Treatment With Pirfenidone for COVID-19 Related Severe ARDS

Summary

A randomized, open label, two arm, pilot trial of Pirfenidone 2,403 mg administered per nasogastric tube or orally as 801mg TID for 4 weeks in addition to Standard of Care (SoC), compared to SoC alone, in a population of COVID-19 induced severe ARDS. Patients will be randomized according to 1:1 ratio to one of the trial arms: Pirfenidone (intervention arm) or SoC (control arm).

Timeline

Start

2020-11-08

Primary completion

2022-12-31

Completion

2022-12-31

Publications

• Background Koh Y. Update in acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Intensive Care. 2014 Jan 3;2(1):2. doi: 10.1186/2052-0492-2-2. eCollection 2014.
• Background Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, Carlet J, Falke K, Hudson L, Lamy M, Legall JR, Morris A, Spragg R. The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Mar;149(3 Pt 1):818-24. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.149.3.7509706.
• Background ARDS Definition Task Force; Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT, Ferguson ND, Caldwell E, Fan E, Camporota L, Slutsky AS. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition. JAMA. 2012 Jun 20;307(23):2526-33. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.5669.
• Background Combes A, Hajage D, Capellier G, Demoule A, Lavoue S, Guervilly C, Da Silva D, Zafrani L, Tirot P, Veber B, Maury E, Levy B, Cohen Y, Richard C, Kalfon P, Bouadma L, Mehdaoui H, Beduneau G, Lebreton G, Brochard L, Ferguson ND, Fan E, Slutsky AS, Brodie D, Mercat A; EOLIA Trial Group, REVA, and ECMONet. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 24;378(21):1965-1975. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1800385.
• Background Meduri GU, Headley S, Kohler G, Stentz F, Tolley E, Umberger R, Leeper K. Persistent elevation of inflammatory cytokines predicts a poor outcome in ARDS. Plasma IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels are consistent and efficient predictors of outcome over time. Chest. 1995 Apr;107(4):1062-73. doi: 10.1378/chest.107.4.1062.
• Background Papazian L, Doddoli C, Chetaille B, Gernez Y, Thirion X, Roch A, Donati Y, Bonnety M, Zandotti C, Thomas P. A contributive result of open-lung biopsy improves survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Crit Care Med. 2007 Mar;35(3):755-62. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000257325.88144.30.
• Background Keshari RS, Silasi-Mansat R, Zhu H, Popescu NI, Peer G, Chaaban H, Lambris JD, Polf H, Lupu C, Kinasewitz G, Lupu F. Acute lung injury and fibrosis in a baboon model of Escherichia coli sepsis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2014 Feb;50(2):439-50. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0219OC.
• Background Burnham EL, Janssen WJ, Riches DW, Moss M, Downey GP. The fibroproliferative response in acute respiratory distress syndrome: mechanisms and clinical significance. Eur Respir J. 2014 Jan;43(1):276-85. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00196412. Epub 2013 Mar 21.
• Background Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020 Apr 7;323(13):1239-1242. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648. No abstract available.
• Background Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, Wu Y, Zhang L, Yu Z, Fang M, Yu T, Wang Y, Pan S, Zou X, Yuan S, Shang Y. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 May;8(5):475-481. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5. Epub 2020 Feb 24.
• Background Ichikado K, Muranaka H, Gushima Y, Kotani T, Nader HM, Fujimoto K, Johkoh T, Iwamoto N, Kawamura K, Nagano J, Fukuda K, Hirata N, Yoshinaga T, Ichiyasu H, Tsumura S, Kohrogi H, Kawaguchi A, Yoshioka M, Sakuma T, Suga M. Fibroproliferative changes on high-resolution CT in the acute respiratory distress syndrome predict mortality and ventilator dependency: a prospective observational cohort study. BMJ Open. 2012 Mar 1;2(2):e000545. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000545. Print 2012.
• Background King TE Jr, Bradford WZ, Castro-Bernardini S, Fagan EA, Glaspole I, Glassberg MK, Gorina E, Hopkins PM, Kardatzke D, Lancaster L, Lederer DJ, Nathan SD, Pereira CA, Sahn SA, Sussman R, Swigris JJ, Noble PW; ASCEND Study Group. A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2014 May 29;370(22):2083-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1402582. Epub 2014 May 18.
• Background Conte E, Gili E, Fagone E, Fruciano M, Iemmolo M, Vancheri C. Effect of pirfenidone on proliferation, TGF-beta-induced myofibroblast differentiation and fibrogenic activity of primary human lung fibroblasts. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2014 Jul 16;58:13-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.02.014. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
• Background Schaefer CJ, Ruhrmund DW, Pan L, Seiwert SD, Kossen K. Antifibrotic activities of pirfenidone in animal models. Eur Respir Rev. 2011 Jun;20(120):85-97. doi: 10.1183/09059180.00001111.
• Background Liu Q, Lv H, Wen Z, Ci X, Peng L. Isoliquiritigenin Activates Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2 Related Factor 2 to Suppress the NOD-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasome and Inhibits the NF-kappaB Pathway in Macrophages and in Acute Lung Injury. Front Immunol. 2017 Nov 9;8:1518. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01518. eCollection 2017.
• Background Liu Y, Lu F, Kang L, Wang Z, Wang Y. Pirfenidone attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by regulating Nrf2/Bach1 equilibrium. BMC Pulm Med. 2017 Apr 18;17(1):63. doi: 10.1186/s12890-017-0405-7.
• Background Li Y, Li H, Liu S, Pan P, Su X, Tan H, Wu D, Zhang L, Song C, Dai M, Li Q, Mao Z, Long Y, Hu Y, Hu C. Pirfenidone ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Mol Immunol. 2018 Jul;99:134-144. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.003. Epub 2018 May 26.
• Background Chen HC, et al pirfenidone can enhance the patients' recovery from fibrotic phase of ARDS: a case report. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2019.02.130
• Background Saha A, Vaidya PJ, Chavhan VB, Achlerkar A, Leuppi JD, Chhajed PN. Combined pirfenidone, azithromycin and prednisolone in post-H1N1 ARDS pulmonary fibrosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2018;35(1):85-90. doi: 10.36141/svdld.v35i1.6393. Epub 2018 Apr 28.
• Background Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, Kumar A, Sevransky JE, Sprung CL, Nunnally ME, Rochwerg B, Rubenfeld GD, Angus DC, Annane D, Beale RJ, Bellinghan GJ, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith C, De Backer DP, French CJ, Fujishima S, Gerlach H, Hidalgo JL, Hollenberg SM, Jones AE, Karnad DR, Kleinpell RM, Koh Y, Lisboa TC, Machado FR, Marini JJ, Marshall JC, Mazuski JE, McIntyre LA, McLean AS, Mehta S, Moreno RP, Myburgh J, Navalesi P, Nishida O, Osborn TM, Perner A, Plunkett CM, Ranieri M, Schorr CA, Seckel MA, Seymour CW, Shieh L, Shukri KA, Simpson SQ, Singer M, Thompson BT, Townsend SR, Van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Wiersinga WJ, Zimmerman JL, Dellinger RP. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Mar;43(3):304-377. doi: 10.1007/s00134-017-4683-6. Epub 2017 Jan 18.

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Indications