Labor and Delivery Implant Insertion: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Summary

A barrier to initiating progestin contraceptives in the early postpartum period is the concern of interference with breastfeeding, specifically lactogenesis. In this trial, the investigators aim to describe the effects of immediate insertion of the contraceptive implant on breastfeeding. The investigators seek to examine the time to lactogenesis with immediate post-delivery insertion in delivery room versus insertion of a contraceptive implant in the postpartum ward prior to medical discharge. For this study, 82 consenting women will be randomized to immediate implant insertion (0-2 hours following delivery) in the delivery room or insertion of the implant following delivery in postpartum room and prior to medical discharge (24-48 hours following delivery). Participants complete a questionnaire that asks questions about breastfeeding continuation, supplementation, duration, and exclusivity. This questionnaire also includes questions about contraceptive continuation, patient satisfaction with implant, pregnancy, and postpartum care visits.

Timeline

Start

2016-10-28

Primary completion

2019-09-06

Completion

2021-07-31

Publications

• Background Finer LB, Zolna MR. Declines in Unintended Pregnancy in the United States, 2008-2011. N Engl J Med. 2016 Mar 3;374(9):843-52. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1506575.
• Background Zhu BP. Effect of interpregnancy interval on birth outcomes: findings from three recent US studies. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2005 Apr;89 Suppl 1:S25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2004.08.002.
• Background Zhu BP, Rolfs RT, Nangle BE, Horan JM. Effect of the interval between pregnancies on perinatal outcomes. N Engl J Med. 1999 Feb 25;340(8):589-94. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199902253400801.
• Background Mayer JP. Unintended childbearing, maternal beliefs, and delay of prenatal care. Birth. 1997 Dec;24(4):247-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-536x.1997.tb00598.x.
• Background Heller R, Cameron S, Briggs R, Forson N, Glasier A. Postpartum contraception: a missed opportunity to prevent unintended pregnancy and short inter-pregnancy intervals. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2016 Apr;42(2):93-8. doi: 10.1136/jfprhc-2014-101165. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
• Background Speroff L, Mishell DR Jr. The postpartum visit: it's time for a change in order to optimally initiate contraception. Contraception. 2008 Aug;78(2):90-8. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.04.005. Epub 2008 Jun 12. No abstract available.
• Background Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Postpartum care visits--11 states and New York City, 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007 Dec 21;56(50):1312-6.
• Background Gariepy AM, Duffy JY, Xu X. Cost-Effectiveness of Immediate Compared With Delayed Postpartum Etonogestrel Implant Insertion. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Jul;126(1):47-55. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000907.
• Background Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Contraceptive use among postpartum women - 12 states and New York City, 2004-2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Aug 7;58(30):821-6.
• Background Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update to CDC's U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2010: revised recommendations for the use of contraceptive methods during the postpartum period. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Jul 8;60(26):878-83.
• Background Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use. 5th edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK321151/
• Background Dunn K, Bayer LL, Mody SK. Postpartum contraception: An exploratory study of lactation consultants' knowledge and practices. Contraception. 2016 Jul;94(1):87-92. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.03.007. Epub 2016 Mar 17.
• Background Duvan CI, Gozdemir E, Kaygusuz I, Kamalak Z, Turhan NO. Etonogestrel contraceptive implant (Implanon): analysis of patient compliance and adverse effects in the breastfeeding period. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2010 Sep 1;11(3):141-4. doi: 10.5152/jtgga.2010.21. eCollection 2010.
• Background Gurtcheff SE, Turok DK, Stoddard G, Murphy PA, Gibson M, Jones KP. Lactogenesis after early postpartum use of the contraceptive implant: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 May;117(5):1114-1121. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182165ee8.
• Background Taneepanichskul S, Reinprayoon D, Thaithumyanon P, Praisuwanna P, Tosukhowong P, Dieben T. Effects of the etonogestrel-releasing implant Implanon and a nonmedicated intrauterine device on the growth of breast-fed infants. Contraception. 2006 Apr;73(4):368-71. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.10.010. Epub 2005 Dec 27.
• Background Brito MB, Ferriani RA, Quintana SM, Yazlle ME, Silva de Sa MF, Vieira CS. Safety of the etonogestrel-releasing implant during the immediate postpartum period: a pilot study. Contraception. 2009 Dec;80(6):519-26. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2009.05.124. Epub 2009 Jul 10.
• Background Braga GC, Ferriolli E, Quintana SM, Ferriani RA, Pfrimer K, Vieira CS. Immediate postpartum initiation of etonogestrel-releasing implant: A randomized controlled trial on breastfeeding impact. Contraception. 2015 Dec;92(6):536-42. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.07.009. Epub 2015 Jul 23.
• Background Chapman DJ, Perez-Escamilla R. Maternal perception of the onset of lactation is a valid, public health indicator of lactogenesis stage II. J Nutr. 2000 Dec;130(12):2972-80. doi: 10.1093/jn/130.12.2972.
• Background Sievers E, Haase S, Oldigs HD, Schaub J. The impact of peripartum factors on the onset and duration of lactation. Biol Neonate. 2003;83(4):246-52. doi: 10.1159/000069485.
• Background Dewey KG. Maternal and fetal stress are associated with impaired lactogenesis in humans. J Nutr. 2001 Nov;131(11):3012S-5S. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.11.3012S.

Drugs

Indications

No indication recorded.