Effect of Methotrexate Carried by a Lipid Nanoemulsion on Left Ventricular Remodeling After STEMI

Summary

Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof of concept study. Patients with first anterior wall STEMI will be randomized with 4±2 days after symptoms beginning to receive ddMTX-LDE at the dose of 40 mg/m2 IV or placebo-LDE weekly for 6 weeks. All study participants will additionally receive folic acid (5 mg po qd) once a week, one day after the study drug. The primary and main secondary endpoints will be analyzed by CMR 3±1 days and at 90±7 days after randomization. Patients will undergo clinical and laboratory safety evaluations before each study drug administration and 90-day post-randomization. Safety evaluations will include assessment of adherence, side effects, safety laboratory tests, and existing medical conditions or planned procedures that might alter study drug dosing. These visits also include screening for the occurrence of clinical events of interest. An algorithm for drug suspension based on clinical and laboratory finding will be followed. Pre-specified unblinded interim analyses by an independent investigator will be developed when 20% and 50% of the inclusions are reached.

Timeline

Start

2018-04-17

Primary completion

2020-12-17

Completion

2020-12-17

Publications

• Background Libby P, Ridker PM, Hansson GK; Leducq Transatlantic Network on Atherothrombosis. Inflammation in atherosclerosis: from pathophysiology to practice. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Dec 1;54(23):2129-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.09.009.
• Background Frangogiannis NG. The inflammatory response in myocardial injury, repair, and remodelling. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2014 May;11(5):255-65. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2014.28. Epub 2014 Mar 25.
• Background Nicolau JC, Maia LN, Vitola J, Vaz VD, Machado MN, Godoy MF, Giraldez RR, Ramires JA. ST-segment resolution and late (6-month) left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2003 Feb 15;91(4):451-3. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(02)03245-9. No abstract available.
• Background Kempf T, Zarbock A, Vestweber D, Wollert KC. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in myocardial infarct healing. J Mol Med (Berl). 2012 Apr;90(4):361-9. doi: 10.1007/s00109-011-0847-y. Epub 2012 Jan 7.
• Background Westman PC, Lipinski MJ, Luger D, Waksman R, Bonow RO, Wu E, Epstein SE. Inflammation as a Driver of Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 May 3;67(17):2050-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.01.073.
• Background Ridker PM, Rifai N, Clearfield M, Downs JR, Weis SE, Miles JS, Gotto AM Jr; Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study Investigators. Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jun 28;344(26):1959-65. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200106283442601.
• Background Ridker PM, Morrow DA, Rose LM, Rifai N, Cannon CP, Braunwald E. Relative efficacy of atorvastatin 80 mg and pravastatin 40 mg in achieving the dual goals of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <70 mg/dl and C-reactive protein <2 mg/l: an analysis of the PROVE-IT TIMI-22 trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 May 17;45(10):1644-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.080. Epub 2005 Apr 25.
• Background Morrow DA, de Lemos JA, Sabatine MS, Wiviott SD, Blazing MA, Shui A, Rifai N, Califf RM, Braunwald E. Clinical relevance of C-reactive protein during follow-up of patients with acute coronary syndromes in the Aggrastat-to-Zocor Trial. Circulation. 2006 Jul 25;114(4):281-8. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.628909. Epub 2006 Jul 17.
• Background Wilson PW, Pencina M, Jacques P, Selhub J, D'Agostino R Sr, O'Donnell CJ. C-reactive protein and reclassification of cardiovascular risk in the Framingham Heart Study. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2008 Nov;1(2):92-7. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.108.831198. Epub 2008 Nov 9.
