Comparing One or Two Doses of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine for the Prevention of Human Papillomavirus Infection, ESCUDDO Study

Summary

This phase IV trial investigates whether one dose of a human papillomavirus vaccine works as well as two doses in preventing human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Certain types of HPV cause almost all cases of cervical cancer. Vaccines that protect against infection with these types of human papillomavirus may reduce the risk of cervical cancer. Both Gardasil-9 and Cervarix protect against HPV 16 and 18, which cause 70% of all cervical cancers. However, HPV vaccination rates are too low, especially in countries with very high rates of cervical cancer. HPV vaccines are expensive-many countries cannot afford them-more than one dose is needed, and giving multiple doses is difficult. Researchers want to find out if one dose prevents HPV infection. If it does, more people might get the vaccine.

Timeline

Start

2017-11-29

Primary completion

2025-08-21

Completion

2028-08-01

Publications

• Kreimer AR, Porras C, Liu D, Hildesheim A, Carvajal LJ, Ocampo R, Romero B, Gail MH, Cortes B, Sierra MS, Coronado K, Sampson J, Coto C, Dagnall CL, Mora D, Kemp TJ, Zuniga M, Pinto LA, Barrientos G, Schussler J, Estrada Y, Montero C, Avila C, Ruggieri D, Cyr JT, Chanock S, Lowy DR, Schiller JT, Herrero R. Noninferiority of One HPV Vaccine Dose to Two Doses. N Engl J Med. 2025 Dec 18;393(24):2421-2433. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2506765. Epub 2025 Dec 3.
• Bergman H, Henschke N, Arevalo-Rodriguez I, Buckley BS, Crosbie EJ, Davies JC, Dwan K, Golder SP, Loke YK, Probyn K, Petkovic J, Villanueva G, Morrison J. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for the prevention of cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025 Nov 24;11(11):CD015364. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015364.pub2.
• Porras C, Sampson JN, Herrero R, Gail MH, Cortes B, Hildesheim A, Cyr J, Romero B, Schiller JT, Montero C, Pinto LA, Schussler J, Coronado K, Sierra MS, Kim JJ, Torres CM, Carvajal L, Wagner S, Campos NG, Ocampo R, Kemp TJ, Zuniga M, Lowy DR, Avila C, Chanock S, Castrillo A, Estrada Y, Barrientos G, Monge C, Oconitrillo MY, Kreimer AR. Rationale and design of a double-blind randomized non-inferiority clinical trial to evaluate one or two doses of vaccine against human papillomavirus including an epidemiologic survey to estimate vaccine efficacy: The Costa Rica ESCUDDO trial. Vaccine. 2022 Jan 3;40(1):76-88. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.041. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
• Teppler H, Bautista O; Thomas Group; Flores S, McCauley J, Luxembourg A. Design of a Phase III immunogenicity and safety study evaluating two-dose regimens of 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine with extended dosing intervals. Contemp Clin Trials. 2021 Jun;105:106403. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106403. Epub 2021 Apr 12.
• Kreimer AR, Cernuschi T, Rees H, Saslow D, Porras C, Schiller J. Prioritisation of the human papillomavirus vaccine in a time of constrained supply. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 May;4(5):349-351. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30038-9. Epub 2020 Feb 17. No abstract available.

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