Effect of Glycopyrrolate on Vasopressors Requirement for Non-elective Caesarean Section Under Spinal Anaesthesia

Summary

This is prospective randomised double blind study conducted in parturients planned for non-elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Glycopyrrolate group will receive 0.2 mg of Glycopyrrolate before start of phenylephrine infusion. Control group will receive 0.2 ml of Normal Saline before start of phenylephrine infusion. Total amount of vasopressors required i.e. ephedrine or phenylephrine will recorded in the form of phenylephrine equivalent during intraoperative period.

Timeline

Start

2020-06-01

Primary completion

2021-01-31

Completion

2021-01-31

Publications

• Background Yentis SM, Jenkins CS, Lucas DN, Barnes PK. The effect of prophylactic glycopyrrolate on maternal haemodynamics following spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2000 Jul;9(3):156-9. doi: 10.1054/ijoa.1999.0376.
• Background Saravanan S, Kocarev M, Wilson RC, Watkins E, Columb MO, Lyons G. Equivalent dose of ephedrine and phenylephrine in the prevention of post-spinal hypotension in Caesarean section. Br J Anaesth. 2006 Jan;96(1):95-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/aei265. Epub 2005 Nov 25.
• Results Somboonviboon W, Kyokong O, Charuluxananan S, Narasethakamol A. Incidence and risk factors of hypotension and bradycardia after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. J Med Assoc Thai. 2008 Feb;91(2):181-7.
• Results Dyer RA, Biccard BM. Ephedrine for spinal hypotension during elective caesarean section: the final nail in the coffin? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012 Aug;56(7):807-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2012.02719.x. No abstract available.
• Results Kinsella SM, Tuckey JP. Perioperative bradycardia and asystole: relationship to vasovagal syncope and the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Br J Anaesth. 2001 Jun;86(6):859-68. doi: 10.1093/bja/86.6.859.
• Results Dobson PM, Caldicott LD, Gerrish SP, Cole JR, Channer KS. Changes in haemodynamic variables during transurethral resection of the prostate: comparison of general and spinal anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1994 Mar;72(3):267-71. doi: 10.1093/bja/72.3.267.
• Results Ali S, Athar M, Ahmed SM. Basics of CPB. Indian J Anaesth. 2019;49:257-62.
• Results Lee AJ, Landau R. Aortocaval Compression Syndrome: Time to Revisit Certain Dogmas. Anesth Analg. 2017 Dec;125(6):1975-1985. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002313.
• Results Dick WF. Anaesthesia for caesarean section (epidural and general): effects on the neonate. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1995 May;59 Suppl:S61-7. doi: 10.1016/0028-2243(95)02075-4.
• Results Kuhn JC, Hauge TH, Rosseland LA, Dahl V, Langesaeter E. Hemodynamics of Phenylephrine Infusion Versus Lower Extremity Compression During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Anesth Analg. 2016 Apr;122(4):1120-9. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001174.
• Results Cyna AM, Andrew M, Emmett RS, Middleton P, Simmons SW. Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD002251. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002251.pub2.
• Results Lee AJ, Landau R, Mattingly JL, Meenan MM, Corradini B, Wang S, Goodman SR, Smiley RM. Left Lateral Table Tilt for Elective Cesarean Delivery under Spinal Anesthesia Has No Effect on Neonatal Acid-Base Status: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesthesiology. 2017 Aug;127(2):241-249. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001737.
• Results Ripolles Melchor J, Espinosa A, Martinez Hurtado E, Casans Frances R, Navarro Perez R, Abad Gurumeta A, Calvo Vecino JM. Colloids versus crystalloids in the prevention of hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia in elective cesarean section. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Minerva Anestesiol. 2015 Sep;81(9):1019-30. Epub 2014 Dec 11.
• Results Mercier FJ. Cesarean delivery fluid management. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2012 Jun;25(3):286-91. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e3283530dab.
• Results Banerjee A, Stocche RM, Angle P, Halpern SH. Preload or coload for spinal anesthesia for elective Cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth. 2010 Jan;57(1):24-31. doi: 10.1007/s12630-009-9206-7. Epub 2009 Oct 27.
