Terazosin and Parkinson's Disease Extension Study

Summary

The purpose of this study is to investigate the long-term effects of treatment with the selective post-synaptic a1-adrenergic blocker terazosin on serial in a population of subjects with defined pre-motor Parkinson's disease (PD) risks and abnormal imaging exams. Imaging changes will be correlated to the presence and severity of motor and non-motor symptoms of PD, measured by validated clinical scales and cardiac autonomic function tests.

Timeline

Start

2022-09-23

Primary completion

2026-03-10

Completion

2026-03-10

Publications

• Results American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disor- ders 2nd ed.: Diagnostic and coding manual. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2005.
• Results Amino T, Orimo S, Itoh Y, Takahashi A, Uchihara T, Mizusawa H. Profound cardiac sympathetic denervation occurs in Parkinson disease. Brain Pathol. 2005 Jan;15(1):29-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2005.tb00097.x.
• Results Boeve BF. REM sleep behavior disorder: Updated review of the core features, the REM sleep behavior disorder-neurodegenerative disease association, evolving concepts, controversies, and future directions. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Jan;1184:15-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05115.x.
• Results Braak H, Del Tredici K, Rub U, de Vos RA, Jansen Steur EN, Braak E. Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2003 Mar-Apr;24(2):197-211. doi: 10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00065-9.
• Results Cai R, Zhang Y, Simmering JE, Schultz JL, Li Y, Fernandez-Carasa I, Consiglio A, Raya A, Polgreen PM, Narayanan NS, Yuan Y, Chen Z, Su W, Han Y, Zhao C, Gao L, Ji X, Welsh MJ, Liu L. Enhancing glycolysis attenuates Parkinson's disease progression in models and clinical databases. J Clin Invest. 2019 Oct 1;129(10):4539-4549. doi: 10.1172/JCI129987.
• Results Cedarbaum JM, Aghajanian GK. Catecholamine receptors on locus coeruleus neurons: pharmacological characterization. Eur J Pharmacol. 1977 Aug 15;44(4):375-85. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(77)90312-0. No abstract available.
• Results Chang EB, Leung PS. Gastrintestinal Motility. In 'The Gastrointestinal System: Gastrointestinal, Nutritional and Hepatobiliary Physiology' P.S. Leung (ed.), Springer Science, Dordrecht 2014, 35-62.
• Results Clewett DV, Lee TH, Greening S, Ponzio A, Margalit E, Mather M. Neuromelanin marks the spot: identifying a locus coeruleus biomarker of cognitive reserve in healthy aging. Neurobiol Aging. 2016 Jan;37:117-126. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.09.019. Epub 2015 Oct 29.
• Results de Milliano PA, van Eck-Smit BL, de Groot AC, Lie KI. Metoprolol-induced changes in myocardial (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake in Parkinson's disease. Circulation. 2000 Nov 14;102(20):2553-4. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.102.20.2553. No abstract available.
• Results de Peuter OR, Verberne HJ, Kok WE, van den Bogaard B, Schaap MC, Nieuwland R, Meijers JC, Somsen GA, Bakx A, Kamphuisen PW. Differential effects of nonselective versus selective beta-blockers on cardiac sympathetic activity and hemostasis in patients with heart failure. J Nucl Med. 2013 Oct;54(10):1733-9. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.113.120477. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
• Results Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Regulation of the stress response by the gut microbiota: implications for psychoneuroendocrinology. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012 Sep;37(9):1369-78. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.007. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
• Results Dorschner J, Farmakis G, Behnke S, Hellwig D, Schneider S, Fassbender K, Kirsch CM, Dillmann U, Spiegel J. Myocardial MIBG scintigraphy may predict the course of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2011 Jun;17(5):372-5. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.03.001. Epub 2011 Mar 21.
• Results Fereshtehnejad SM, Montplaisir JY, Pelletier A, Gagnon JF, Berg D, Postuma RB. Validation of the MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease: Longitudinal assessment in a REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) cohort. Mov Disord. 2017 Jun;32(6):865-873. doi: 10.1002/mds.26989. Epub 2017 Apr 21.
• Results Goldstein DS, Holmes C, Li ST, Bruce S, Metman LV, Cannon RO 3rd. Cardiac sympathetic denervation in Parkinson disease. Ann Intern Med. 2000 Sep 5;133(5):338-47. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-133-5-200009050-00009.
