ENDURE - Efficacy and Safety of AOP2014 With CML Patients in Remission

Summary

A randomized, open-label assessor blinded, multi-center, controlled phase III Trial to evaluate the efficacy of AOP2014 administered bi-weekly subcutaneously (s.c.) in preventing molecular relapse (loss of MMR) in CML patients, who discontinue ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy (TKI) in deep molecular remission of MR4 or better (MR4.5, or MR5).

Timeline

Start

2017-05-04

Primary completion

2022-01-26

Completion

2022-12-12

Publications

• Background Ben-Neriah Y, Daley GQ, Mes-Masson AM, Witte ON, Baltimore D. The chronic myelogenous leukemia-specific P210 protein is the product of the bcr/abl hybrid gene. Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):212-4. doi: 10.1126/science.3460176.
• Background Daley GQ, Van Etten RA, Baltimore D. Induction of chronic myelogenous leukemia in mice by the P210bcr/abl gene of the Philadelphia chromosome. Science. 1990 Feb 16;247(4944):824-30. doi: 10.1126/science.2406902.
• Background Perrotti D, Jamieson C, Goldman J, Skorski T. Chronic myeloid leukemia: mechanisms of blastic transformation. J Clin Invest. 2010 Jul;120(7):2254-64. doi: 10.1172/JCI41246. Epub 2010 Jul 1.
• Background Saussele S, Lauseker M, Gratwohl A, Beelen DW, Bunjes D, Schwerdtfeger R, Kolb HJ, Ho AD, Falge C, Holler E, Schlimok G, Zander AR, Arnold R, Kanz L, Dengler R, Haferlach C, Schlegelberger B, Pfirrmann M, Muller MC, Schnittger S, Leitner A, Pletsch N, Hochhaus A, Hasford J, Hehlmann R; German CML Study Group. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo SCT) for chronic myeloid leukemia in the imatinib era: evaluation of its impact within a subgroup of the randomized German CML Study IV. Blood. 2010 Mar 11;115(10):1880-5. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-08-237115. Epub 2009 Nov 18.
• Background Hochhaus A, O'Brien SG, Guilhot F, Druker BJ, Branford S, Foroni L, Goldman JM, Muller MC, Radich JP, Rudoltz M, Mone M, Gathmann I, Hughes TP, Larson RA; IRIS Investigators. Six-year follow-up of patients receiving imatinib for the first-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2009 Jun;23(6):1054-61. doi: 10.1038/leu.2009.38. Epub 2009 Mar 12.
• Background Larson RA, Hochhaus A, Hughes TP, Clark RE, Etienne G, Kim DW, Flinn IW, Kurokawa M, Moiraghi B, Yu R, Blakesley RE, Gallagher NJ, Saglio G, Kantarjian HM. Nilotinib vs imatinib in patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: ENESTnd 3-year follow-up. Leukemia. 2012 Oct;26(10):2197-203. doi: 10.1038/leu.2012.134. Epub 2012 May 18.
• Background Jabbour E, Kantarjian HM, Saglio G, Steegmann JL, Shah NP, Boque C, Chuah C, Pavlovsky C, Mayer J, Cortes J, Baccarani M, Kim DW, Bradley-Garelik MB, Mohamed H, Wildgust M, Hochhaus A. Early response with dasatinib or imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia: 3-year follow-up from a randomized phase 3 trial (DASISION). Blood. 2014 Jan 23;123(4):494-500. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-06-511592. Epub 2013 Dec 5.
• Background Baccarani M, Deininger MW, Rosti G, Hochhaus A, Soverini S, Apperley JF, Cervantes F, Clark RE, Cortes JE, Guilhot F, Hjorth-Hansen H, Hughes TP, Kantarjian HM, Kim DW, Larson RA, Lipton JH, Mahon FX, Martinelli G, Mayer J, Muller MC, Niederwieser D, Pane F, Radich JP, Rousselot P, Saglio G, Saussele S, Schiffer C, Silver R, Simonsson B, Steegmann JL, Goldman JM, Hehlmann R. European LeukemiaNet recommendations for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia: 2013. Blood. 2013 Aug 8;122(6):872-84. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-05-501569. Epub 2013 Jun 26.
• Background Cross NC, White HE, Muller MC, Saglio G, Hochhaus A. Standardized definitions of molecular response in chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2012 Oct;26(10):2172-5. doi: 10.1038/leu.2012.104. Epub 2012 Apr 16.
• Background Muller MC, Cross NC, Erben P, Schenk T, Hanfstein B, Ernst T, Hehlmann R, Branford S, Saglio G, Hochhaus A. Harmonization of molecular monitoring of CML therapy in Europe. Leukemia. 2009 Nov;23(11):1957-63. doi: 10.1038/leu.2009.168. Epub 2009 Aug 27.