• Background Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, Genest J, Gotto AM Jr, Kastelein JJ, Koenig W, Libby P, Lorenzatti AJ, Macfadyen JG, Nordestgaard BG, Shepherd J, Willerson JT, Glynn RJ; JUPITER Trial Study Group. Reduction in C-reactive protein and LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular event rates after initiation of rosuvastatin: a prospective study of the JUPITER trial. Lancet. 2009 Apr 4;373(9670):1175-82. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60447-5. Epub 2009 Mar 28.
• Background Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration; Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, Lowe G, Pepys MB, Thompson SG, Collins R, Danesh J. C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010 Jan 9;375(9709):132-40. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61717-7. Epub 2009 Dec 22.
• Background Wessels JA, Huizinga TW, Guchelaar HJ. Recent insights in the pharmacological actions of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008 Mar;47(3):249-55. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kem279. Epub 2007 Nov 28.
• Background Rho YH, Oeser A, Chung CP, Milne GL, Stein CM. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Relationship between Current Use and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Arch Drug Inf. 2009 Jun;2(2):34-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-5174.2009.00019.x.
• Background Baggott JE, Morgan SL, Sams WM, Linden J. Urinary adenosine and aminoimidazolecarboxamide excretion in methotrexate-treated patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol. 1999 Jul;135(7):813-7. doi: 10.1001/archderm.135.7.813.
• Background DiNicola AF. Letter: The endogenous catabolic traumatic triad syndrome. N Z Med J. 1975 Jul 9;82(543):27-8. No abstract available.
• Background Kloner RA, Forman MB, Gibbons RJ, Ross AM, Alexander RW, Stone GW. Impact of time to therapy and reperfusion modality on the efficacy of adenosine in acute myocardial infarction: the AMISTAD-2 trial. Eur Heart J. 2006 Oct;27(20):2400-5. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl094. Epub 2006 Jun 16.
• Background Micha R, Imamura F, Wyler von Ballmoos M, Solomon DH, Hernan MA, Ridker PM, Mozaffarian D. Systematic review and meta-analysis of methotrexate use and risk of cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol. 2011 Nov 1;108(9):1362-70. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.06.054. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
• Background Ridker PM. Testing the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis: scientific rationale for the cardiovascular inflammation reduction trial (CIRT). J Thromb Haemost. 2009 Jul;7 Suppl 1:332-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03404.x.
• Background Everett BM, Pradhan AD, Solomon DH, Paynter N, Macfadyen J, Zaharris E, Gupta M, Clearfield M, Libby P, Hasan AA, Glynn RJ, Ridker PM. Rationale and design of the Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial: a test of the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis. Am Heart J. 2013 Aug;166(2):199-207.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.03.018. Epub 2013 May 3.
• Background Saag KG, Teng GG, Patkar NM, Anuntiyo J, Finney C, Curtis JR, Paulus HE, Mudano A, Pisu M, Elkins-Melton M, Outman R, Allison JJ, Suarez Almazor M, Bridges SL Jr, Chatham WW, Hochberg M, MacLean C, Mikuls T, Moreland LW, O'Dell J, Turkiewicz AM, Furst DE; American College of Rheumatology. American College of Rheumatology 2008 recommendations for the use of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Jun 15;59(6):762-84. doi: 10.1002/art.23721. No abstract available.
• Background Moura JA, Valduga CJ, Tavares ER, Kretzer IF, Maria DA, Maranhao RC. Novel formulation of a methotrexate derivative with a lipid nanoemulsion. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:2285-95. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S18039. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
• Background Maranhao RC, Garicochea B, Silva EL, Dorlhiac-Llacer P, Cadena SM, Coelho IJ, Meneghetti JC, Pileggi FJ, Chamone DA. Plasma kinetics and biodistribution of a lipid emulsion resembling low-density lipoprotein in patients with acute leukemia. Cancer Res. 1994 Sep 1;54(17):4660-6.
