The Impact of Fitness and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade on Vascular Dysfunction in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Summary
In this protocol, 60 subjects with DM1 will be studied at baseline, after 12 weeks of MCR blockade or 12 weeks of exercise, and again after an additional 12 weeks of MCR blockade, exercise or the combination of both interventions. The investigators will assess function in conduit (pulse wave velocity-PWV, flow-mediated dilation-FMD and augmentation index-AI), resistance (post-ischemic flow velocity-PIFV) and heart and skeletal muscle microvascular (contrast enhanced ultrasound-CEU) vessels before and after 2 hrs of a euglycemic insulin clamp. We hypothesize that compared to healthy controls, both baseline and insulin-responsive vascular function are impaired throughout the arterial vasculature by DM1 and that exercise training and/or mineralocorticoid receptor (MCR) blockade will improve both baseline and insulin-responsive pan-arterial function.
Timeline
- Start
- 2015-08
- Primary completion
- 2019-05-22
- Completion
- 2019-05-22
Publications
- Background Soedamah-Muthu SS, Fuller JH, Mulnier HE, Raleigh VS, Lawrenson RA, Colhoun HM. All-cause mortality rates in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with a non-diabetic population from the UK general practice research database, 1992-1999. Diabetologia. 2006 Apr;49(4):660-6. doi: 10.1007/s00125-005-0120-4. Epub 2006 Jan 24.
- Background Libby P, Nathan DM, Abraham K, Brunzell JD, Fradkin JE, Haffner SM, Hsueh W, Rewers M, Roberts BT, Savage PJ, Skarlatos S, Wassef M, Rabadan-Diehl C; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Working Group on Cardiovascular Complications of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Working Group on Cardiovascular Complications of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation. 2005 Jun 28;111(25):3489-93. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.529651. No abstract available.
- Background Krolewski AS, Kosinski EJ, Warram JH, Leland OS, Busick EJ, Asmal AC, Rand LI, Christlieb AR, Bradley RF, Kahn CR. Magnitude and determinants of coronary artery disease in juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 1987 Apr 1;59(8):750-5. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(87)91086-1.
- Background Widlansky ME, Gokce N, Keaney JF Jr, Vita JA. The clinical implications of endothelial dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Oct 1;42(7):1149-60. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00994-x.
- Background Schram MT, Chaturvedi N, Schalkwijk CG, Fuller JH, Stehouwer CD; EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study Group. Markers of inflammation are cross-sectionally associated with microvascular complications and cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes--the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. Diabetologia. 2005 Feb;48(2):370-8. doi: 10.1007/s00125-004-1628-8. Epub 2005 Feb 4.
- Background Johnstone MT, Creager SJ, Scales KM, Cusco JA, Lee BK, Creager MA. Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 1993 Dec;88(6):2510-6. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.88.6.2510.
- Background Clarkson P, Celermajer DS, Donald AE, Sampson M, Sorensen KE, Adams M, Yue DK, Betteridge DJ, Deanfield JE. Impaired vascular reactivity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is related to disease duration and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996 Sep;28(3):573-9. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(96)82380-1.
- Background Boutouyrie P, Tropeano AI, Asmar R, Gautier I, Benetos A, Lacolley P, Laurent S. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of primary coronary events in hypertensive patients: a longitudinal study. Hypertension. 2002 Jan;39(1):10-5. doi: 10.1161/hy0102.099031.
- Background Anderson TJ, Charbonneau F, Title LM, Buithieu J, Rose MS, Conradson H, Hildebrand K, Fung M, Verma S, Lonn EM. Microvascular function predicts cardiovascular events in primary prevention: long-term results from the Firefighters and Their Endothelium (FATE) study. Circulation. 2011 Jan 18;123(2):163-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.953653. Epub 2011 Jan 3.
- Background Schauer IE, Snell-Bergeon JK, Bergman BC, Maahs DM, Kretowski A, Eckel RH, Rewers M. Insulin resistance, defective insulin-mediated fatty acid suppression, and coronary artery calcification in subjects with and without type 1 diabetes: The CACTI study. Diabetes. 2011 Jan;60(1):306-14. doi: 10.2337/db10-0328. Epub 2010 Oct 26.
- Background Laakso M, Edelman SV, Brechtel G, Baron AD. Decreased effect of insulin to stimulate skeletal muscle blood flow in obese man. A novel mechanism for insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 1990 Jun;85(6):1844-52. doi: 10.1172/JCI114644.
