PRP Injection Into Anal Sphincters for Fecal Incontinence

Summary

The treatment of fecal incontinence after low anterior resection is problematic, and not always able to increase quality of life. Biofeedback and rehabilitation therapies are harmless and easy to use; thus, generally selected as the initial treatment modalities, however may be effective in a small portion of patients. More complex treatment techniques including sacral nerve stimulation decrease the severity of symptoms, however the implantation of the device is a costly, staged procedure. Little is known about the effectiveness of other techniques such as injectable substances on incontinence observed after low anterior resection. There is no study evaluating the safety and effectiveness of platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection for incontinent patients after low anterior resection.

Timeline

Start

2019-05-15

Primary completion

2020-08-15

Completion

2021-02-15

Publications

• Background Ziv Y, Zbar A, Bar-Shavit Y, Igov I. Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS): cause and effect and reconstructive considerations. Tech Coloproctol. 2013 Apr;17(2):151-62. doi: 10.1007/s10151-012-0909-3. Epub 2012 Oct 18.
• Background Bryant CL, Lunniss PJ, Knowles CH, Thaha MA, Chan CL. Anterior resection syndrome. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Sep;13(9):e403-8. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70236-X.
• Background Peeters KC, van de Velde CJ, Leer JW, Martijn H, Junggeburt JM, Kranenbarg EK, Steup WH, Wiggers T, Rutten HJ, Marijnen CA. Late side effects of short-course preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: increased bowel dysfunction in irradiated patients--a Dutch colorectal cancer group study. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Sep 1;23(25):6199-206. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.14.779.
• Background Lundby L, Krogh K, Jensen VJ, Gandrup P, Qvist N, Overgaard J, Laurberg S. Long-term anorectal dysfunction after postoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005 Jul;48(7):1343-9; discussion 1349-52; author reply 1352. doi: 10.1007/s10350-005-0049-1.
• Background Ridolfi TJ, Berger N, Ludwig KA. Low Anterior Resection Syndrome: Current Management and Future Directions. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2016 Sep;29(3):239-45. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1584500.
• Background Ishiyama G, Hinata N, Kinugasa Y, Murakami G, Fujimiya M. Nerves supplying the internal anal sphincter: an immunohistochemical study using donated elderly cadavers. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014 Dec;36(10):1033-42. doi: 10.1007/s00276-014-1289-3. Epub 2014 Apr 2.
• Background Konanz J, Herrle F, Weiss C, Post S, Kienle P. Quality of life of patients after low anterior, intersphincteric, and abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer--a matched-pair analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2013 May;28(5):679-88. doi: 10.1007/s00384-013-1683-z. Epub 2013 Apr 10.
• Background Farouk R, Duthie GS, Lee PW, Monson JR. Endosonographic evidence of injury to the internal anal sphincter after low anterior resection: long-term follow-up. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998 Jul;41(7):888-91. doi: 10.1007/BF02235373.
• Background Hirano A, Koda K, Kosugi C, Yamazaki M, Yasuda H. Damage to anal sphincter/levator ani muscles caused by operative procedure in anal sphincter-preserving operation for rectal cancer. Am J Surg. 2011 Apr;201(4):508-13. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.12.016. Epub 2010 Sep 29.
• Background Ho YH, Tsang C, Tang CL, Nyam D, Eu KW, Seow-Choen F. Anal sphincter injuries from stapling instruments introduced transanally: randomized, controlled study with endoanal ultrasound and anorectal manometry. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000 Feb;43(2):169-73. doi: 10.1007/BF02236976.
• Background Tomita R, Igarashi S, Fujisaki S. Studies on anal canal sensitivity in patients with or without soiling after low anterior resection for lower rectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology. 2008 Jul-Aug;55(85):1311-4.
• Background Kim KH, Yu CS, Yoon YS, Yoon SN, Lim SB, Kim JC. Effectiveness of biofeedback therapy in the treatment of anterior resection syndrome after rectal cancer surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011 Sep;54(9):1107-13. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0b013e318221a934.
• Background Visser WS, Te Riele WW, Boerma D, van Ramshorst B, van Westreenen HL. Pelvic floor rehabilitation to improve functional outcome after a low anterior resection: a systematic review. Ann Coloproctol. 2014 Jun;30(3):109-14. doi: 10.3393/ac.2014.30.3.109. Epub 2014 Jun 23.