• Results Gronich N, Abernethy DR, Auriel E, Lavi I, Rennert G, Saliba W. beta2-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2018 Sep;33(9):1465-1471. doi: 10.1002/mds.108.
• Results Halsband C, Zapf A, Sixel-Doring F, Trenkwalder C, Mollenhauer B. The REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire is not Valid in De Novo Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2018 Mar 1;5(2):171-176. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.12591. eCollection 2018 Mar-Apr.
• Results He SC, Niu Q. Subclinical neurophysiological effects of manganese in welding workers. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2004 May-Aug;17(2 Suppl):11-6. doi: 10.1177/03946320040170S203.
• Results Heffernan DS, Inaba K, Arbabi S, Cotton BA. Sympathetic hyperactivity after traumatic brain injury and the role of beta-blocker therapy. J Trauma. 2010 Dec;69(6):1602-9. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181f2d3e8. No abstract available.
• Results Hogg E, Athreya K, Basile C, Tan EE, Kaminski J, Tagliati M. High Prevalence of Undiagnosed Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Subjects with Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2018;8(2):259-265. doi: 10.3233/JPD-181305.
• Results Hughes KC, Gao X, Baker JM, Stephen C, Kim IY, Valeri L, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A. Non-motor features of Parkinson's disease in a nested case-control study of US men. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018 Dec;89(12):1288-1295. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-318275. Epub 2018 Aug 3.
• Results Iranzo A, Santamaria J. Bisoprolol-induced rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Am J Med. 1999 Oct;107(4):390-2. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00245-4. No abstract available.
• Results Iranzo A, Valldeoriola F, Lomena F, Molinuevo JL, Serradell M, Salamero M, Cot A, Ros D, Pavia J, Santamaria J, Tolosa E. Serial dopamine transporter imaging of nigrostriatal function in patients with idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder: a prospective study. Lancet Neurol. 2011 Sep;10(9):797-805. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70152-1. Epub 2011 Jul 28.
• Results Iranzo A, Tolosa E, Gelpi E, Molinuevo JL, Valldeoriola F, Serradell M, Sanchez-Valle R, Vilaseca I, Lomena F, Vilas D, Llado A, Gaig C, Santamaria J. Neurodegenerative disease status and post-mortem pathology in idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder: an observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2013 May;12(5):443-53. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70056-5. Epub 2013 Apr 3.
• Results Iranzo A, Lomena F, Stockner H, Valldeoriola F, Vilaseca I, Salamero M, Molinuevo JL, Serradell M, Duch J, Pavia J, Gallego J, Seppi K, Hogl B, Tolosa E, Poewe W, Santamaria J; Sleep Innsbruck Barcelona (SINBAR) group. Decreased striatal dopamine transporter uptake and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity as risk markers of synucleinopathy in patients with idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder: a prospective study [corrected]. Lancet Neurol. 2010 Nov;9(11):1070-7. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70216-7. Epub 2010 Sep 16.
• Results Iwanaga K, Wakabayashi K, Yoshimoto M, Tomita I, Satoh H, Takashima H, Satoh A, Seto M, Tsujihata M, Takahashi H. Lewy body-type degeneration in cardiac plexus in Parkinson's and incidental Lewy body diseases. Neurology. 1999 Apr 12;52(6):1269-71. doi: 10.1212/wnl.52.6.1269.
• Results Jacob S, Rett K, Wicklmayr M, Agrawal B, Augustin HJ, Dietze GJ. Differential effect of chronic treatment with two beta-blocking agents on insulin sensitivity: the carvedilol-metoprolol study. J Hypertens. 1996 Apr;14(4):489-94.
• Results Jacobson AF, Senior R, Cerqueira MD, Wong ND, Thomas GS, Lopez VA, Agostini D, Weiland F, Chandna H, Narula J; ADMIRE-HF Investigators. Myocardial iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine imaging and cardiac events in heart failure. Results of the prospective ADMIRE-HF (AdreView Myocardial Imaging for Risk Evaluation in Heart Failure) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 May 18;55(20):2212-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.014. Epub 2010 Feb 25.
• Results Johnson ME, Stecher B, Labrie V, Brundin L, Brundin P. Triggers, Facilitators, and Aggravators: Redefining Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis. Trends Neurosci. 2019 Jan;42(1):4-13. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.09.007. Epub 2018 Oct 17.
• Results Joyner MJ, Barnes JN, Hart EC, Wallin BG, Charkoudian N. Neural control of the circulation: how sex and age differences interact in humans. Compr Physiol. 2015 Jan;5(1):193-215. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c140005.