• Background Hehlmann R, Muller MC, Lauseker M, Hanfstein B, Fabarius A, Schreiber A, Proetel U, Pletsch N, Pfirrmann M, Haferlach C, Schnittger S, Einsele H, Dengler J, Falge C, Kanz L, Neubauer A, Kneba M, Stegelmann F, Pfreundschuh M, Waller CF, Spiekermann K, Baerlocher GM, Ehninger G, Heim D, Heimpel H, Nerl C, Krause SW, Hossfeld DK, Kolb HJ, Hasford J, Saussele S, Hochhaus A. Deep molecular response is reached by the majority of patients treated with imatinib, predicts survival, and is achieved more quickly by optimized high-dose imatinib: results from the randomized CML-study IV. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Feb 10;32(5):415-23. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.49.9020. Epub 2013 Dec 2.
• Background Graham SM, Jorgensen HG, Allan E, Pearson C, Alcorn MJ, Richmond L, Holyoake TL. Primitive, quiescent, Philadelphia-positive stem cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia are insensitive to STI571 in vitro. Blood. 2002 Jan 1;99(1):319-25. doi: 10.1182/blood.v99.1.319.
• Background Corbin AS, Agarwal A, Loriaux M, Cortes J, Deininger MW, Druker BJ. Human chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells are insensitive to imatinib despite inhibition of BCR-ABL activity. J Clin Invest. 2011 Jan;121(1):396-409. doi: 10.1172/JCI35721. Epub 2010 Dec 13.
• Background Cortes J, O'Brien S, Kantarjian H. Discontinuation of imatinib therapy after achieving a molecular response. Blood. 2004 Oct 1;104(7):2204-5. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-04-1335. No abstract available.
• Background Rousselot P, Huguet F, Rea D, Legros L, Cayuela JM, Maarek O, Blanchet O, Marit G, Gluckman E, Reiffers J, Gardembas M, Mahon FX. Imatinib mesylate discontinuation in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in complete molecular remission for more than 2 years. Blood. 2007 Jan 1;109(1):58-60. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-03-011239. Epub 2006 Sep 14.
• Background Mahon FX, Rea D, Guilhot J, Guilhot F, Huguet F, Nicolini F, Legros L, Charbonnier A, Guerci A, Varet B, Etienne G, Reiffers J, Rousselot P; Intergroupe Francais des Leucemies Myeloides Chroniques. Discontinuation of imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia who have maintained complete molecular remission for at least 2 years: the prospective, multicentre Stop Imatinib (STIM) trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Nov;11(11):1029-35. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70233-3. Epub 2010 Oct 19.
• Background Ross DM, Branford S, Seymour JF, Schwarer AP, Arthur C, Yeung DT, Dang P, Goyne JM, Slader C, Filshie RJ, Mills AK, Melo JV, White DL, Grigg AP, Hughes TP. Safety and efficacy of imatinib cessation for CML patients with stable undetectable minimal residual disease: results from the TWISTER study. Blood. 2013 Jul 25;122(4):515-22. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-02-483750. Epub 2013 May 23.
• Background Rousselot P, Charbonnier A, Cony-Makhoul P, Agape P, Nicolini FE, Varet B, Gardembas M, Etienne G, Rea D, Roy L, Escoffre-Barbe M, Guerci-Bresler A, Tulliez M, Prost S, Spentchian M, Cayuela JM, Reiffers J, Chomel JC, Turhan A, Guilhot J, Guilhot F, Mahon FX. Loss of major molecular response as a trigger for restarting tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in patients with chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia who have stopped imatinib after durable undetectable disease. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Feb 10;32(5):424-30. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.48.5797. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
• Background Branford S, Yeung DT, Ross DM, Prime JA, Field CR, Altamura HK, Yeoman AL, Georgievski J, Jamison BA, Phillis S, Sullivan B, Briggs NE, Hertzberg M, Seymour JF, Reynolds J, Hughes TP. Early molecular response and female sex strongly predict stable undetectable BCR-ABL1, the criteria for imatinib discontinuation in patients with CML. Blood. 2013 May 9;121(19):3818-24. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-10-462291. Epub 2013 Mar 20.