- Background Clerk LH, Vincent MA, Jahn LA, Liu Z, Lindner JR, Barrett EJ. Obesity blunts insulin-mediated microvascular recruitment in human forearm muscle. Diabetes. 2006 May;55(5):1436-42. doi: 10.2337/db05-1373.
- Background Verma S, Buchanan MR, Anderson TJ. Endothelial function testing as a biomarker of vascular disease. Circulation. 2003 Oct 28;108(17):2054-9. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000089191.72957.ED. No abstract available.
- Background Barrett EJ, Wang H, Upchurch CT, Liu Z. Insulin regulates its own delivery to skeletal muscle by feed-forward actions on the vasculature. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Aug;301(2):E252-63. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00186.2011. Epub 2011 May 24.
- Background Keske MA, Clerk LH, Price WJ, Jahn LA, Barrett EJ. Obesity blunts microvascular recruitment in human forearm muscle after a mixed meal. Diabetes Care. 2009 Sep;32(9):1672-7. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0206. Epub 2009 Jun 1.
- Background Miyaki A, Maeda S, Yoshizawa M, Misono M, Saito Y, Sasai H, Endo T, Nakata Y, Tanaka K, Ajisaka R. Effect of weight reduction with dietary intervention on arterial distensibility and endothelial function in obese men. Angiology. 2009 Jun-Jul;60(3):351-7. doi: 10.1177/0003319708325449. Epub 2008 Nov 19.
- Background Sugawara J, Otsuki T, Tanabe T, Hayashi K, Maeda S, Matsuda M. Physical activity duration, intensity, and arterial stiffening in postmenopausal women. Am J Hypertens. 2006 Oct;19(10):1032-6. doi: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.03.008.
- Background Baron AD, Steinberg HO, Chaker H, Leaming R, Johnson A, Brechtel G. Insulin-mediated skeletal muscle vasodilation contributes to both insulin sensitivity and responsiveness in lean humans. J Clin Invest. 1995 Aug;96(2):786-92. doi: 10.1172/JCI118124.
- Background Barrett EJ, Eggleston EM, Inyard AC, Wang H, Li G, Chai W, Liu Z. The vascular actions of insulin control its delivery to muscle and regulate the rate-limiting step in skeletal muscle insulin action. Diabetologia. 2009 May;52(5):752-64. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1313-z. Epub 2009 Mar 13.
- Background Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW, Anderson JL, Cannon RO 3rd, Criqui M, Fadl YY, Fortmann SP, Hong Y, Myers GL, Rifai N, Smith SC Jr, Taubert K, Tracy RP, Vinicor F; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; American Heart Association. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2003 Jan 28;107(3):499-511. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000052939.59093.45. No abstract available.
- Background Schalkwijk CG, Poland DC, van Dijk W, Kok A, Emeis JJ, Drager AM, Doni A, van Hinsbergh VW, Stehouwer CD. Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein is increased in type I diabetic patients without clinical macroangiopathy and correlates with markers of endothelial dysfunction: evidence for chronic inflammation. Diabetologia. 1999 Mar;42(3):351-7. doi: 10.1007/s001250051162.
- Background Ladeia AM, Stefanelli E, Ladeia-Frota C, Moreira A, Hiltner A, Adan L. Association between elevated serum C-reactive protein and triglyceride levels in young subjects with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006 Feb;29(2):424-6. doi: 10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-2033. No abstract available.
- Background Sundell J, Ronnemaa T, Laine H, Raitakari OT, Luotolahti M, Nuutila P, Knuuti J. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and impaired coronary vasoreactivity in young men with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2004 Nov;47(11):1888-94. doi: 10.1007/s00125-004-1543-z. Epub 2004 Nov 24.
- Background Hayaishi-Okano R, Yamasaki Y, Katakami N, Ohtoshi K, Gorogawa S, Kuroda A, Matsuhisa M, Kosugi K, Nishikawa N, Kajimoto Y, Hori M. Elevated C-reactive protein associates with early-stage carotid atherosclerosis in young subjects with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002 Aug;25(8):1432-8. doi: 10.2337/diacare.25.8.1432.
- Background Nagaoka T, Kuo L, Ren Y, Yoshida A, Hein TW. C-reactive protein inhibits endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated dilation of retinal arterioles via enhanced superoxide production. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 May;49(5):2053-60. doi: 10.1167/iovs.07-1387.
- Background Qamirani E, Ren Y, Kuo L, Hein TW. C-reactive protein inhibits endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation in coronary arterioles by activating p38 kinase and NAD(P)H oxidase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 May;25(5):995-1001. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000159890.10526.1e. Epub 2005 Feb 17.
