ELEKT-D: Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) vs. Ketamine in Patients With Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD)

Summary

The goal of the study is to conduct a comparative randomized trial of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) vs. ketamine for patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD) in a real world setting with patient reported outcomes as primary and secondary outcome measures.

Timeline

Start

2017-04-07

Primary completion

2022-10-28

Completion

2022-11-17

Publications

• Background Nemeroff CB. Prevalence and management of treatment-resistant depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68 Suppl 8:17-25.
• Background Kellner CH, Greenberg RM, Murrough JW, Bryson EO, Briggs MC, Pasculli RM. ECT in treatment-resistant depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2012 Dec;169(12):1238-44. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12050648.
• Background Lisanby SH. Electroconvulsive therapy for depression. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 8;357(19):1939-45. doi: 10.1056/NEJMct075234. No abstract available.
• Background Newport DJ, Carpenter LL, McDonald WM, Potash JB, Tohen M, Nemeroff CB; APA Council of Research Task Force on Novel Biomarkers and Treatments. Ketamine and Other NMDA Antagonists: Early Clinical Trials and Possible Mechanisms in Depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2015 Oct;172(10):950-66. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15040465.
• Background Sanacora G, Heimer H, Hartman D, Mathew SJ, Frye M, Nemeroff C, Robinson Beale R. Balancing the Promise and Risks of Ketamine Treatment for Mood Disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017 May;42(6):1179-1181. doi: 10.1038/npp.2016.193. Epub 2016 Sep 19. No abstract available.
• Kumpf KT, Wilkinson ST, Hu B, Chen R, Krishnan K, Chakrabarti S, Rhee TG, Grezmak T, Mathew SJ, Sanacora G, Murrough JW, Goes FS, Collins KA, Barnett BS, Anand A. Comparing the Cognitive Effects of Repeated Intravenous Ketamine and Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Secondary Analysis of the ELEKT-D Trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2025 Sep 3;86(4):25m15781. doi: 10.4088/JCP.25m15781.
• Anand A, Mathew SJ, Sanacora G, Murrough JW, Goes FS, Altinay M, Aloysi AS, Asghar-Ali AA, Barnett BS, Chang LC, Collins KA, Costi S, Iqbal S, Jha MK, Krishnan K, Malone DA, Nikayin S, Nissen SE, Ostroff RB, Reti IM, Wilkinson ST, Wolski K, Hu B. Ketamine versus ECT for Nonpsychotic Treatment-Resistant Major Depression. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jun 22;388(25):2315-2325. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2302399. Epub 2023 May 24.
• Mathew SJ, Wilkinson ST, Altinay M, Asghar-Ali A, Chang LC, Collins KA, Dale RM, Hu B, Krishnan K, Kellner CH, Malone DA, Murrough JW, Ostroff RB, Sanacora G, Shao M, Anand A. ELEctroconvulsive therapy (ECT) vs. Ketamine in patients with Treatment-resistant Depression: The ELEKT-D study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials. 2019 Feb;77:19-26. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.12.009. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Drugs

Indications