• Background Talpaz M, Kantarjian HM, McCredie KB, Keating MJ, Trujillo J, Gutterman J. Clinical investigation of human alpha interferon in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood. 1987 May;69(5):1280-8.
• Background Talpaz M, Kantarjian HM, McCredie K, Trujillo JM, Keating MJ, Gutterman JU. Hematologic remission and cytogenetic improvement induced by recombinant human interferon alpha A in chronic myelogenous leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1986 Apr 24;314(17):1065-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198604243141701.
• Background Hehlmann R, Heimpel H, Hasford J, Kolb HJ, Pralle H, Hossfeld DK, Queisser W, Loffler H, Hochhaus A, Heinze B, et al. Randomized comparison of interferon-alpha with busulfan and hydroxyurea in chronic myelogenous leukemia. The German CML Study Group. Blood. 1994 Dec 15;84(12):4064-77.
• Background Guilhot F, Chastang C, Michallet M, Guerci A, Harousseau JL, Maloisel F, Bouabdallah R, Guyotat D, Cheron N, Nicolini F, Abgrall JF, Tanzer J. Interferon alfa-2b combined with cytarabine versus interferon alone in chronic myelogenous leukemia. French Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jul 24;337(4):223-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199707243370402.
• Background Hughes TP, Kaeda J, Branford S, Rudzki Z, Hochhaus A, Hensley ML, Gathmann I, Bolton AE, van Hoomissen IC, Goldman JM, Radich JP; International Randomised Study of Interferon versus STI571 (IRIS) Study Group. Frequency of major molecular responses to imatinib or interferon alfa plus cytarabine in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2003 Oct 9;349(15):1423-32. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa030513.
• Background Hochhaus A, Reiter A, Saussele S, Reichert A, Emig M, Kaeda J, Schultheis B, Berger U, Shepherd PC, Allan NC, Hehlmann R, Goldman JM, Cross NC. Molecular heterogeneity in complete cytogenetic responders after interferon-alpha therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia: low levels of minimal residual disease are associated with continuing remission. German CML Study Group and the UK MRC CML Study Group. Blood. 2000 Jan 1;95(1):62-6.
• Background Bonifazi F, de Vivo A, Rosti G, Guilhot F, Guilhot J, Trabacchi E, Hehlmann R, Hochhaus A, Shepherd PC, Steegmann JL, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Thaler J, Simonsson B, Louwagie A, Reiffers J, Mahon FX, Montefusco E, Alimena G, Hasford J, Richards S, Saglio G, Testoni N, Martinelli G, Tura S, Baccarani M; Europena Study Group on Interferon in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia; Italian Cooperative Study Group on CML; France Intergroup of CML; German CML Study Group; UK Medical Research Council Working Party on CML; Spanish CML Study Group; Australian CML Study Group; Swedish CML Study Group. Chronic myeloid leukemia and interferon-alpha: a study of complete cytogenetic responders. Blood. 2001 Nov 15;98(10):3074-81. doi: 10.1182/blood.v98.10.3074.
• Background Mahon FX, Delbrel X, Cony-Makhoul P, Faberes C, Boiron JM, Barthe C, Bilhou-Nabera C, Pigneux A, Marit G, Reiffers J. Follow-up of complete cytogenetic remission in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia after cessation of interferon alfa. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Jan 1;20(1):214-20. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.1.214.
• Background Mauro MJ, Druker BJ, Maziarz RT. Divergent clinical outcome in two CML patients who discontinued imatinib therapy after achieving a molecular remission. Leuk Res. 2004 May;28 Suppl 1:S71-3. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2003.10.017.
• Background Merante S, Orlandi E, Bernasconi P, Calatroni S, Boni M, Lazzarino M. Outcome of four patients with chronic myeloid leukemia after imatinib mesylate discontinuation. Haematologica. 2005 Jul;90(7):979-81.
• Background Burchert A, Wolfl S, Schmidt M, Brendel C, Denecke B, Cai D, Odyvanova L, Lahaye T, Muller MC, Berg T, Gschaidmeier H, Wittig B, Hehlmann R, Hochhaus A, Neubauer A. Interferon-alpha, but not the ABL-kinase inhibitor imatinib (STI571), induces expression of myeloblastin and a specific T-cell response in chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2003 Jan 1;101(1):259-64. doi: 10.1182/blood-2002-02-0659. Epub 2002 Jun 28.