• Results Keating GM, Jarvis B. Carvedilol: a review of its use in chronic heart failure. Drugs. 2003;63(16):1697-741. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200363160-00006.
• Results Keren NI, Taheri S, Vazey EM, Morgan PS, Granholm AC, Aston-Jones GS, Eckert MA. Histologic validation of locus coeruleus MRI contrast in post-mortem tissue. Neuroimage. 2015 Jun;113:235-45. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.020. Epub 2015 Mar 17.
• Results Knudsen K, Fedorova TD, Hansen AK, Sommerauer M, Otto M, Svendsen KB, Nahimi A, Stokholm MG, Pavese N, Beier CP, Brooks DJ, Borghammer P. In-vivo staging of pathology in REM sleep behaviour disorder: a multimodality imaging case-control study. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Jul;17(7):618-628. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30162-5. Epub 2018 Jun 1.
• Results Langston JW, Wiley JC, Tagliati M. Optimizing Parkinson's disease diagnosis: the role of a dual nuclear imaging algorithm. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2018 Feb 23;4:5. doi: 10.1038/s41531-018-0041-9. eCollection 2018.
• Results Lotsch J, Daiker H, Hahner A, Ultsch A, Hummel T. Drug-target based cross-sectional analysis of olfactory drug effects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Apr;71(4):461-71. doi: 10.1007/s00228-015-1814-2. Epub 2015 Feb 11.
• Results Mann DM, Yates PO. Lipoprotein pigments--their relationship to ageing in the human nervous system. II. The melanin content of pigmented nerve cells. Brain. 1974 Sep;97(3):489-98. doi: 10.1093/brain/97.1.489. No abstract available.
• Results Marek KL, Seibyl JP, Zoghbi SS, Zea-Ponce Y, Baldwin RM, Fussell B, Charney DS, van Dyck C, Hoffer PB, Innis RP. [123I] beta-CIT/SPECT imaging demonstrates bilateral loss of dopamine transporters in hemi-Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 1996 Jan;46(1):231-7. doi: 10.1212/wnl.46.1.231.
• Results Martinelli N, Olivieri O, Girelli D. Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: a narrative review. Eur J Intern Med. 2013 Jun;24(4):295-302. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2013.04.001. Epub 2013 May 4.
• Results Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985 Jul;28(7):412-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00280883.
• Results Mitsui J, Saito Y, Momose T, Shimizu J, Arai N, Shibahara J, Ugawa Y, Kanazawa I, Tsuji S, Murayama S. Pathology of the sympathetic nervous system corresponding to the decreased cardiac uptake in 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy in a patient with Parkinson disease. J Neurol Sci. 2006 Apr 15;243(1-2):101-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2005.11.034. Epub 2006 Jan 27.
• Results Miyamoto T, Miyamoto M, Inoue Y, Usui Y, Suzuki K, Hirata K. Reduced cardiac 123I-MIBG scintigraphy in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology. 2006 Dec 26;67(12):2236-8. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000249313.25627.2e.
• Results Mizutani Y, Nakamura T, Okada A, Suzuki J, Watanabe H, Hirayama M, Sobue G. Hyposmia and cardiovascular dysautonomia correlatively appear in early-stage Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014 May;20(5):520-4. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.02.010. Epub 2014 Feb 20.
• Results Morrison I, Frangulyan R, Riha RL. Beta-blockers as a cause of violent rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a poorly recognized but common cause of violent parasomnias. Am J Med. 2011 Jan;124(1):e11. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.04.023. Epub 2010 Sep 29. No abstract available.
• Results Nakajo M, Shapiro B, Glowniak J, Sisson JC, Beierwaltes WH. Inverse relationship between cardiac accumulation of meta-[131I]iodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG) and circulating catecholamines in suspected pheochromocytoma. J Nucl Med. 1983 Dec;24(12):1127-34.
• Results Nomura T, Inoue Y, Kagimura T, Uemura Y, Nakashima K. Utility of the REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire (RBDSQ) in Parkinson's disease patients. Sleep Med. 2011 Aug;12(7):711-3. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2011.01.015. Epub 2011 Jun 22.
• Results Nul D, Zambrano C, Diaz A, Ferrante D, Varini S, Soifer S, Grancelli H, Doval H; Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida en la Insuficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina. Impact of a standardized titration protocol with carvedilol in heart failure: safety, tolerability, and efficacy-a report from the GESICA registry. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2005 Mar;19(2):125-34. doi: 10.1007/s10557-005-1497-5.