• Results Sharwood-Smith G, Drummond GB. Hypotension in obstetric spinal anaesthesia: a lesson from pre-eclampsia. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Mar;102(3):291-4. doi: 10.1093/bja/aep003. No abstract available.
• Results Hwang J, Min S, Kim C, Gil N, Kim E, Huh J. Prophylactic glycopyrrolate reduces hypotensive responses in elderly patients during spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial. Can J Anaesth. 2014 Jan;61(1):32-8. doi: 10.1007/s12630-013-0064-y. Epub 2013 Dec 18.
• Results McDonnell NJ, Paech MJ, Muchatuta NA, Hillyard S, Nathan EA. A randomised double-blind trial of phenylephrine and metaraminol infusions for prevention of hypotension during spinal and combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia for elective caesarean section. Anaesthesia. 2017 May;72(5):609-617. doi: 10.1111/anae.13836. Epub 2017 Mar 3.
• Results Cardoso MM, Yamaguchi ET, Amaro AR, Mezzetti R, Torres MA. Fetal and maternal effects of bolus of phenylephrine or metaraminol during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology. 2005;102:A31--A31.
• Results Abboud TK, Read J, Miller F, Chen T, Valle R, Henriksen EH. Use of glycopyrrolate in the parturient: effect on the maternal and fetal heart and uterine activity. Obstet Gynecol. 1981 Feb;57(2):224-7.
• Results Ali-Melkkila T, Kaila T, Kanto J, Iisalo E. Pharmacokinetics of glycopyrronium in parturients. Anaesthesia. 1990 Aug;45(8):634-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14385.x.
• Results Mirakhur RK, Dundee JW. Glycopyrrolate: pharmacology and clinical use. Anaesthesia. 1983 Dec;38(12):1195-204. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1983.tb12525.x.
• Results Ure D, James KS, McNeill M, Booth JV. Glycopyrrolate reduces nausea during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section without affecting neonatal outcome. Br J Anaesth. 1999 Feb;82(2):277-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/82.2.277.
• Results Chamchad D, Horrow JC, Nakhamchik L, Sauter J, Roberts N, Aronzon B, Gerson A, Medved M. Prophylactic glycopyrrolate prevents bradycardia after spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled prospective trial with heart rate variability correlation. J Clin Anesth. 2011 Aug;23(5):361-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2010.12.008. Epub 2011 May 31.
• Results Yoon HJ, Cho HJ, Lee IH, Jee YS, Kim SM. Comparison of hemodynamic changes between phenylephrine and combined phenylephrine and glycopyrrolate groups after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2012 Jan;62(1):35-9. doi: 10.4097/kjae.2012.62.1.35. Epub 2012 Jan 25.
• Results Patel SD, Habib AS, Phillips S, Carvalho B, Sultan P. The Effect of Glycopyrrolate on the Incidence of Hypotension and Vasopressor Requirement During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: A Meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2018 Feb;126(2):552-558. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002274.
• Results Allen TK, George RB, White WD, Muir HA, Habib AS. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of four fixed rate infusion regimens of phenylephrine for hemodynamic support during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg. 2010 Nov;111(5):1221-9. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181e1db21. Epub 2010 May 21.
• Results Wang X, Mao M, Liu S, Xu S, Yang J. A Comparative Study of Bolus Norepinephrine, Phenylephrine, and Ephedrine for the Treatment of Maternal Hypotension in Parturients with Preeclampsia During Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia. Med Sci Monit. 2019 Feb 9;25:1093-1101. doi: 10.12659/MSM.914143.
• Results Chabicovsky M, Winkler S, Soeberdt M, Kilic A, Masur C, Abels C. Pharmacology, toxicology and clinical safety of glycopyrrolate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 May 1;370:154-169. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.016. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
• Results Bruntion L (ed), Chabner B (ed), Knollman B (ed). Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: The McGraw Hill Companies; 2011.
• Deshar R, Subedi A, Pokharel K, Sah BP, Prasad JN. Effect of glycopyrrolate on vasopressor requirements for non-elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2022 Oct 25;22(1):327. doi: 10.1186/s12871-022-01882-4.

Drugs

Indications

No indication recorded.