• Background Molldrem JJ, Lee PP, Wang C, Felio K, Kantarjian HM, Champlin RE, Davis MM. Evidence that specific T lymphocytes may participate in the elimination of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Nat Med. 2000 Sep;6(9):1018-23. doi: 10.1038/79526.
• Background Molldrem JJ, Lee PP, Kant S, Wieder E, Jiang W, Lu S, Wang C, Davis MM. Chronic myelogenous leukemia shapes host immunity by selective deletion of high-avidity leukemia-specific T cells. J Clin Invest. 2003 Mar;111(5):639-47. doi: 10.1172/JCI16398.
• Background Kreutzman A, Rohon P, Faber E, Indrak K, Juvonen V, Kairisto V, Voglova J, Sinisalo M, Flochova E, Vakkila J, Arstila P, Porkka K, Mustjoki S. Chronic myeloid leukemia patients in prolonged remission following interferon-alpha monotherapy have distinct cytokine and oligoclonal lymphocyte profile. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23022. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023022. Epub 2011 Aug 9.
• Background Baccarani M, Martinelli G, Rosti G, Trabacchi E, Testoni N, Bassi S, Amabile M, Soverini S, Castagnetti F, Cilloni D, Izzo B, de Vivo A, Messa E, Bonifazi F, Poerio A, Luatti S, Giugliano E, Alberti D, Fincato G, Russo D, Pane F, Saglio G; GIMEMA Working Party on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Imatinib and pegylated human recombinant interferon-alpha2b in early chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2004 Dec 15;104(13):4245-51. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-03-0826. Epub 2004 Aug 19.
• Background Preudhomme C, Guilhot J, Nicolini FE, Guerci-Bresler A, Rigal-Huguet F, Maloisel F, Coiteux V, Gardembas M, Berthou C, Vekhoff A, Rea D, Jourdan E, Allard C, Delmer A, Rousselot P, Legros L, Berger M, Corm S, Etienne G, Roche-Lestienne C, Eclache V, Mahon FX, Guilhot F; SPIRIT Investigators; France Intergroupe des Leucemies Myeloides Chroniques (Fi-LMC). Imatinib plus peginterferon alfa-2a in chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 23;363(26):2511-21. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1004095.
• Background Simonsson B, Gedde-Dahl T, Markevarn B, Remes K, Stentoft J, Almqvist A, Bjoreman M, Flogegard M, Koskenvesa P, Lindblom A, Malm C, Mustjoki S, Myhr-Eriksson K, Ohm L, Rasanen A, Sinisalo M, Sjalander A, Stromberg U, Bjerrum OW, Ehrencrona H, Gruber F, Kairisto V, Olsson K, Sandin F, Nagler A, Nielsen JL, Hjorth-Hansen H, Porkka K; Nordic CML Study Group. Combination of pegylated IFN-alpha2b with imatinib increases molecular response rates in patients with low- or intermediate-risk chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2011 Sep 22;118(12):3228-35. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-02-336685. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
• Background Hehlmann R, Lauseker M, Jung-Munkwitz S, Leitner A, Muller MC, Pletsch N, Proetel U, Haferlach C, Schlegelberger B, Balleisen L, Hanel M, Pfirrmann M, Krause SW, Nerl C, Pralle H, Gratwohl A, Hossfeld DK, Hasford J, Hochhaus A, Saussele S. Tolerability-adapted imatinib 800 mg/d versus 400 mg/d versus 400 mg/d plus interferon-alpha in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Apr 20;29(12):1634-42. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.32.0598. Epub 2011 Mar 21.
• Background Nicolini FE, Etienne G, Dubruille V, Roy L, Huguet F, Legros L, Giraudier S, Coiteux V, Guerci-Bresler A, Lenain P, Cony-Makhoul P, Gardembas M, Hermet E, Rousselot P, Ame S, Gagnieu MC, Pivot C, Hayette S, Maguer-Satta V, Etienne M, Dulucq S, Rea D, Mahon FX. Nilotinib and peginterferon alfa-2a for newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (NiloPeg): a multicentre, non-randomised, open-label phase 2 study. Lancet Haematol. 2015 Jan;2(1):e37-46. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(14)00027-1. Epub 2015 Jan 7.