• Results Orimo S, Ozawa E, Nakade S, Sugimoto T, Mizusawa H. (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999 Aug;67(2):189-94. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.67.2.189.
• Results Orimo S, Uchihara T, Nakamura A, Mori F, Kakita A, Wakabayashi K, Takahashi H. Axonal alpha-synuclein aggregates herald centripetal degeneration of cardiac sympathetic nerve in Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2008 Mar;131(Pt 3):642-50. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm302. Epub 2007 Dec 13.
• Results Orimo S, Suzuki M, Inaba A, Mizusawa H. 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy for differentiating Parkinson's disease from other neurodegenerative parkinsonism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012 Jun;18(5):494-500. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.01.009. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
• Results Otsuka N, Ohi M, Chin K, Kita H, Noguchi T, Hata T, Nohara R, Hosokawa R, Fujita M, Kuno K. Assessment of cardiac sympathetic function with iodine-123-MIBG imaging in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. J Nucl Med. 1997 Apr;38(4):567-72.
• Results Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN, Colucci WS, Fowler MB, Gilbert EM, Shusterman NH. The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1996 May 23;334(21):1349-55. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199605233342101.
• Results Pagano G, Tan EE, Haider JM, Bautista A, Tagliati M. Constipation is reduced by beta-blockers and increased by dopaminergic medications in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015 Feb;21(2):120-5. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.11.015. Epub 2014 Nov 25.
• Results Postuma RB, Montplaisir J, Lanfranchi P, Blais H, Rompre S, Colombo R, Gagnon JF. Cardiac autonomic denervation in Parkinson's disease is linked to REM sleep behavior disorder. Mov Disord. 2011 Jul;26(8):1529-33. doi: 10.1002/mds.23677. Epub 2011 Apr 29.
• Results Postuma RB, Aarsland D, Barone P, Burn DJ, Hawkes CH, Oertel W, Ziemssen T. Identifying prodromal Parkinson's disease: pre-motor disorders in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2012 Apr 15;27(5):617-26. doi: 10.1002/mds.24996.
• Results Postuma RB, Gagnon JF, Bertrand JA, Genier Marchand D, Montplaisir JY. Parkinson risk in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder: preparing for neuroprotective trials. Neurology. 2015 Mar 17;84(11):1104-13. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001364. Epub 2015 Feb 13.
• Results Pyatigorskaya N, Gaurav R, Arnaldi D, Leu-Semenescu S, Yahia-Cherif L, Valabregue R, Vidailhet M, Arnulf I, Lehericy S. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers to Assess Substantia Nigra Damage in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Sleep. 2017 Nov 1;40(11). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsx149.
• Results Sakakibara R, Tateno F, Kishi M, Tsuyusaki Y, Terada H, Inaoka T. MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in pre-motor Parkinson's disease: a review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014 Mar;20(3):267-73. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.11.001. Epub 2013 Nov 21.
• Results Sakata K, Shirotani M, Yoshida H, Kurata C. Cardiac sympathetic nervous system in early essential hypertension assessed by 123I-MIBG. J Nucl Med. 1999 Jan;40(1):6-11.
• Results Sasaki M, Shibata E, Tohyama K, Takahashi J, Otsuka K, Tsuchiya K, Takahashi S, Ehara S, Terayama Y, Sakai A. Neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging of locus ceruleus and substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. Neuroreport. 2006 Jul 31;17(11):1215-8. doi: 10.1097/01.wnr.0000227984.84927.a7.
• Results Scheer FA, Morris CJ, Garcia JI, Smales C, Kelly EE, Marks J, Malhotra A, Shea SA. Repeated melatonin supplementation improves sleep in hypertensive patients treated with beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep. 2012 Oct 1;35(10):1395-402. doi: 10.5665/sleep.2122.
• Results Scott LA, Kench PL. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in the diabetic patient: does 123I-MIBG imaging have a role to play in early diagnosis? J Nucl Med Technol. 2004 Jun;32(2):66-71.
• Results Searles Nielsen S, Gross A, Camacho-Soto A, Willis AW, Racette BA. beta2-adrenoreceptor medications and risk of Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol. 2018 Nov;84(5):683-693. doi: 10.1002/ana.25341. Epub 2018 Oct 30.
• Results Seravalle G, Piperno A, Mariani R, Pelloni I, Facchetti R, Dell'Oro R, Cuspidi C, Mancia G, Grassi G. Alterations in sympathetic nerve traffic in genetic haemochromatosis before and after iron depletion therapy: a microneurographic study. Eur Heart J. 2016 Mar 21;37(12):988-95. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv696. Epub 2015 Dec 28.
