Evaluation of the Effect of Rosuvastatin on Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity

Summary

Cisplatin is an effective anti-cancer drug for the treatment of many solid tumors in humans. Although the clinical response to cisplatin chemotherapy is encouraging, the nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of the drug makes it difficult to continue its administration in many cases. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity occurs through several mechanisms, mainly through the transport and accumulation of cisplatin into renal epithelial cells, injury to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, activation of multiple cell death pathways and initiation of inflammatory response. Accordingly, several experimental strategies were developed to prevent this toxicity. For example, drugs that reduced renal cisplatin accumulation such as organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and copper transporter (Ctr1) inhibitors, antioxidants, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory agents were investigated. However, many of these drugs interfered with the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin. Statins are agents used for reducing plasma cholesterol through the inhibition of the enzyme 3- hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. In addition, statins are also proven to have pleiotropic, non-lipid dependent effects. These effects include anti-inflammatory actions and reduction of oxidative stress. Based on animal studies performed, statins have been shown to reduce the nephrotoxic effects of cisplatin in rats. In addition, ongoing clinical trials are aiming to investigate the role of statins in the protection against the ototoxicity of cisplatin as well. Our aim is to assess the protective effect of statins on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity in humans.

Timeline

Start

2020-11-17

Primary completion

2021-08

Completion

2021-08

Publications

• Background An Y, Xin H, Yan W, Zhou X. Amelioration of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by pravastatin in mice. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2011 Mar;63(3):215-9. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.12.002. Epub 2010 Jan 8.
• Background Fujieda M, Morita T, Naruse K, Hayashi Y, Ishihara M, Yokoyama T, Toma T, Ohta K, Wakiguchi H. Effect of pravastatin on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2011 Jul;30(7):603-15. doi: 10.1177/0960327110376551. Epub 2010 Jul 22.
• Background Seckl MJ, Ottensmeier CH, Cullen M, Schmid P, Ngai Y, Muthukumar D, Thompson J, Harden S, Middleton G, Fife KM, Crosse B, Taylor P, Nash S, Hackshaw A. Multicenter, Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Pravastatin Added to First-Line Standard Chemotherapy in Small-Cell Lung Cancer (LUNGSTAR). J Clin Oncol. 2017 May 10;35(14):1506-1514. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.69.7391. Epub 2017 Feb 27.
• Background Pabla N, Dong Z. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: mechanisms and renoprotective strategies. Kidney Int. 2008 May;73(9):994-1007. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002786. Epub 2008 Feb 13.

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