- Background Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, Hitman GA, Neil HA, Livingstone SJ, Thomason MJ, Mackness MI, Charlton-Menys V, Fuller JH; CARDS investigators. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2004 Aug 21-27;364(9435):685-96. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16895-5.
- Background Behrendt D, Ganz P. Endothelial function. From vascular biology to clinical applications. Am J Cardiol. 2002 Nov 21;90(10C):40L-48L. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02963-6.
- Background Szmitko PE, Wang CH, Weisel RD, de Almeida JR, Anderson TJ, Verma S. New markers of inflammation and endothelial cell activation: Part I. Circulation. 2003 Oct 21;108(16):1917-23. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000089190.95415.9F. No abstract available.
- Background de Graaf JC, Banga JD, Moncada S, Palmer RM, de Groot PG, Sixma JJ. Nitric oxide functions as an inhibitor of platelet adhesion under flow conditions. Circulation. 1992 Jun;85(6):2284-90. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.85.6.2284.
- Background Joannides R, Haefeli WE, Linder L, Richard V, Bakkali EH, Thuillez C, Luscher TF. Nitric oxide is responsible for flow-dependent dilatation of human peripheral conduit arteries in vivo. Circulation. 1995 Mar 1;91(5):1314-9. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.91.5.1314.
- Background Esteve E, Castro A, Lopez-Bermejo A, Vendrell J, Ricart W, Fernandez-Real JM. Serum interleukin-6 correlates with endothelial dysfunction in healthy men independently of insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care. 2007 Apr;30(4):939-45. doi: 10.2337/dc06-1793.
- Background Clausen P, Jacobsen P, Rossing K, Jensen JS, Parving HH, Feldt-Rasmussen B. Plasma concentrations of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 are elevated in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus with microalbuminuria and overt nephropathy. Diabet Med. 2000 Sep;17(9):644-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2000.00347.x.
- Background Moncada S, Higgs A. The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. N Engl J Med. 1993 Dec 30;329(27):2002-12. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199312303292706. No abstract available.
- Background Steinberg HO, Brechtel G, Johnson A, Fineberg N, Baron AD. Insulin-mediated skeletal muscle vasodilation is nitric oxide dependent. A novel action of insulin to increase nitric oxide release. J Clin Invest. 1994 Sep;94(3):1172-9. doi: 10.1172/JCI117433.
- Background Steinberg HO, Chaker H, Leaming R, Johnson A, Brechtel G, Baron AD. Obesity/insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Implications for the syndrome of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 1996 Jun 1;97(11):2601-10. doi: 10.1172/JCI118709.
- Background Rossi R, Cioni E, Nuzzo A, Origliani G, Modena MG. Endothelial-dependent vasodilation and incidence of type 2 diabetes in a population of healthy postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care. 2005 Mar;28(3):702-7. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.3.702.
- Background Vincent MA, Barrett EJ, Lindner JR, Clark MG, Rattigan S. Inhibiting NOS blocks microvascular recruitment and blunts muscle glucose uptake in response to insulin. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jul;285(1):E123-9. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00021.2003.
- Background Eggleston EM, Jahn LA, Barrett EJ. Hyperinsulinemia rapidly increases human muscle microvascular perfusion but fails to increase muscle insulin clearance: evidence that a saturable process mediates muscle insulin uptake. Diabetes. 2007 Dec;56(12):2958-63. doi: 10.2337/db07-0670. Epub 2007 Aug 24.
- Background Rattigan S, Clark MG, Barrett EJ. Acute vasoconstriction-induced insulin resistance in rat muscle in vivo. Diabetes. 1999 Mar;48(3):564-9. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.48.3.564.
- Background Clark AD, Barrett EJ, Rattigan S, Wallis MG, Clark MG. Insulin stimulates laser Doppler signal by rat muscle in vivo, consistent with nutritive flow recruitment. Clin Sci (Lond). 2001 Mar;100(3):283-90.
- Background Llaurado G, Simo R, Villaplana M, Berlanga E, Vendrell J, Gonzalez-Clemente JM. Can augmentation index substitute aortic pulse wave velocity in the assessment of central arterial stiffness in type 1 diabetes? Acta Diabetol. 2012 Dec;49 Suppl 1:S253-7. doi: 10.1007/s00592-012-0433-y. Epub 2012 Oct 2.
- Background Coggins M, Lindner J, Rattigan S, Jahn L, Fasy E, Kaul S, Barrett E. Physiologic hyperinsulinemia enhances human skeletal muscle perfusion by capillary recruitment. Diabetes. 2001 Dec;50(12):2682-90. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.50.12.2682.