• Background Burchert A, Muller MC, Kostrewa P, Erben P, Bostel T, Liebler S, Hehlmann R, Neubauer A, Hochhaus A. Sustained molecular response with interferon alfa maintenance after induction therapy with imatinib plus interferon alfa in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Mar 10;28(8):1429-35. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.5075. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
• Background Burchert A, Saussele S, Eigendorff E, Muller MC, Sohlbach K, Inselmann S, Schutz C, Metzelder SK, Ziermann J, Kostrewa P, Hoffmann J, Hehlmann R, Neubauer A, Hochhaus A. Interferon alpha 2 maintenance therapy may enable high rates of treatment discontinuation in chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2015 Jun;29(6):1331-5. doi: 10.1038/leu.2015.45. Epub 2015 Feb 25.
• Background Baccarani M, Rosti G, de Vivo A, Bonifazi F, Russo D, Martinelli G, Testoni N, Amabile M, Fiacchini M, Montefusco E, Saglio G, Tura S; Italian Cooperative Study Group on Myeloid Leukemia. A randomized study of interferon-alpha versus interferon-alpha and low-dose arabinosyl cytosine in chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2002 Mar 1;99(5):1527-35. doi: 10.1182/blood.v99.5.1527.
• Background Lipton JH, Khoroshko N, Golenkov A, Abdulkadyrov K, Nair K, Raghunadharao D, Brummendorf T, Yoo K, Bergstrom B; Pegasys CML Study Group. Phase II, randomized, multicenter, comparative study of peginterferon-alpha-2a (40 kD) (Pegasys) versus interferon alpha-2a (Roferon-A) in patients with treatment-naive, chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2007 Mar;48(3):497-505. doi: 10.1080/10428190601175393.
• Background Koskenvesa P, Kreutzman A, Rohon P, Pihlman M, Vakkila E, Rasanen A, Vapaatalo M, Remes K, Lundan T, Hjorth-Hansen H, Vakkila J, Simonsson B, Mustjoki S, Porkka K. Imatinib and pegylated IFN-alpha2b discontinuation in first-line chronic myeloid leukemia patients following a major molecular response. Eur J Haematol. 2014;92(5):413-20. doi: 10.1111/ejh.12258. Epub 2014 Jan 28.
• Background Faderl S, Talpaz M, Estrov Z, Kantarjian HM. Chronic myelogenous leukemia: biology and therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1999 Aug 3;131(3):207-19. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-131-3-199908030-00008.
• Background Saussele S, Richter J, Hochhaus A, Mahon FX. The concept of treatment-free remission in chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2016 Aug;30(8):1638-47. doi: 10.1038/leu.2016.115. Epub 2016 May 2.
• Background Rea D, Nicolini FE, Tulliez M, Guilhot F, Guilhot J, Guerci-Bresler A, Gardembas M, Coiteux V, Guillerm G, Legros L, Etienne G, Pignon JM, Villemagne B, Escoffre-Barbe M, Ianotto JC, Charbonnier A, Johnson-Ansah H, Noel MP, Rousselot P, Mahon FX; France Intergroupe des Leucemies Myeloides Chroniques. Discontinuation of dasatinib or nilotinib in chronic myeloid leukemia: interim analysis of the STOP 2G-TKI study. Blood. 2017 Feb 16;129(7):846-854. doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-742205. Epub 2016 Dec 8.
• Background Mahon, F., Richter, J., Guilhot, J., Muller, M. C., Dietz, C., Porkka, K., Hjorth-Hansen, H., Gruber, F., Panagoitidis, P., Ossenkoppele, G. J., Mayer, J., Almeida, A., Machova Polakova, K., Ehrencrona, H., Kairisto, V., Berger, M. G., Olsson stromberg, U., Mustjoki, S., Hochhaus, A., Pfirrmann, M., & Saussele, S. (2014). Interim Analysis of a Pan European Stop Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Trial in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia : The EURO-SKI study. Blood, 124(21), 151. Accessed March 07, 2017. Retrieved from http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/124/21/151.
• Background Kluin-Nelemans HC, Kester MG, van deCorput L, Boor PP, Landegent JE, van Dongen JJ, Willemze R, Falkenburg JH. Correction of abnormal T-cell receptor repertoire during interferon-alpha therapy in patients with hairy cell leukemia. Blood. 1998 Jun 1;91(11):4224-31.
• Background Kantarjian HM, O'Brien S, Cortes JE, Shan J, Giles FJ, Rios MB, Faderl SH, Wierda WG, Ferrajoli A, Verstovsek S, Keating MJ, Freireich EJ, Talpaz M. Complete cytogenetic and molecular responses to interferon-alpha-based therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia are associated with excellent long-term prognosis. Cancer. 2003 Feb 15;97(4):1033-41. doi: 10.1002/cncr.11223.
