;115(3):653-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03153.x.
• Background Schweighofer CD, Ritgen M, Eichhorst BF, Busch R, Abenhardt W, Kneba M, Hallek M, Wendtner CM. Consolidation with alemtuzumab improves progression-free survival in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in first remission: long-term follow-up of a randomized phase III trial of the German CLL Study Group (GCLLSG). Br J Haematol. 2009 Jan;144(1):95-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07394.x. Epub 2008 Oct 30.
• Background Keating MJ, Flinn I, Jain V, Binet JL, Hillmen P, Byrd J, Albitar M, Brettman L, Santabarbara P, Wacker B, Rai KR. Therapeutic role of alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) in patients who have failed fludarabine: results of a large international study. Blood. 2002 May 15;99(10):3554-61. doi: 10.1182/blood.v99.10.3554.
• Background Rai KR, Freter CE, Mercier RJ, Cooper MR, Mitchell BS, Stadtmauer EA, Santabarbara P, Wacker B, Brettman L. Alemtuzumab in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients who also had received fludarabine. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Sep 15;20(18):3891-7. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2002.06.119.
• Background Osterborg A, Dyer MJ, Bunjes D, Pangalis GA, Bastion Y, Catovsky D, Mellstedt H. Phase II multicenter study of human CD52 antibody in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. European Study Group of CAMPATH-1H Treatment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1997 Apr;15(4):1567-74. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.4.1567.
• Background Chakrabarti S, Mackinnon S, Chopra R, Kottaridis PD, Peggs K, O'Gorman P, Chakraverty R, Marshall T, Osman H, Mahendra P, Craddock C, Waldmann H, Hale G, Fegan CD, Yong K, Goldstone AH, Linch DC, Milligan DW. High incidence of cytomegalovirus infection after nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation: potential role of Campath-1H in delaying immune reconstitution. Blood. 2002 Jun 15;99(12):4357-63. doi: 10.1182/blood.v99.12.4357.
• Background Hale G, Cobbold S, Novitzky N, Bunjes D, Willemze R, Prentice HG, Milligan D, MacKinnon S, Waldmann H; CAMPATH Users. CAMPATH-1 antibodies in stem-cell transplantation. Cytotherapy. 2001;3(3):145-64. doi: 10.1080/146532401753173981.
• Background Kottaridis PD, Milligan DW, Chopra R, Chakraverty RK, Chakrabarti S, Robinson S, Peggs K, Verfuerth S, Pettengell R, Marsh JC, Schey S, Mahendra P, Morgan GJ, Hale G, Waldmann H, de Elvira MC, Williams CD, Devereux S, Linch DC, Goldstone AH, Mackinnon S. In vivo CAMPATH-1H prevents graft-versus-host disease following nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2000 Oct 1;96(7):2419-25.
• Background Khouri IF, Przepiorka D, van Besien K, O'Brien S, Palmer JL, Lerner S, Mehra RC, Vriesendorp HM, Andersson BS, Giralt S, Korbling M, Keating MJ, Champlin RE. Allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: timing of transplantation and potential effect of fludarabine on acute graft-versus-host disease. Br J Haematol. 1997 May;97(2):466-73. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.272673.x.
• Background Rondon G, Giralt S, Huh Y, Khouri I, Andersson B, Andreeff M, Champlin R. Graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1996 Sep;18(3):669-72.
• Background van Besien K, Sobocinski KA, Rowlings PA, Murphy SC, Armitage JO, Bishop MR, Chaekal OK, Gale RP, Klein JP, Lazarus HM, McCarthy PL Jr, Raemaekers JM, Reiffers J, Phillips GL, Schattenberg AV, Verdonck LF, Vose JM, Horowitz MM. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for low-grade lymphoma. Blood. 1998 Sep 1;92(5):1832-6.
• Background Khouri IF, Keating M, Korbling M, Przepiorka D, Anderlini P, O'Brien S, Giralt S, Ippoliti C, von Wolff B, Gajewski J, Donato M, Claxton D, Ueno N, Andersson B, Gee A, Champlin R. Transplant-lite: induction of graft-versus-malignancy using fludarabine-based nonablative chemotherapy and allogeneic blood progenitor-cell transplantation as treatment for lymphoid malignancies. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Aug;16(8):2817-24. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.8.2817.
• Background Giralt S, Thall PF, Khouri I, Wang X, Braunschweig I, Ippolitti C, Claxton D, Donato M, Bruton J, Cohen A, Davis M, Andersson BS, Anderlini P, Gajewski J, Kornblau S, Andreeff M, Przepiorka D, Ueno NT, Molldrem J, Champlin R. Melphalan and purine analog-containing preparative regimens: reduced-intensity conditioning for patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic progenitor cell transplantation. Blood. 2001 Feb 1;97(3):631-7. doi: 10.1182/blood.v97.3.631.
• Background Slavin S, Nagler A, Naparstek E, Kapelushnik Y, Aker M, Cividalli G, Varadi G, Kirschbaum M, Ackerstein A, Samuel S, Amar A, Brautbar C, Ben-Tal O, Eldor A, Or R. Nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation and cell therapy as an alternative to conventional bone marrow transplantation with lethal cytoreduction for the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant hematologic diseases. Blood. 1998 Feb 1;91(3):756-63.

Drugs

Indications