Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Primaquine Enantiomers in Human Volunteers, Study 1

Summary

To investigate the comparative tolerability, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of individual enantiomers of PQ in healthy human volunteers. The specific aim is the comparative evaluation of the metabolism, pharmacokinetic behavior, and tolerability of the isomers of PQ (RPQ and SPQ and the racemic mixture RSPQ) in normal healthy human volunteers.

Timeline

Start

2017-05-01

Primary completion

2018-03-01

Completion

2018-03-01

Publications

• Results Avula B, Tekwani BL, Chaurasiya ND, Nanayakkara NP, Wang YH, Khan SI, Adelli VR, Sahu R, Elsohly MA, McChesney JD, Khan IA, Walker LA. Profiling primaquine metabolites in primary human hepatocytes using UHPLC-QTOF-MS with 13C stable isotope labeling. J Mass Spectrom. 2013 Feb;48(2):276-85. doi: 10.1002/jms.3122.
• Results Avula B, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Nanayakkara NP, McChesney JD, Walker LA, Khan IA. Analysis of primaquine and its metabolite carboxyprimaquine in biological samples: enantiomeric separation, method validation and quantification. Biomed Chromatogr. 2011 Sep;25(9):1010-7. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1557. Epub 2010 Nov 5.
• Results Baker JK, McChesney JD. Differential metabolism of the enantiomers of primaquine. J Pharm Sci. 1988 May;77(5):380-2. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600770503.
• Results Lu H. Stereoselectivity in drug metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2007 Apr;3(2):149-58. doi: 10.1517/17425255.3.2.149.
• Results Fasinu PS, Tekwani BL, Nanayakkara NP, Avula B, Herath HM, Wang YH, Adelli VR, Elsohly MA, Khan SI, Khan IA, Pybus BS, Marcsisin SR, Reichard GA, McChesney JD, Walker LA. Enantioselective metabolism of primaquine by human CYP2D6. Malar J. 2014 Dec 17;13:507. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-507.
• Results Fasinu PS, Avula B, Tekwani BL, Nanayakkara NP, Wang YH, Bandara Herath HM, McChesney JD, Reichard GA, Marcsisin SR, Elsohly MA, Khan SI, Khan IA, Walker LA. Differential kinetic profiles and metabolism of primaquine enantiomers by human hepatocytes. Malar J. 2016 Apr 19;15:224. doi: 10.1186/s12936-016-1270-1.
• Results Graves PM, Gelband H, Garner P. Primaquine or other 8-aminoquinoline for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 19;(2):CD008152. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008152.pub4.
• Results Jin X, Pybus BS, Marcsisin R, Logan T, Luong TL, Sousa J, Matlock N, Collazo V, Asher C, Carroll D, Olmeda R, Walker LA, Kozar MP, Melendez V. An LC-MS based study of the metabolic profile of primaquine, an 8-aminoquinoline antiparasitic drug, with an in vitro primary human hepatocyte culture model. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2014 Jun;39(2):139-46. doi: 10.1007/s13318-013-0139-8.
• Results Mihaly GW, Ward SA, Edwards G, Orme ML, Breckenridge AM. Pharmacokinetics of primaquine in man: identification of the carboxylic acid derivative as a major plasma metabolite. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1984 Apr;17(4):441-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02369.x.
• Results Nanayakkara NP, Ager AL Jr, Bartlett MS, Yardley V, Croft SL, Khan IA, McChesney JD, Walker LA. Antiparasitic activities and toxicities of individual enantiomers of the 8-aminoquinoline 8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxy-4-methyl-5-[3,4-dichlorophenoxy]quinoline succinate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Jun;52(6):2130-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00645-07. Epub 2008 Mar 31.
• Results Nanayakkara NP, Tekwani BL, Herath HM, Sahu R, Gettayacamin M, Tungtaeng A, van Gessel Y, Baresel P, Wickham KS, Bartlett MS, Fronczek FR, Melendez V, Ohrt C, Reichard GA, McChesney JD, Rochford R, Walker LA. Scalable preparation and differential pharmacologic and toxicologic profiles of primaquine enantiomers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Aug;58(8):4737-44. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02674-13. Epub 2014 Jun 9.
• Results Potter BM, Xie LH, Vuong C, Zhang J, Zhang P, Duan D, Luong TL, Bandara Herath HM, Dhammika Nanayakkara NP, Tekwani BL, Walker LA, Nolan CK, Sciotti RJ, Zottig VE, Smith PL, Paris RM, Read LT, Li Q, Pybus BS, Sousa JC, Reichard GA, Marcsisin SR. Differential CYP 2D6 metabolism alters primaquine pharmacokinetics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Apr;59(4):2380-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00015-15. Epub 2015 Feb 2.
• Results Pybus BS, Marcsisin SR, Jin X, Deye G, Sousa JC, Li Q, Caridha D, Zeng Q, Reichard GA, Ockenhouse C, Bennett J, Walker LA, Ohrt C, Melendez V. The metabolism of primaquine to its active metabolite is dependent on CYP 2D6. Malar J. 2013 Jun 20;12:212. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-212.
• Results Saunders D, Vanachayangkul P, Imerbsin R, Khemawoot P, Siripokasupkul R, Tekwani BL, Sampath A, Nanayakkara NP, Ohrt C, Lanteri C, Gettyacamin M, Teja-Isavadharm P, Walker L. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of (+)-primaquine and (-)-primaquine enantiomers in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Dec;58(12):7283-91. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02576-13. Epub 2014 Sep 29.
• Results Schmidt LH, Alexander S, Allen L, Rasco J. Comparison of the curative antimalarial activities and toxicities of primaquine and its d and l isomers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1977 Jul;12(1):51-60. doi: 10.1128/AAC.12.1.51.
• Results Tekwani BL, Walker LA. 8-Aminoquinolines: future role as antiprotozoal drugs. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006 Dec;19(6):623-31. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e328010b848.
• Results Tekwani BL, Avula B, Sahu R, Chaurasiya ND, Khan SI, Jain S, Fasinu PS, Herath HM, Stanford D, Nanayakkara NP, McChesney JD, Yates TW, ElSohly MA, Khan IA, Walker LA. Enantioselective pharmacokinetics of primaquine in healthy human volunteers. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Apr;43(4):571-7. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.061127. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
• Results Vale N, Moreira R, Gomes P. Primaquine revisited six decades after its discovery. Eur J Med Chem. 2009 Mar;44(3):937-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.08.011. Epub 2008 Sep 11.
• Results Vasquez-Vivar J, Augusto O. Hydroxylated metabolites of the antimalarial drug primaquine. Oxidation and redox cycling. J Biol Chem. 1992 Apr 5;267(10):6848-54.

Drugs

Indications