• Background Hungria VT, Latrilha MC, Rodrigues DG, Bydlowski SP, Chiattone CS, Maranhao RC. Metabolism of a cholesterol-rich microemulsion (LDE) in patients with multiple myeloma and a preliminary clinical study of LDE as a drug vehicle for the treatment of the disease. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2004 Jan;53(1):51-60. doi: 10.1007/s00280-003-0692-y. Epub 2003 Oct 22.
• Background Pinheiro KV, Hungria VT, Ficker ES, Valduga CJ, Mesquita CH, Maranhao RC. Plasma kinetics of a cholesterol-rich microemulsion (LDE) in patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and a preliminary study on the toxicity of etoposide associated with LDE. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006 May;57(5):624-30. doi: 10.1007/s00280-005-0090-8. Epub 2005 Aug 25.
• Background Mello SB, Tavares ER, Guido MC, Bonfa E, Maranhao RC. Anti-inflammatory effects of intravenous methotrexate associated with lipid nanoemulsions on antigen-induced arthritis. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2016 Jan;71(1):54-8. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2016(01)09.
• Background Bulgarelli A, Leite AC Jr, Dias AA, Maranhao RC. Anti-atherogenic effects of methotrexate carried by a lipid nanoemulsion that binds to LDL receptors in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2013 Dec;27(6):531-9. doi: 10.1007/s10557-013-6488-3.
• Background Maranhao RC, Guido MC, de Lima AD, Tavares ER, Marques AF, Tavares de Melo MD, Nicolau JC, Salemi VM, Kalil-Filho R. Methotrexate carried in lipid core nanoparticles reduces myocardial infarction size and improves cardiac function in rats. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017 May 17;12:3767-3784. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S129324. eCollection 2017.
• Background BC Cancer Agency Cancer Drug Manual©. Chapter: Methotrexate. Vancouver, British Columbia: BC Cancer Agency; Limited Revision: 1 February 2016. Pages 1-16.
• Background Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD; Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction. Universal definition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Nov 27;50(22):2173-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.011. No abstract available.
• Background Ibanez B, Macaya C, Sanchez-Brunete V, Pizarro G, Fernandez-Friera L, Mateos A, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Garcia-Ruiz JM, Garcia-Alvarez A, Iniguez A, Jimenez-Borreguero J, Lopez-Romero P, Fernandez-Jimenez R, Goicolea J, Ruiz-Mateos B, Bastante T, Arias M, Iglesias-Vazquez JA, Rodriguez MD, Escalera N, Acebal C, Cabrera JA, Valenciano J, Perez de Prado A, Fernandez-Campos MJ, Casado I, Garcia-Rubira JC, Garcia-Prieto J, Sanz-Rosa D, Cuellas C, Hernandez-Antolin R, Albarran A, Fernandez-Vazquez F, de la Torre-Hernandez JM, Pocock S, Sanz G, Fuster V. Effect of early metoprolol on infarct size in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction (METOCARD-CNIC) trial. Circulation. 2013 Oct 1;128(14):1495-503. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003653. Epub 2013 Sep 3.
• Background Pizarro G, Fernandez-Friera L, Fuster V, Fernandez-Jimenez R, Garcia-Ruiz JM, Garcia-Alvarez A, Mateos A, Barreiro MV, Escalera N, Rodriguez MD, de Miguel A, Garcia-Lunar I, Parra-Fuertes JJ, Sanchez-Gonzalez J, Pardillos L, Nieto B, Jimenez A, Abejon R, Bastante T, Martinez de Vega V, Cabrera JA, Lopez-Melgar B, Guzman G, Garcia-Prieto J, Mirelis JG, Zamorano JL, Albarran A, Goicolea J, Escaned J, Pocock S, Iniguez A, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Sanchez-Brunete V, Macaya C, Ibanez B. Long-term benefit of early pre-reperfusion metoprolol administration in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the METOCARD-CNIC trial (Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Jun 10;63(22):2356-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.014. Epub 2014 Mar 30.