• Results Schenck CH, Bundlie SR, Mahowald MW. Delayed emergence of a parkinsonian disorder in 38% of 29 older men initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Neurology. 1996 Feb;46(2):388-93. doi: 10.1212/wnl.46.2.388.
• Results Schenck CH, Boeve BF, Mahowald MW. Delayed emergence of a parkinsonian disorder or dementia in 81% of older men initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a 16-year update on a previously reported series. Sleep Med. 2013 Aug;14(8):744-8. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2012.10.009. Epub 2013 Jan 22.
• Results Spiegel J, Mollers MO, Jost WH, Fuss G, Samnick S, Dillmann U, Becker G, Kirsch CM. FP-CIT and MIBG scintigraphy in early Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2005 May;20(5):552-61. doi: 10.1002/mds.20369.
• Results Spiegel J, Hellwig D, Samnick S, Jost W, Mollers MO, Fassbender K, Kirsch CM, Dillmann U. Striatal FP-CIT uptake differs in the subtypes of early Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2007 Mar;114(3):331-5. doi: 10.1007/s00702-006-0518-2. Epub 2006 May 24.
• Results Spiegel J, Hellwig D, Jost WH, Farmakis G, Samnick S, Fassbender K, Kirsch CM, Dillmann U. Cerebral and Extracranial Neurodegeneration are Strongly Coupled in Parkinson's Disease. Open Neurol J. 2007;1:1-4. doi: 10.2174/1874205X00701010001. Epub 2007 Aug 22.
• Results Stoschitzky K, Koshucharova G, Lercher P, Maier R, Sakotnik A, Klein W, Liebmann PM, Lindner W. Stereoselective effects of (R)- and (S)-carvedilol in humans. Chirality. 2001 Jul;13(7):342-6. doi: 10.1002/chir.1042.
• Results Taki J, Nakajima K, Hwang EH, Matsunari I, Komai K, Yoshita M, Sakajiri K, Tonami N. Peripheral sympathetic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease without autonomic failure is heart selective and disease specific. [email protected]. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000 May;27(5):566-73. doi: 10.1007/s002590050544.
• Results Travin MI, Matsunari I, Thomas GS, Nakajima K, Yoshinaga K. How do we establish cardiac sympathetic nervous system imaging with 123I-mIBG in clinical practice? Perspectives and lessons from Japan and the US. J Nucl Cardiol. 2019 Aug;26(4):1434-1451. doi: 10.1007/s12350-018-1394-5. Epub 2018 Sep 3.
• Results Treglia G, Stefanelli A, Bruno I, Giordano A. Clinical usefulness of myocardial innervation imaging using Iodine-123-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in evaluating the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments in patients with heart failure: an overview. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013 Jan;17(1):56-68.
• Results Valappil RA, Black JE, Broderick MJ, Carrillo O, Frenette E, Sullivan SS, Goldman SM, Tanner CM, Langston JW. Exploring the electrocardiogram as a potential tool to screen for premotor Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2010 Oct 30;25(14):2296-303. doi: 10.1002/mds.23348.
• Results Varrone A, Dickson JC, Tossici-Bolt L, Sera T, Asenbaum S, Booij J, Kapucu OL, Kluge A, Knudsen GM, Koulibaly PM, Nobili F, Pagani M, Sabri O, Vander Borght T, Van Laere K, Tatsch K. European multicentre database of healthy controls for [123I]FP-CIT SPECT (ENC-DAT): age-related effects, gender differences and evaluation of different methods of analysis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013 Jan;40(2):213-27. doi: 10.1007/s00259-012-2276-8. Epub 2012 Nov 16.
• Results Velseboer DC, de Haan RJ, Wieling W, Goldstein DS, de Bie RM. Prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2011 Dec;17(10):724-9. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.04.016. Epub 2011 May 14.
• Results Verberne HJ, Brewster LM, Somsen GA, van Eck-Smit BL. Prognostic value of myocardial 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) parameters in patients with heart failure: a systematic review. Eur Heart J. 2008 May;29(9):1147-59. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn113. Epub 2008 Mar 17.
• Results Wieland DM, Brown LE, Rogers WL, Worthington KC, Wu JL, Clinthorne NH, Otto CA, Swanson DP, Beierwaltes WH. Myocardial imaging with a radioiodinated norepinephrine storage analog. J Nucl Med. 1981 Jan;22(1):22-31.
• Results Zecca L, Tampellini D, Gerlach M, Riederer P, Fariello RG, Sulzer D. Substantia nigra neuromelanin: structure, synthesis, and molecular behaviour. Mol Pathol. 2001 Dec;54(6):414-8.
• Results Zimnik NC, Treadway T, Smith RS, Araneda RC. alpha(1A)-Adrenergic regulation of inhibition in the olfactory bulb. J Physiol. 2013 Apr 1;591(7):1631-43. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.248591. Epub 2012 Dec 24.

Drugs

Indications