• Background Hasford J, Baccarani M, Hoffmann V, Guilhot J, Saussele S, Rosti G, Guilhot F, Porkka K, Ossenkoppele G, Lindoerfer D, Simonsson B, Pfirrmann M, Hehlmann R. Predicting complete cytogenetic response and subsequent progression-free survival in 2060 patients with CML on imatinib treatment: the EUTOS score. Blood. 2011 Jul 21;118(3):686-92. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-319038. Epub 2011 May 2.
• Background Pfirrmann M, Lauseker M, Hoffmann VS, Hasford J. Prognostic scores for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia under particular consideration of competing causes of death. Ann Hematol. 2015 Apr;94 Suppl 2:S209-18. doi: 10.1007/s00277-015-2316-0. Epub 2015 Mar 27.
• Background Rasimas J, Katsounas A, Raza H, Murphy AA, Yang J, Lempicki RA, Osinusi A, Masur H, Polis M, Kottilil S, Rosenstein D. Gene expression profiles predict emergence of psychiatric adverse events in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients on interferon-based HCV therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 Jul 1;60(3):273-81. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824c17c4.
• Background Sokal JE, Cox EB, Baccarani M, Tura S, Gomez GA, Robertson JE, Tso CY, Braun TJ, Clarkson BD, Cervantes F, et al. Prognostic discrimination in "good-risk" chronic granulocytic leukemia. Blood. 1984 Apr;63(4):789-99.
• Background Hasford J, Pfirrmann M, Hehlmann R, Allan NC, Baccarani M, Kluin-Nelemans JC, Alimena G, Steegmann JL, Ansari H. A new prognostic score for survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with interferon alfa. Writing Committee for the Collaborative CML Prognostic Factors Project Group. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998 Jun 3;90(11):850-8. doi: 10.1093/jnci/90.11.850.
• Background Pfirrmann M, Baccarani M, Saussele S, Guilhot J, Cervantes F, Ossenkoppele G, Hoffmann VS, Castagnetti F, Hasford J, Hehlmann R, Simonsson B. Prognosis of long-term survival considering disease-specific death in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2016 Jan;30(1):48-56. doi: 10.1038/leu.2015.261. Epub 2015 Sep 29.
• Background Tateno M, Honda M, Kawamura T, Honda H, Kaneko S. Expression profiling of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic hepatitis C undergoing interferon therapy. J Infect Dis. 2007 Jan 15;195(2):255-67. doi: 10.1086/509893. Epub 2006 Dec 13.
• Background Zimmerer JM, Lesinski GB, Ruppert AS, Radmacher MD, Noble C, Kendra K, Walker MJ, Carson WE 3rd. Gene expression profiling reveals similarities between the in vitro and in vivo responses of immune effector cells to IFN-alpha. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Sep 15;14(18):5900-6. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0846.
• Background Osinusi A, Rasimas JJ, Bishop R, Proschan M, McLaughlin M, Murphy A, Cortez KJ, Polis MA, Masur H, Rosenstein D, Kottilil S. HIV/Hepatitis C virus-coinfected virologic responders to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy more frequently incur interferon-related adverse events than nonresponders do. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Mar;53(3):357-63. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181c7a29d.
• Background Hasham A, Zhang W, Lotay V, Haggerty S, Stefan M, Concepcion E, Dieterich DT, Tomer Y. Genetic analysis of interferon induced thyroiditis (IIT): evidence for a key role for MHC and apoptosis related genes and pathways. J Autoimmun. 2013 Aug;44:61-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.04.002. Epub 2013 May 15.
• Background Pfirrmann M, Hochhaus A, Lauseker M, Saussele S, Hehlmann R, Hasford J. Recommendations to meet statistical challenges arising from endpoints beyond overall survival in clinical trials on chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2011 Sep;25(9):1433-8. doi: 10.1038/leu.2011.116. Epub 2011 May 20.
• Background Putter H, Fiocco M, Geskus RB. Tutorial in biostatistics: competing risks and multi-state models. Stat Med. 2007 May 20;26(11):2389-430. doi: 10.1002/sim.2712.

Drugs

Indications