Combination Cefazolin With Ertapenem for Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia

Summary

There is a variety of in vitro, in vivo (animal model), and human case series data which suggests that the addition of ertapenem to cefazolin could improve outcomes in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus bacteremia. No randomized controlled trial has been performed. This study is an approved sub-study of The Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial (NCT05137119)

Timeline

Start

2024-05-20

Primary completion

2027-04

Completion

2027-07

Publications

• Background Ulloa ER, Singh KV, Geriak M, Haddad F, Murray BE, Nizet V, Sakoulas G. Cefazolin and Ertapenem Salvage Therapy Rapidly Clears Persistent Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Sep 12;71(6):1413-1418. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz995.
• Background Sakoulas G, Olson J, Yim J, Singh NB, Kumaraswamy M, Quach DT, Rybak MJ, Pogliano J, Nizet V. Cefazolin and Ertapenem, a Synergistic Combination Used To Clear Persistent Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Oct 21;60(11):6609-6618. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01192-16. Print 2016 Nov.
• Background Cosgrove SE, Vigliani GA, Fowler VG Jr, Abrutyn E, Corey GR, Levine DP, Rupp ME, Chambers HF, Karchmer AW, Boucher HW. Initial low-dose gentamicin for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis is nephrotoxic. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Mar 15;48(6):713-21. doi: 10.1086/597031.
• Background Bamberger DM, Herndon BL, Fitch J, Florkowski A, Parkhurst V. Effects of neutrophils on cefazolin activity and penicillin-binding proteins in Staphylococcus aureus abscesses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Sep;46(9):2878-84. doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.9.2878-2884.2002.
• Background Chambers HF, Sachdeva M. Binding of beta-lactam antibiotics to penicillin-binding proteins in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Infect Dis. 1990 Jun;161(6):1170-6. doi: 10.1093/infdis/161.6.1170.
• Background Cheng MP, Lawandi A, Butler-Laporte G, De l'Etoile-Morel S, Paquette K, Lee TC. Adjunctive Daptomycin in the Treatment of Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 May 4;72(9):e196-e203. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1000.
• Background Tong SYC, Mora J, Bowen AC, Cheng MP, Daneman N, Goodman AL, Heriot GS, Lee TC, Lewis RJ, Lye DC, Mahar RK, Marsh J, McGlothlin A, McQuilten Z, Morpeth SC, Paterson DL, Price DJ, Roberts JA, Robinson JO, van Hal SJ, Walls G, Webb SA, Whiteway L, Yahav D, Davis JS; Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) Study Group. The Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform Trial Protocol: New Tools for an Old Foe. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Nov 30;75(11):2027-2034. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac476.
• Shah S, Clarke LG, Falcione BA, Shields RK, Smith BJ. Incidence and factors associated with rapid blood culture sterilization among patients receiving ertapenem combination therapy for MSSA bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2026 Feb 4;70(2):e0130325. doi: 10.1128/aac.01303-25. Epub 2025 Dec 23.

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