• Background Rosowsky A, Forsch RA, Yu CS, Lazarus H, Beardsley GP. Methotrexate analogues. 21. Divergent influence of alkyl chain length on the dihydrofolate reductase affinity and cytotoxicity of methotrexate monoesters. J Med Chem. 1984 May;27(5):605-9. doi: 10.1021/jm00371a009.
• Background Maranhao RC, Cesar TB, Pedroso-Mariani SR, Hirata MH, Mesquita CH. Metabolic behavior in rats of a nonprotein microemulsion resembling low-density lipoprotein. Lipids. 1993 Aug;28(8):691-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02535988.
• Background Montesinos MC, Takedachi M, Thompson LF, Wilder TF, Fernandez P, Cronstein BN. The antiinflammatory mechanism of methotrexate depends on extracellular conversion of adenine nucleotides to adenosine by ecto-5'-nucleotidase: findings in a study of ecto-5'-nucleotidase gene-deficient mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 May;56(5):1440-5. doi: 10.1002/art.22643.
• Background Cronstein BN, Eberle MA, Gruber HE, Levin RI. Methotrexate inhibits neutrophil function by stimulating adenosine release from connective tissue cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 15;88(6):2441-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.6.2441.
• Background Kruse LC, Hahn CW, Barry J, Gay JE. Utilization of a media instructional support staff in the development of a simulated learning experience: medication administration. J Nurs Educ. 1978 Oct;17(8):27-35. No abstract available.
• Background Hasko G, Linden J, Cronstein B, Pacher P. Adenosine receptors: therapeutic aspects for inflammatory and immune diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008 Sep;7(9):759-70. doi: 10.1038/nrd2638.
• Background Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Varani K. Adenosine as a Multi-Signalling Guardian Angel in Human Diseases: When, Where and How Does it Exert its Protective Effects? Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Jun;37(6):419-434. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.02.006. Epub 2016 Mar 2.
• Background Idzko M, Ferrari D, Eltzschig HK. Nucleotide signalling during inflammation. Nature. 2014 May 15;509(7500):310-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13085.
• Background Antonioli L, Csoka B, Fornai M, Colucci R, Kokai E, Blandizzi C, Hasko G. Adenosine and inflammation: what's new on the horizon? Drug Discov Today. 2014 Aug;19(8):1051-68. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.02.010. Epub 2014 Mar 6.
• Background Yegutkin GG. Nucleotide- and nucleoside-converting ectoenzymes: Important modulators of purinergic signalling cascade. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 May;1783(5):673-94. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.01.024. Epub 2008 Feb 12.
• Background Fredholm BB. Adenosine--a physiological or pathophysiological agent? J Mol Med (Berl). 2014 Mar;92(3):201-6. doi: 10.1007/s00109-013-1101-6. Epub 2013 Dec 22.
• Background Kobie JJ, Shah PR, Yang L, Rebhahn JA, Fowell DJ, Mosmann TR. T regulatory and primed uncommitted CD4 T cells express CD73, which suppresses effector CD4 T cells by converting 5'-adenosine monophosphate to adenosine. J Immunol. 2006 Nov 15;177(10):6780-6. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.6780.
• Background Peres RS, Liew FY, Talbot J, Carregaro V, Oliveira RD, Almeida SL, Franca RF, Donate PB, Pinto LG, Ferreira FI, Costa DL, Demarque DP, Gouvea DR, Lopes NP, Queiroz RH, Silva JS, Figueiredo F, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM, Ferreira SH, Louzada-Junior P, Cunha FQ. Low expression of CD39 on regulatory T cells as a biomarker for resistance to methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Feb 24;112(8):2509-14. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1424792112. Epub 2015 Feb 9.
• Background Cronstein BN. Methotrexate BAFFles anti-drug antibodies. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018 Sep;14(9):505-506. doi: 10.1038/s41584-018-0064-y. No abstract available.
• Background Yu MB, Firek A, Langridge WHR. Predicting methotrexate resistance in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Inflammopharmacology. 2018 Jun;26(3):699-708. doi: 10.1007/s10787-018-0459-z. Epub 2018 Mar 12.

Drugs

Indications