- Background Vincent MA, Clerk LH, Lindner JR, Price WJ, Jahn LA, Leong-Poi H, Barrett EJ. Mixed meal and light exercise each recruit muscle capillaries in healthy humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun;290(6):E1191-7. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00497.2005.
- Background Zhang L, Vincent MA, Richards SM, Clerk LH, Rattigan S, Clark MG, Barrett EJ. Insulin sensitivity of muscle capillary recruitment in vivo. Diabetes. 2004 Feb;53(2):447-53. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.53.2.447.
- Background Vincent MA, Dawson D, Clark AD, Lindner JR, Rattigan S, Clark MG, Barrett EJ. Skeletal muscle microvascular recruitment by physiological hyperinsulinemia precedes increases in total blood flow. Diabetes. 2002 Jan;51(1):42-8. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.51.1.42.
- Background Vincent MA, Clerk LH, Lindner JR, Klibanov AL, Clark MG, Rattigan S, Barrett EJ. Microvascular recruitment is an early insulin effect that regulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake in vivo. Diabetes. 2004 Jun;53(6):1418-23. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.53.6.1418.
- Background Inyard AC, Clerk LH, Vincent MA, Barrett EJ. Contraction stimulates nitric oxide independent microvascular recruitment and increases muscle insulin uptake. Diabetes. 2007 Sep;56(9):2194-200. doi: 10.2337/db07-0020. Epub 2007 Jun 11.
- Background Clerk LH, Vincent MA, Barrett EJ, Lankford MF, Lindner JR. Skeletal muscle capillary responses to insulin are abnormal in late-stage diabetes and are restored by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Dec;293(6):E1804-9. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00498.2007. Epub 2007 Oct 2.
- Background Scognamiglio R, Negut C, De Kreutzenberg SV, Tiengo A, Avogaro A. Postprandial myocardial perfusion in healthy subjects and in type 2 diabetic patients. Circulation. 2005 Jul 12;112(2):179-84. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.495127. Epub 2005 Jul 5.
- Background Chai W, Liu J, Jahn LA, Fowler DE, Barrett EJ, Liu Z. Salsalate attenuates free fatty acid-induced microvascular and metabolic insulin resistance in humans. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jul;34(7):1634-8. doi: 10.2337/dc10-2345. Epub 2011 May 26.
- Background Chan A, Barrett EJ, Anderson SM, Kovatchev BP, Breton MD. Muscle microvascular recruitment predicts insulin sensitivity in middle-aged patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2012 Mar;55(3):729-36. doi: 10.1007/s00125-011-2402-3. Epub 2011 Dec 14.
- Background Westerbacka J, Uosukainen A, Makimattila S, Schlenzka A, Yki-Jarvinen H. Insulin-induced decrease in large artery stiffness is impaired in uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus. Hypertension. 2000 May;35(5):1043-8. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.35.5.1043.
- Background Llaurado G, Ceperuelo-Mallafre V, Vilardell C, Simo R, Freixenet N, Vendrell J, Gonzalez-Clemente JM. Arterial stiffness is increased in patients with type 1 diabetes without cardiovascular disease: a potential role of low-grade inflammation. Diabetes Care. 2012 May;35(5):1083-9. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1475. Epub 2012 Feb 22.
- Background Corretti MC, Anderson TJ, Benjamin EJ, Celermajer D, Charbonneau F, Creager MA, Deanfield J, Drexler H, Gerhard-Herman M, Herrington D, Vallance P, Vita J, Vogel R; International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery: a report of the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Jan 16;39(2):257-65. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01746-6.
- Background Asmar R, Benetos A, Topouchian J, Laurent P, Pannier B, Brisac AM, Target R, Levy BI. Assessment of arterial distensibility by automatic pulse wave velocity measurement. Validation and clinical application studies. Hypertension. 1995 Sep;26(3):485-90. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.26.3.485.
- Background Baron AD. Hemodynamic actions of insulin. Am J Physiol. 1994 Aug;267(2 Pt 1):E187-202. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1994.267.2.E187.
- Background Lockhart CJ, Agnew CE, McCann A, Hamilton PK, Quinn CE, McCall DO, Plumb RD, McClenaghan VC, McGivern RC, Harbinson MT, McVeigh GE. Impaired flow-mediated dilatation response in uncomplicated Type 1 diabetes mellitus: influence of shear stress and microvascular reactivity. Clin Sci (Lond). 2011 Aug;121(3):129-39. doi: 10.1042/CS20100448.
Drugs
| Evaluation | Drug | Modality | Dose | Route |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Spironolactone | Small molecule | — | — |