Oral Vancomycin Vs Placebo in the Prevention of Recurrence of Clostridioides Difficile's Infection

Summary

A phase III randomized clinical trial in proportion 2:1 in favor of oral vancomycin (experimental treatment), multicentric, national, double-blinded, controlled with placebo. The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with oral vancomycin to reduce the incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in patients who suffered previous CDI and who need further hospitalization and treatment with systemic antibiotic therapy in the 90 days after the first CDI.

Timeline

Start

2022-08-02

Primary completion

2024-03-01

Completion

2024-03-01

Publications

• Background Magill SS, Edwards JR, Bamberg W, Beldavs ZG, Dumyati G, Kainer MA, Lynfield R, Maloney M, McAllister-Hollod L, Nadle J, Ray SM, Thompson DL, Wilson LE, Fridkin SK; Emerging Infections Program Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Use Prevalence Survey Team. Multistate point-prevalence survey of health care-associated infections. N Engl J Med. 2014 Mar 27;370(13):1198-208. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1306801.
• Background Rauseo AM, Olsen MA, Reske KA, Dubberke ER. Strategies to prevent adverse outcomes following Clostridioides difficile infection in the elderly. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2020 Mar;18(3):203-217. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1717950. Epub 2020 Jan 27.
• Background Asensio A, Monge D. [Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in Spain]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2012 Jun;30(6):333-7. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2011.09.010. Epub 2011 Dec 2. Spanish.
• Background Asensio A, Vaque-Rafart J, Calbo-Torrecillas F, Gestal-Otero JJ, Lopez-Fernandez F, Trilla-Garcia A, Canton R; EPINE Working Group. Increasing rates in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) among hospitalised patients, Spain 1999-2007. Euro Surveill. 2008 Jul 31;13(31):18943.
• Background McDonald LC, Owings M, Jernigan DB. Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from US short-stay hospitals, 1996-2003. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Mar;12(3):409-15. doi: 10.3201/eid1205.051064.
• Background Eyre DW, Walker AS, Wyllie D, Dingle KE, Griffiths D, Finney J, O'Connor L, Vaughan A, Crook DW, Wilcox MH, Peto TE; Infections in Oxfordshire Research Database. Predictors of first recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection: implications for initial management. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Aug;55 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S77-87. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis356.
• Background Rodriguez-Pardo D, Almirante B, Bartolome RM, Pomar V, Mirelis B, Navarro F, Soriano A, Sorli L, Martinez-Montauti J, Molins MT, Lung M, Vila J, Pahissa A; Barcelona Clostridium difficile Study Group. Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection and risk factors for unfavorable clinical outcomes: results of a hospital-based study in Barcelona, Spain. J Clin Microbiol. 2013 May;51(5):1465-73. doi: 10.1128/JCM.03352-12. Epub 2013 Feb 27.
• Background Kelly CP. Can we identify patients at high risk of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection? Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012 Dec;18 Suppl 6:21-7. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12046.
• Background Leav BA, Blair B, Leney M, Knauber M, Reilly C, Lowy I, Gerding DN, Kelly CP, Katchar K, Baxter R, Ambrosino D, Molrine D. Serum anti-toxin B antibody correlates with protection from recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Vaccine. 2010 Jan 22;28(4):965-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.144. Epub 2009 Nov 24.
• Background Pepin J, Alary ME, Valiquette L, Raiche E, Ruel J, Fulop K, Godin D, Bourassa C. Increasing risk of relapse after treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis in Quebec, Canada. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Jun 1;40(11):1591-7. doi: 10.1086/430315. Epub 2005 Apr 25.
• Background Hu MY, Katchar K, Kyne L, Maroo S, Tummala S, Dreisbach V, Xu H, Leffler DA, Kelly CP. Prospective derivation and validation of a clinical prediction rule for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Gastroenterology. 2009 Apr;136(4):1206-14. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12.038. Epub 2008 Dec 13.
• Background Deshpande A, Pasupuleti V, Thota P, Pant C, Rolston DD, Hernandez AV, Donskey CJ, Fraser TG. Risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015 Apr;36(4):452-60. doi: 10.1017/ice.2014.88. Epub 2015 Jan 28.
• Background Cadena J, Thompson GR 3rd, Patterson JE, Nakashima B, Owens A, Echevarria K, Mortensen EM. Clinical predictors and risk factors for relapsing Clostridium difficile infection. Am J Med Sci. 2010 Apr;339(4):350-5. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181d3cdaa.
