Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Topical Imiquimod in High Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions

Summary

Cervical cancer is one of the leading malignancies affecting women, with 311,000 deaths in 2018, most of them seen in underdeveloped countries. This neoplasm has a pre-invasive state, such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), which is caused by HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection. The female organism most often is able to eliminate the virus, especially in young patients. However, when the infection becomes persistent, especially for subtypes 16 and 18, the risk of CIN developing an increased. Cytological screening programs can efficiently and wirelessly do this. As high-grade intraepithelial lesions (CIN 2/3) are as demonstrated by worse regression rate, only 13.3% at one year, and higher risk for progression to invasive cancer. As CIN 2/3 need treatment, and as more therapies as they are excisional, which theoretically are better, however, they may compromise the reproductive future of women who are unthreatened, increasing the risk of preterm labor, premature rupture of amniotic membranes, low weight Birth and perinatal mortality. This relationship aroused interest in seeking alternative therapies. Decrease antiviral activity directed against HPV, associated with a higher rate of elimination of the infection. Immediate, an agent that stimulates like dendritic cells to producer cytokines and activates epithelial T cells. Imiquimode, when used in vulvar neoplasias, has been shown to be effective, presenting satisfactory results without treatment of CIN 2/3 of the uterine cervix, requiring a better scientific compilation. Based on these data, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of topical immunomodulatory treatment for high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions.

Timeline

Start

2018-01-01

Primary completion

2020-01-14

Completion

2020-01-14

Publications

• Results American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice Bulletin No. 140: management of abnormal cervical cancer screening test results and cervical cancer precursors. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Dec;122(6):1338-67. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000438960.31355.9e. No abstract available.
• Results Martin-Hirsch PP, Paraskevaidis E, Bryant A, Dickinson HO, Keep SL. Surgery for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jun 16;(6):CD001318. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001318.pub2.
• Results Lin CT, Qiu JT, Wang CJ, Chang SD, Tang YH, Wu PJ, Jung SM, Huang CC, Chou HH, Jao MS, Lai CH. Topical imiquimod treatment for human papillomavirus infection in patients with and without cervical/vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Dec;51(4):533-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2012.09.006.
• Results Pachman DR, Barton DL, Clayton AC, McGovern RM, Jefferies JA, Novotny PJ, Sloan JA, Loprinzi CL, Gostout BS. Randomized clinical trial of imiquimod: an adjunct to treating cervical dysplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Jan;206(1):42.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.06.105. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
• Results McCredie MR, Sharples KJ, Paul C, Baranyai J, Medley G, Jones RW, Skegg DC. Natural history of cervical neoplasia and risk of invasive cancer in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2008 May;9(5):425-34. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70103-7. Epub 2008 Apr 11.
• Results Arbyn M, Kyrgiou M, Simoens C, Raifu AO, Koliopoulos G, Martin-Hirsch P, Prendiville W, Paraskevaidis E. Perinatal mortality and other severe adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: meta-analysis. BMJ. 2008 Sep 18;337:a1284. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1284.
• Results Kyrgiou M, Koliopoulos G, Martin-Hirsch P, Arbyn M, Prendiville W, Paraskevaidis E. Obstetric outcomes after conservative treatment for intraepithelial or early invasive cervical lesions: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2006 Feb 11;367(9509):489-98. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68181-6.
• Results Jin G, LanLan Z, Li C, Dan Z. Pregnancy outcome following loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014 Jan;289(1):85-99. doi: 10.1007/s00404-013-2955-0. Epub 2013 Jul 11.
• Results Insinga RP, Dasbach EJ, Elbasha EH. Epidemiologic natural history and clinical management of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Disease: a critical and systematic review of the literature in the development of an HPV dynamic transmission model. BMC Infect Dis. 2009 Jul 29;9:119. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-119.
• Results Kocken M, Helmerhorst TJ, Berkhof J, Louwers JA, Nobbenhuis MA, Bais AG, Hogewoning CJ, Zaal A, Verheijen RH, Snijders PJ, Meijer CJ. Risk of recurrent high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after successful treatment: a long-term multi-cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2011 May;12(5):441-50. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70078-X.
• Results Conner SN, Cahill AG, Tuuli MG, Stamilio DM, Odibo AO, Roehl KA, Macones GA. Interval from loop electrosurgical excision procedure to pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Dec;122(6):1154-9. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000435454.31850.79.
• Results Spracklen CN, Harland KK, Stegmann BJ, Saftlas AF. Cervical surgery for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and prolonged time to conception of a live birth: a case-control study. BJOG. 2013 Jul;120(8):960-5. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12209. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
• Results Grimm C, Polterauer S, Natter C, Rahhal J, Hefler L, Tempfer CB, Heinze G, Stary G, Reinthaller A, Speiser P. Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with topical imiquimod: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Jul;120(1):152-9. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31825bc6e8.
• Results Mathiesen O, Buus SK, Cramers M. Topical imiquimod can reverse vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a randomised, double-blinded study. Gynecol Oncol. 2007 Nov;107(2):219-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.06.003. Epub 2007 Jul 25.
• Results van Seters M, van Beurden M, ten Kate FJ, Beckmann I, Ewing PC, Eijkemans MJ, Kagie MJ, Meijer CJ, Aaronson NK, Kleinjan A, Heijmans-Antonissen C, Zijlstra FJ, Burger MP, Helmerhorst TJ. Treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia with topical imiquimod. N Engl J Med. 2008 Apr 3;358(14):1465-73. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa072685.
• Results van Seters M, van Beurden M, de Craen AJ. Is the assumed natural history of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III based on enough evidence? A systematic review of 3322 published patients. Gynecol Oncol. 2005 May;97(2):645-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.02.012.
• Results Chen FP. Efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream for persistent human papillomavirus in genital intraepithelial neoplasm. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Dec;52(4):475-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.10.004.
• Results Diaz-Arrastia C, Arany I, Robazetti SC, Dinh TV, Gatalica Z, Tyring SK, Hannigan E. Clinical and molecular responses in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia treated with topical imiquimod 5%. Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Oct;7(10):3031-3.
• Results Gunderson CC, Nugent EK, Elfrink SH, Gold MA, Moore KN. A contemporary analysis of epidemiology and management of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 May;208(5):410.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.01.047. Epub 2013 Feb 1.
• Results Haidopoulos D, Diakomanolis E, Rodolakis A, Voulgaris Z, Vlachos G, Intsaklis A. Can local application of imiquimod cream be an alternative mode of therapy for patients with high-grade intraepithelial lesions of the vagina? Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2005 Sep-Oct;15(5):898-902. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2005.00152.x.
• Results Darragh TM, Colgan TJ, Cox JT, Heller DS, Henry MR, Luff RD, McCalmont T, Nayar R, Palefsky JM, Stoler MH, Wilkinson EJ, Zaino RJ, Wilbur DC; Members of LAST Project Work Groups. The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology Standardization Project for HPV-Associated Lesions: background and consensus recommendations from the College of American Pathologists and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012 Oct;136(10):1266-97. doi: 10.5858/arpa.LGT200570. Epub 2012 Jun 28.
• Results International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Globocan, Estimated Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012
• Fonseca BO, Possati-Resende JC, Salcedo MP, Schmeler KM, Accorsi GS, Fregnani JHTG, Antoniazzi M, Pantano NP, Santana IVV, Matsushita GM, Dos Reis R. Topical Imiquimod for the Treatment of High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Jun 1;137(6):1043-1053. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004384.

Drugs

Indications