• Background Tan E, Ngo NT, Darzi A, Shenouda M, Tekkis PP. Meta-analysis: sacral nerve stimulation versus conservative therapy in the treatment of faecal incontinence. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2011 Mar;26(3):275-94. doi: 10.1007/s00384-010-1119-y. Epub 2011 Jan 29.
• Background Schwandner O. Sacral neuromodulation for fecal incontinence and "low anterior resection syndrome" following neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2013 May;28(5):665-9. doi: 10.1007/s00384-013-1687-8. Epub 2013 Apr 5.
• Background Soerensen MM, Lundby L, Buntzen S, Laurberg S. Intersphincteric injected silicone biomaterial implants: a treatment for faecal incontinence. Colorectal Dis. 2009 Jan;11(1):73-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2008.01544.x. Epub 2008 Apr 28.
• Background Kim DW, Yoon HM, Park JS, Kim YH, Kang SB. Radiofrequency energy delivery to the anal canal: is it a promising new approach to the treatment of fecal incontinence? Am J Surg. 2009 Jan;197(1):14-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.11.023. Epub 2008 Jul 9.
• Background Foster TE, Puskas BL, Mandelbaum BR, Gerhardt MB, Rodeo SA. Platelet-rich plasma: from basic science to clinical applications. Am J Sports Med. 2009 Nov;37(11):2259-72. doi: 10.1177/0363546509349921.
• Background Mishra A, Pavelko T. Treatment of chronic elbow tendinosis with buffered platelet-rich plasma. Am J Sports Med. 2006 Nov;34(11):1774-8. doi: 10.1177/0363546506288850. Epub 2006 May 30.
• Background Peerbooms JC, Sluimer J, Bruijn DJ, Gosens T. Positive effect of an autologous platelet concentrate in lateral epicondylitis in a double-blind randomized controlled trial: platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid injection with a 1-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 2010 Feb;38(2):255-62. doi: 10.1177/0363546509355445.
• Background Gosens T, Peerbooms JC, van Laar W, den Oudsten BL. Ongoing positive effect of platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid injection in lateral epicondylitis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 2011 Jun;39(6):1200-8. doi: 10.1177/0363546510397173. Epub 2011 Mar 21.
• Background Gottgens KW, Vening W, van der Hagen SJ, van Gemert WG, Smeets RR, Stassen LP, Baeten CG, Breukink SO. Long-term results of mucosal advancement flap combined with platelet-rich plasma for high cryptoglandular perianal fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum. 2014 Feb;57(2):223-7. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000023.
• Background Moreno-Serrano A, Garcia-Diaz JJ, Ferrer-Marquez M, Alarcon-Rodriguez R, Alvarez-Garcia A, Reina-Duarte A. Using autologous platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of complex fistulas. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2016 Mar;108(3):123-8. doi: 10.17235/reed.2016.3946/2015.
• Background Pinheiro CL, Peixinho CC, Esposito CC, Manso JE, Machado JC. Ultrasound biomicroscopy and claudication test for in vivo follow-up of muscle repair enhancement based on platelet-rich plasma therapy in a rat model of gastrocnemius laceration. Acta Cir Bras. 2016 Feb;31(2):103-10. doi: 10.1590/S0102-865020160020000004.
• Background Cong JC, Chen CS, Ma MX, Xia ZX, Liu DS, Zhang FY. Laparoscopic intersphincteric resection for low rectal cancer: comparison of stapled and manual coloanal anastomosis. Colorectal Dis. 2014 May;16(5):353-8. doi: 10.1111/codi.12573.
• Background Hong KD, Kim JS, Ji WB, Um JW. Midterm outcomes of injectable bulking agents for fecal incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tech Coloproctol. 2017 Mar;21(3):203-210. doi: 10.1007/s10151-017-1593-0. Epub 2017 Mar 1.
• Background Felt-Bersma RJ, Sloots CE, Poen AC, Cuesta MA, Meuwissen SG. Rectal compliance as a routine measurement: extreme volumes have direct clinical impact and normal volumes exclude rectum as a problem. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000 Dec;43(12):1732-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02236859.
• Background Olsen IP, Augensen K, Wilsgaard T, Kiserud T. Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound assessment of the anal sphincters during rest and squeeze. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008;87(6):669-74. doi: 10.1080/00016340802088346.
• Background Gregory WT, Boyles SH, Simmons K, Corcoran A, Clark AL. External anal sphincter volume measurements using 3-dimensional endoanal ultrasound. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006 May;194(5):1243-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.822. Epub 2006 Apr 21.
• Background Vaizey CJ, Carapeti E, Cahill JA, Kamm MA. Prospective comparison of faecal incontinence grading systems. Gut. 1999 Jan;44(1):77-80. doi: 10.1136/gut.44.1.77.
• Background Rullier E, Laurent C, Bretagnol F, Rullier A, Vendrely V, Zerbib F. Sphincter-saving resection for all rectal carcinomas: the end of the 2-cm distal rule. Ann Surg. 2005 Mar;241(3):465-9. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000154551.06768.e1.

Drugs

Indications

No indication recorded.