• Background Ghantoji SS, Sail K, Lairson DR, DuPont HL, Garey KW. Economic healthcare costs of Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect. 2010 Apr;74(4):309-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.10.016. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
• Background Larrainzar-Coghen T, Rodriguez-Pardo D, Puig-Asensio M, Rodriguez V, Ferrer C, Bartolome R, Pigrau C, Fernandez-Hidalgo N, Pumarola T, Almirante B. First recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection: clinical relevance, risk factors, and prognosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016 Mar;35(3):371-8. doi: 10.1007/s10096-015-2549-9. Epub 2016 Jan 11.
• Background Carpenter BP, Hennessey EK, Bryant AM, Khoury JA, Crannage AJ. Identification of Factors Impacting Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection and Development of a Risk Evaluation Tool. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2016 Jul-Sep;19(3):349-356. doi: 10.18433/J32S41.
• Background Zilberberg MD, Reske K, Olsen M, Yan Y, Dubberke ER. Risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) hospitalization among hospitalized patients with an initial CDI episode: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Jun 4;14:306. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-306.
• Background Aldape MJ, Rice SN, Field KP, Bryant AE, Stevens DL. Sub-lethal doses of surotomycin and vancomycin have similar effects on Clostridium difficile virulence factor production in vitro. J Med Microbiol. 2018 Dec;67(12):1689-1697. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000852. Epub 2018 Oct 11.
• Background Van Hise NW, Bryant AM, Hennessey EK, Crannage AJ, Khoury JA, Manian FA. Efficacy of Oral Vancomycin in Preventing Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients Treated With Systemic Antimicrobial Agents. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 1;63(5):651-3. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw401. Epub 2016 Jun 17.
• Background Cheng MP, Parkes LO, Lee TC. Efficacy of Oral Vancomycin in Preventing Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients Treated With Systemic Antimicrobial Agents. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Nov 15;63(10):1391-1392. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw595. Epub 2016 Aug 27. No abstract available.
• Background Carignan A, Poulin S, Martin P, Labbe AC, Valiquette L, Al-Bachari H, Montpetit LP, Pepin J. Efficacy of Secondary Prophylaxis With Vancomycin for Preventing Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infections. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 Dec;111(12):1834-1840. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.417. Epub 2016 Sep 13.
• Background Johnson SW, Brown SV, Priest DH. Effectiveness of Oral Vancomycin for Prevention of Healthcare Facility-Onset Clostridioides difficile Infection in Targeted Patients During Systemic Antibiotic Exposure. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Aug 22;71(5):1133-1139. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz966.
• Background Bauer MP, Kuijper EJ, van Dissel JT; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID): treatment guidance document for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009 Dec;15(12):1067-79. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03099.x.
• Background McDonald LC, Gerding DN, Johnson S, Bakken JS, Carroll KC, Coffin SE, Dubberke ER, Garey KW, Gould CV, Kelly C, Loo V, Shaklee Sammons J, Sandora TJ, Wilcox MH. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Mar 19;66(7):e1-e48. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix1085.
• Background Ooijevaar RE, van Beurden YH, Terveer EM, Goorhuis A, Bauer MP, Keller JJ, Mulder CJJ, Kuijper EJ. Update of treatment algorithms for Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018 May;24(5):452-462. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.12.022. Epub 2018 Jan 6.
• Background Cornely OA, Crook DW, Esposito R, Poirier A, Somero MS, Weiss K, Sears P, Gorbach S; OPT-80-004 Clinical Study Group. Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for infection with Clostridium difficile in Europe, Canada, and the USA: a double-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012 Apr;12(4):281-9. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70374-7. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
• Background Johnson S, Louie TJ, Gerding DN, Cornely OA, Chasan-Taber S, Fitts D, Gelone SP, Broom C, Davidson DM; Polymer Alternative for CDI Treatment (PACT) investigators. Vancomycin, metronidazole, or tolevamer for Clostridium difficile infection: results from two multinational, randomized, controlled trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Aug 1;59(3):345-54. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu313. