SSI Rates in Patients Undergoing Mastectomy Without Reconstruction- A Multicenter, Double-blinded RCT.

Summary

Breast cancer is the second most prevalent malignancy in the world and an important component of treatment warrants surgical procedures such as mastectomy. Surgical site infections after breast surgery may range from 1-26%, which is high for surgeries that are considered "clean procedures", as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) wound classification system. Prophylactic antibiotics given before the surgical incision as per Joint Commissions SCIP (Surgical Care Improvement Project) guidelines, have been shown to decrease the rate of postoperative infections in a vast number of patients. There is however, no clear consensus due to lack of evidence on continuation (duration) of prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing mastectomy with indwelling drains, and thus antibiotic prescribing practices may vary among breast as well as reconstructive surgeons. In this trial all patients undergoing mastectomy without immediate reconstruction will receive a single prophylactic dose of preoperative antibiotic, and subsequently, the patients will be randomized to either continue the prophylactic antibiotics or receive a placebo for the duration of indwelling drains. The aim of this trial is to compare the difference in SSI rates between these two study arms as the main outcome. In addition, the factors associated with differing rates of SSI in the intervention and control group will also be identified.

Timeline

Start

2020-11-01

Primary completion

2022-12-31

Completion

2022-12-31

Publications

• Background Zeeshan S, Ali B, Ahmad K, Chagpar AB, Sattar AK. Clinicopathological Features of Young Versus Older Patients With Breast Cancer at a Single Pakistani Institution and a Comparison With a National US Database. J Glob Oncol. 2019 Mar;5:1-6. doi: 10.1200/JGO.18.00208.
• Background Vilar-Compte D, Jacquemin B, Robles-Vidal C, Volkow P. Surgical site infections in breast surgery: case-control study. World J Surg. 2004 Mar;28(3):242-6. doi: 10.1007/s00268-003-7193-3. Epub 2004 Feb 17.
• Background Throckmorton AD, Boughey JC, Boostrom SY, Holifield AC, Stobbs MM, Hoskin T, Baddour LM, Degnim AC. Postoperative prophylactic antibiotics and surgical site infection rates in breast surgery patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009 Sep;16(9):2464-9. doi: 10.1245/s10434-009-0542-1. Epub 2009 Jun 9.
• Background Degnim AC, Scow JS, Hoskin TL, Miller JP, Loprinzi M, Boughey JC, Jakub JW, Throckmorton A, Patel R, Baddour LM. Randomized controlled trial to reduce bacterial colonization of surgical drains after breast and axillary operations. Ann Surg. 2013 Aug;258(2):240-7. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31828c0b85.
• Background Angarita FA, Acuna SA, Torregrosa L, Tawil M, Escallon J, Ruiz A. Perioperative variables associated with surgical site infection in breast cancer surgery. J Hosp Infect. 2011 Dec;79(4):328-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.08.006. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
• Background Jones DJ, Bunn F, Bell-Syer SV. Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infection after breast cancer surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Mar 9;(3):CD005360. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005360.pub4.
• Background Felippe WA, Werneck GL, Santoro-Lopes G. Surgical site infection among women discharged with a drain in situ after breast cancer surgery. World J Surg. 2007 Dec;31(12):2293-9; discussion 2300-1. doi: 10.1007/s00268-007-9248-3.
• Background Gao YX, Xu L, Ye JM, Wang DM, Zhao JX, Zhang LB, Duan XN, Liu YH. Analysis of risk factors of surgical site infections in breast cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2010 Mar 5;123(5):559-62.
• Background Vilar-Compte D, Rosales S, Hernandez-Mello N, Maafs E, Volkow P. Surveillance, control, and prevention of surgical site infections in breast cancer surgery: a 5-year experience. Am J Infect Control. 2009 Oct;37(8):674-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.02.010. Epub 2009 Jun 24.
• Background Teija-Kaisa A, Eija M, Marja S, Outi L. Risk factors for surgical site infection in breast surgery. J Clin Nurs. 2013 Apr;22(7-8):948-57. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12009. Epub 2012 Nov 2.
• Background Thomson DR, Sadideen H, Furniss D. Wound drainage after axillary dissection for carcinoma of the breast. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Oct 20;2013(10):CD006823. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006823.pub2.
• Background Rotstein C, Ferguson R, Cummings KM, Piedmonte MR, Lucey J, Banish A. Determinants of clean surgical wound infections for breast procedures at an oncology center. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1992 Apr;13(4):207-14. doi: 10.1086/646511.
• Background Rey JE, Gardner SM, Cushing RD. Determinants of surgical site infection after breast biopsy. Am J Infect Control. 2005 Mar;33(2):126-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.05.004.
• Background Bratzler DW, Dellinger EP, Olsen KM, Perl TM, Auwaerter PG, Bolon MK, Fish DN, Napolitano LM, Sawyer RG, Slain D, Steinberg JP, Weinstein RA; American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP); Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA); Surgical Infection Society (SIS); Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2013 Feb;14(1):73-156. doi: 10.1089/sur.2013.9999. Epub 2013 Mar 5. No abstract available.
• Background Hedrick TL, Smith PW, Gazoni LM, Sawyer RG. The appropriate use of antibiotics in surgery: a review of surgical infections. Curr Probl Surg. 2007 Oct;44(10):635-75. doi: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2007.06.006. No abstract available.
• Background Edwards BL, Stukenborg GJ, Brenin DR, Schroen AT. Use of prophylactic postoperative antibiotics during surgical drain presence following mastectomy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014 Oct;21(10):3249-55. doi: 10.1245/s10434-014-3960-7. Epub 2014 Aug 20.
• Background Wilcox MH, Mooney L, Bendall R, Settle CD, Fawley WN. A case-control study of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 Aug;62(2):388-96. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkn163. Epub 2008 Apr 22.
• Background Wilcox MH, Chalmers JD, Nord CE, Freeman J, Bouza E. Role of cephalosporins in the era of Clostridium difficile infection. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017 Jan;72(1):1-18. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkw385. Epub 2016 Sep 22.
• Background Thomas C, Stevenson M, Riley TV. Antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003 Jun;51(6):1339-50. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkg254. Epub 2003 May 13.
• Sattar AK, Zahid N, Shahzad H, Soomro R, Saleem O, Mahmood SF. Impact of duration of antibiotic prophylaxis on rates of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing mastectomy without immediate reconstruction, comparing a single prophylactic dose versus continued antibiotic prophylaxis postoperatively: a multicentre, double-blinded randomised control trial protocol. BMJ Open. 2021 Jul 9;11(7):e049572. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049572.

Drugs

Indications

No indication recorded.