High-intensity Atorvastatin for Arteriovenous Fistula Failure (HAFF): A Feasibility Pilot Study

Summary

Primary failure is the most common complication of newly created arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and an important contributor to end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients' morbidity and mortality. Recently, the investigators have found that high intensity atorvastatin (40 mg/day) reduces AVF primary failure significantly when compared to other statins or no statin treatment in three separate prospective and retrospective studies done in collaboration with the University of Miami. Based on these findings and considering the necessity for a therapy to improve AVF maturation rates, the investigators propose the realization of a feasibility pilot double blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT). In this study, a total of 50 patients will be randomly allocated to receive high intensity atorvastatin (40 mg daily) or placebo starting at two weeks before surgery and until the end of the observational period (6 weeks after surgery). Present trial will reveal crucial feasibility information such as the appropriateness of the eligibility criteria, patient recruitment and retention rates, compliance, adverse events, efficacy of patient follow-ups, and readiness of the facilities and involved personnel; while having as a secondary endpoint the predictive measurements of diameter and AVF blood flow 6 weeks after fistula creation useful for the estimation of the probable effect of proposed intervention. Here, the investigators aim to pave the way for a future multicenter Phase II RCT seeking to prove the efficacy of atorvastatin therapy as a perioperative intervention to reduce AVF primary failure.

Timeline

Start

2018-11-01

Primary completion

2019-12-31

Completion

2019-12-31

Publications

• Background Huijbregts HJ, Bots ML, Wittens CH, Schrama YC, Moll FL, Blankestijn PJ; CIMINO study group. Hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula patency revisited: results of a prospective, multicenter initiative. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 May;3(3):714-9. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02950707. Epub 2008 Feb 6.
• Background Schinstock CA, Albright RC, Williams AW, Dillon JJ, Bergstralh EJ, Jenson BM, McCarthy JT, Nath KA. Outcomes of arteriovenous fistula creation after the Fistula First Initiative. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Aug;6(8):1996-2002. doi: 10.2215/CJN.11251210. Epub 2011 Jul 7.
• Background Bashar K, Zafar A, Elsheikh S, Healy DA, Clarke-Moloney M, Casserly L, Burke PE, Kavanagh EG, Walsh SR. Predictive parameters of arteriovenous fistula functional maturation in a population of patients with end-stage renal disease. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 13;10(3):e0119958. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119958. eCollection 2015.
• Background Pisoni R, Barker-Finkel J, Allo M. Statin therapy is not associated with improved vascular access outcomes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Aug;5(8):1447-50. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02740310. Epub 2010 May 27.
• Background Martinez L, Duque JC, Escobar LA, Tabbara M, Asif A, Fayad F, Vazquez-Padron RI, Salman LH. Distinct impact of three different statins on arteriovenous fistula outcomes: a retrospective analysis. J Vasc Access. 2016 Nov 2;17(6):471-476. doi: 10.5301/jva.5000612. Epub 2016 Oct 15.
• Background Robbin ML, Greene T, Cheung AK, Allon M, Berceli SA, Kaufman JS, Allen M, Imrey PB, Radeva MK, Shiu YT, Umphrey HR, Young CJ; Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study Group. Arteriovenous Fistula Development in the First 6 Weeks after Creation. Radiology. 2016 May;279(2):620-9. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2015150385. Epub 2015 Dec 22.
• Background Whitehead AL, Julious SA, Cooper CL, Campbell MJ. Estimating the sample size for a pilot randomised trial to minimise the overall trial sample size for the external pilot and main trial for a continuous outcome variable. Stat Methods Med Res. 2016 Jun;25(3):1057-73. doi: 10.1177/0962280215588241. Epub 2015 Jun 19.
• Background Teare MD, Dimairo M, Shephard N, Hayman A, Whitehead A, Walters SJ. Sample size requirements to estimate key design parameters from external pilot randomised controlled trials: a simulation study. Trials. 2014 Jul 3;15:264. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-264.
• Background Liao JK, Laufs U. Pleiotropic effects of statins. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005;45:89-118. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095748.
• Background Bonetti PO, Lerman LO, Napoli C, Lerman A. Statin effects beyond lipid lowering--are they clinically relevant? Eur Heart J. 2003 Feb;24(3):225-48. doi: 10.1016/s0195-668x(02)00419-0. No abstract available.
• Background Schachter M. Chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of statins: an update. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Feb;19(1):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2004.00299.x.
• Background Mason RP. Molecular basis of differences among statins and a comparison with antioxidant vitamins. Am J Cardiol. 2006 Dec 4;98(11A):34P-41P. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.09.018. Epub 2006 Oct 10.
• Background Tabbara M, Duque JC, Martinez L, Escobar LA, Wu W, Pan Y, Fernandez N, Velazquez OC, Jaimes EA, Salman LH, Vazquez-Padron RI. Pre-existing and Postoperative Intimal Hyperplasia and Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016 Sep;68(3):455-64. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.02.044. Epub 2016 Mar 22.
• Background Duque JC, Martinez L, Tabbara M, Dvorquez D, Mehandru SK, Asif A, Vazquez-Padron RI, Salman LH. Arteriovenous fistula maturation in patients with permanent access created prior to or after hemodialysis initiation. J Vasc Access. 2017 May 15;18(3):185-191. doi: 10.5301/jva.5000662. Epub 2017 Feb 15.
• Background Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, Bairey Merz CN, Blum CB, Eckel RH, Goldberg AC, Gordon D, Levy D, Lloyd-Jones DM, McBride P, Schwartz JS, Shero ST, Smith SC Jr, Watson K, Wilson PW, Eddleman KM, Jarrett NM, LaBresh K, Nevo L, Wnek J, Anderson JL, Halperin JL, Albert NM, Bozkurt B, Brindis RG, Curtis LH, DeMets D, Hochman JS, Kovacs RJ, Ohman EM, Pressler SJ, Sellke FW, Shen WK, Smith SC Jr, Tomaselli GF; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014 Jun 24;129(25 Suppl 2):S1-45. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a. Epub 2013 Nov 12. No abstract available.
• Background Foundation NK. KDOQI clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for 2006 updates: hemodialysis adequacy, peritoneal dialysis adequacy and vascular access. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;48(Suppl 1):S1-S322.
• Background Dember LM, Imrey PB, Beck GJ, Cheung AK, Himmelfarb J, Huber TS, Kusek JW, Roy-Chaudhury P, Vazquez MA, Alpers CE, Robbin ML, Vita JA, Greene T, Gassman JJ, Feldman HI; Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study Group. Objectives and design of the hemodialysis fistula maturation study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2014 Jan;63(1):104-12. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.06.024. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
• Background Gupta SK. Intention-to-treat concept: A review. Perspect Clin Res. 2011 Jul;2(3):109-12. doi: 10.4103/2229-3485.83221.
• Background Robbin ML, Chamberlain NE, Lockhart ME, Gallichio MH, Young CJ, Deierhoi MH, Allon M. Hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula maturity: US evaluation. Radiology. 2002 Oct;225(1):59-64. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2251011367.

Drugs

Indications

No indication recorded.