The Late Presenter Treatment Optimisation Study

Summary

The main purpose of this study is to compare two different types of HIV treatments, in terms of effectiveness and improvement of side effects, for patients who are diagnosed with a more advanced HIV infection. Patients with advanced HIV infections are otherwise known as 'late presenters'. There are many effective treatments for HIV available; however, for late presenting patients the investigators do not know which type of treatment performs best. This is the first large study to compare treatments for patients in this situation, and the investigators hope that the results of this study will help doctors decide which treatments to use in the future. The two different types of treatment the investigators are comparing both contain a mixture of drugs that work together to combat HIV: The Boosted Protease Inhibitor combination (PI) which is a combination tablet containing: darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide. It was approved for use in Europe under the brand name Symtuza®. The Integrase Inhibitor combination (INI). Which is a combination tablet containing: bictegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide. This is a a newer combination which was approved for use in Europe in June 2018 under the brand name of Biktarvy®. The main difference between the two treatments is how each one fights a HIV infection. They both stop a part of the virus from working (i.e. inhibit it), to prevent it from making copies of itself. The PI treatment contains drugs to stop the protease part of the virus, whereas the INI treatment contains drugs to stop the integrase part. In recent studies, it appears that treatments containing integrase inhibitors may be better for late presenting patients. They have been shown to quickly bring down the amount of virus in the body, and the side effects may be more acceptable to late presenters. To compare the two treatments, half of the participants on this study will be given the PI treatment, and the other half will be given the INI treatment.

