The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Mental Status, Inflammation, and Intestinal Barrier in Major Depressive Disorder Patients Using Gluten-free or Gluten-containing Diet

Summary

More and more evidence confirms the relationship between the gut-brain-microbiota axis and the symptoms of mood disorders. A potential pathway connecting the intestines and the brain in depression is inflammation. Interventions for reducing inflammation and restoring the integrity of the intestinal mucosa are promising approaches in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Gut dysbiosis and the diet containing gluten are potential factors may be factors that negatively affect the communication between intestinal and brain. Gluten has a high immunogenic potential and affinity for the intestinal mucosa layer. In patients with an abnormal reaction to gluten, the elimination diet led to improved mood symptoms. However, the relationship between gluten and depression is still poorly understood. Intestinal microbiota can affect the digestion of gluten and reduce its immunogenic potential. Studies have shown that probiotic supplementation has an anti-inflammatory effect, can lead to changes in intestinal permeability and alleviate the symptoms of depression. This evidence supports the need for co-therapy, including the elimination of gluten and the restoration of intestinal eubiosis to reduce inflammation and modulate the gut-brain-microbiota axis. The objective of the SANGUT study is to determine the impact of interventions concerning the gut-brain-microbiota axis (probiotic supplementation, gluten-free diet and their combination) on the mental state, markers of inflammation and markers of intestinal permeability in adult patients with MDD. The study will last 12 weeks and consist of four visits (V): V0 - Screening (Day 0), V1 - Baseline (up to 1 week after Screening), V2 (six weeks after Baseline), V3 - End of the study (12 weeks after Baseline). The main hypothesis is that probiotic supplementation and/or a gluten-free diet will reduce the symptoms of depression, lower the level of inflammatory markers and favourably affect the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier.

Timeline

Start

2019-04

Primary completion

2020-07

Completion

2021-02

Publications

• Background Ng QX, Peters C, Ho CYX, Lim DY, Yeo WS. A meta-analysis of the use of probiotics to alleviate depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord. 2018 Mar 1;228:13-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.063. Epub 2017 Nov 16.
• Background Huang R, Wang K, Hu J. Effect of Probiotics on Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2016 Aug 6;8(8):483. doi: 10.3390/nu8080483.
• Background Busby E, Bold J, Fellows L, Rostami K. Mood Disorders and Gluten: It's Not All in Your Mind! A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2018 Nov 8;10(11):1708. doi: 10.3390/nu10111708.
• Background Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis and Mental Health. Psychosom Med. 2017 Oct;79(8):920-926. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000519.
• Background Dinan TG, Stanton C, Long-Smith C, Kennedy P, Cryan JF, Cowan CSM, Cenit MC, van der Kamp JW, Sanz Y. Feeding melancholic microbes: MyNewGut recommendations on diet and mood. Clin Nutr. 2019 Oct;38(5):1995-2001. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.010. Epub 2018 Nov 17.
• Background Slyepchenko A, Maes M, Jacka FN, Kohler CA, Barichello T, McIntyre RS, Berk M, Grande I, Foster JA, Vieta E, Carvalho AF. Gut Microbiota, Bacterial Translocation, and Interactions with Diet: Pathophysiological Links between Major Depressive Disorder and Non-Communicable Medical Comorbidities. Psychother Psychosom. 2017;86(1):31-46. doi: 10.1159/000448957. Epub 2016 Nov 25.
• Background Karakula-Juchnowicz H, Galecka M, Rog J, Bartnicka A, Lukaszewicz Z, Krukow P, Morylowska-Topolska J, Skonieczna-Zydecka K, Krajka T, Jonak K, Juchnowicz D. The Food-Specific Serum IgG Reactivity in Major Depressive Disorder Patients, Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients and Healthy Controls. Nutrients. 2018 Apr 28;10(5):548. doi: 10.3390/nu10050548.
• Background Skonieczna-Zydecka K, Marlicz W, Misera A, Koulaouzidis A, Loniewski I. Microbiome-The Missing Link in the Gut-Brain Axis: Focus on Its Role in Gastrointestinal and Mental Health. J Clin Med. 2018 Dec 7;7(12):521. doi: 10.3390/jcm7120521.
• Karakula-Juchnowicz H, Rog J, Juchnowicz D, Loniewski I, Skonieczna-Zydecka K, Krukow P, Futyma-Jedrzejewska M, Kaczmarczyk M. The study evaluating the effect of probiotic supplementation on the mental status, inflammation, and intestinal barrier in major depressive disorder patients using gluten-free or gluten-containing diet (SANGUT study): a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical study protocol. Nutr J. 2019 Aug 31;18(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s12937-019-0475-x.

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