Timeline

Start

2019-03-05

Primary completion

2024-06-17

Completion

2024-06-17

Publications

• Background DeJesus E, Rockstroh JK, Henry K, Molina JM, Gathe J, Ramanathan S, Wei X, Yale K, Szwarcberg J, White K, Cheng AK, Kearney BP; GS-236-0103 Study Team. Co-formulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus ritonavir-boosted atazanavir plus co-formulated emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2012 Jun 30;379(9835):2429-2438. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60918-0.
• Background Raffi F, Rachlis A, Stellbrink HJ, Hardy WD, Torti C, Orkin C, Bloch M, Podzamczer D, Pokrovsky V, Pulido F, Almond S, Margolis D, Brennan C, Min S; SPRING-2 Study Group. Once-daily dolutegravir versus raltegravir in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection: 48 week results from the randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority SPRING-2 study. Lancet. 2013 Mar 2;381(9868):735-43. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61853-4. Epub 2013 Jan 8.
• Background Walmsley SL, Antela A, Clumeck N, Duiculescu D, Eberhard A, Gutierrez F, Hocqueloux L, Maggiolo F, Sandkovsky U, Granier C, Pappa K, Wynne B, Min S, Nichols G; SINGLE Investigators. Dolutegravir plus abacavir-lamivudine for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 7;369(19):1807-18. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1215541.
• Background Sax et al. Phase 3 Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial of Bictegravir Coformulated With FTC/TAF in a Fixed-Dose Combination vs Dolutegravir + FTC/TAF in Treatment-Naïve HIV-1-Positive Adults: Week 48 Results. 9th IAS Conference on HIV Science; Paris, France; July 23-26, 2017
• Background Gallant et al. A phase 3 randomized controlled clinical trial of bictegravir in a fixed dose combination, B/F/TAF, vs ABC/DTG/3TC in treatment-naïve adults at week 48. 9th IAS Conference on HIV Science; Paris, France; July 23-26, 2017. MOAB0105LB
• Background Camoni L, Raimondo M, Regine V, Salfa MC, Suligoi B; regional representatives of the HIV Surveillance System. Late presenters among persons with a new HIV diagnosis in Italy, 2010-2011. BMC Public Health. 2013 Mar 27;13:281. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-281.
• Background Montlahuc C, Guiguet M, Abgrall S, Daneluzzi V, de Salvador F, Launay O, Martinez V, Partisani M, Pradier C, Rouveix E, Valin N, Grabar S, Costagliola D; French Hospital Database ANRS CO4 cohort. Impact of late presentation on the risk of death among HIV-infected people in France (2003-2009). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Oct 1;64(2):197-203. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31829cfbfa.
• Background Antinori A, Coenen T, Costagiola D, Dedes N, Ellefson M, Gatell J, Girardi E, Johnson M, Kirk O, Lundgren J, Mocroft A, D'Arminio Monforte A, Phillips A, Raben D, Rockstroh JK, Sabin C, Sonnerborg A, De Wolf F; European Late Presenter Consensus Working Group. Late presentation of HIV infection: a consensus definition. HIV Med. 2011 Jan;12(1):61-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2010.00857.x.
• Background Raffetti E, Postorino MC, Castelli F, Casari S, Castelnuovo F, Maggiolo F, Di Filippo E, D'Avino A, Gori A, Ladisa N, Di Pietro M, Sighinolfi L, Zacchi F, Torti C. The risk of late or advanced presentation of HIV infected patients is still high, associated factors evolve but impact on overall mortality is vanishing over calendar years: results from the Italian MASTER Cohort. BMC Public Health. 2016 Aug 25;16(1):878. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3477-z.
• Background Sobrino-Vegas P, Rodriguez-Urrego J, Berenguer J, Caro-Murillo AM, Blanco JR, Viciana P, Moreno S, Bernardino I, del Amo J; CoRIS. Educational gradient in HIV diagnosis delay, mortality, antiretroviral treatment initiation and response in a country with universal health care. Antivir Ther. 2012;17(1):1-8. doi: 10.3851/IMP1939.
• Background Late presenters working group in COHERE in EuroCoord; Mocroft A, Lundgren J, Antinori A, Monforte Ad, Brannstrom J, Bonnet F, Brockmeyer N, Casabona J, Castagna A, Costagliola D, De Wit S, Fatkenheuer G, Furrer H, Jadand C, Johnson A, Lazanas M, Leport C, Moreno S, Mussini C, Obel N, Post F, Reiss P, Sabin C, Skaletz-Rorowski A, Suarez-Loano I, Torti C, Warszawski J, Wittkop L, Zangerle R, Chene G, Raben D, Kirk O. Late presentation for HIV care across Europe: update from the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) study, 2010 to 2013. Euro Surveill. 2015;20(47). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.47.30070.
• Background Abdool Karim SS, Naidoo K, Grobler A, Padayatchi N, Baxter C, Gray AL, Gengiah T, Gengiah S, Naidoo A, Jithoo N, Nair G, El-Sadr WM, Friedland G, Abdool Karim Q. Integration of antiretroviral therapy with tuberculosis treatment. N Engl J Med. 2011 Oct 20;365(16):1492-501. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1014181.
• Background Blanc FX, Sok T, Laureillard D, Borand L, Rekacewicz C, Nerrienet E, Madec Y, Marcy O, Chan S, Prak N, Kim C, Lak KK, Hak C, Dim B, Sin CI, Sun S, Guillard B, Sar B, Vong S, Fernandez M, Fox L, Delfraissy JF, Goldfeld AE; CAMELIA (ANRS 1295-CIPRA KH001) Study Team. Earlier versus later start of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults with tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2011 Oct 20;365(16):1471-81. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1013911.
• Background Zolopa A, Andersen J, Powderly W, Sanchez A, Sanne I, Suckow C, Hogg E, Komarow L. Early antiretroviral therapy reduces AIDS progression/death in individuals with acute opportunistic infections: a multicenter randomized strategy trial. PLoS One. 2009;4(5):e5575. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005575. Epub 2009 May 18.
• Background Mussini C, Manzardo C, Johnson M, Monforte Ad, Uberti-Foppa C, Antinori A, Gill MJ, Sighinolfi L, Borghi V, Lazzarin A, Miro JM, Sabin C; Late Presenter Investigators. Patients presenting with AIDS in the HAART era: a collaborative cohort analysis. AIDS. 2008 Nov 30;22(18):2461-9. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328314b5f1.
• Background Demarest J, Underwood M, St Clair M, Dorey D, Brown D, Zolopa A. Short Communication: Dolutegravir-Based Regimens Are Active in Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Naive Patients with Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2018 Apr;34(4):343-346. doi: 10.1089/AID.2017.0184. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
• Background Wijting I et al. Integrase Inhibitors are an Independent Risk Factor for IRIS: An ATHENA Cohort Study. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 2017. Seattle, WA, USA. Abstract 731.
• Background Dutertre M et al. Initiation of ART Based on Integrase Inhibitors Increases the Risk of IRIS. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 2017. Seattle, WA, USA. Abstract 732.
• Background Psichogiou M, Basoulis D, Tsikala-Vafea M, Vlachos S, Kapelios CJ, Daikos GL. Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors and the Emergence of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS). Curr HIV Res. 2017;15(6):405-410. doi: 10.2174/1570162X15666171122155708.
• Background Hill AM, Mitchell N, Hughes S, Pozniak AL. Risks of cardiovascular or central nervous system adverse events and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, for dolutegravir versus other antiretrovirals: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2018 Mar;13(2):102-111. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000445.
• Background Paredes R, Tzou PL, van Zyl G, Barrow G, Camacho R, Carmona S, Grant PM, Gupta RK, Hamers RL, Harrigan PR, Jordan MR, Kantor R, Katzenstein DA, Kuritzkes DR, Maldarelli F, Otelea D, Wallis CL, Schapiro JM, Shafer RW. Collaborative update of a rule-based expert system for HIV-1 genotypic resistance test interpretation. PLoS One. 2017 Jul 28;12(7):e0181357. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181357. eCollection 2017.
• Background Levy et al. ANRS 146 - GeSIDA 7211 OPTIMAL phase III trial: maraviroc plus cART in advanced HIV-1-infected individuals. Journal Of The International Aids Society (Vol. 20, Pp. 6-7)
• Background Slama L, Landman R, Assoumou L, Benalycherif A, Samri A, Joly V, Pialoux G, Valin N, Cabie A, Duvivier C, Lambert-Niclot S, Marcelin AG, Peytavin G, Costagliola D, Girard PM; IMEA 040 DATA Study Group. Efficacy and safety of once-daily ritonavir-boosted atazanavir or darunavir in combination with a dual nucleos(t)ide analogue backbone in HIV-1-infected combined ART (cART)-naive patients with severe immunosuppression: a 48 week, non-comparative, randomized, multicentre trial (IMEA 040 DATA trial). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 Aug;71(8):2252-61. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkw103. Epub 2016 Apr 10.
• Behrens GMN, Assoumou L, Liegeon G, Antinori A, Mican R, Genderini FG, Post FA, Rockstroh JK, Hamzah L, Domingo P, Curran A, Laguno M, Fletcher C, Moody J, Pozniak A; NEAT-ID Foundation; LAPTOP Study Team. Integrase versus protease inhibitor therapy in advanced HIV disease (LAPTOP): a multicountry, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2026 May;26(5):510-521. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00681-4. Epub 2025 Dec 1.

Drugs

Indications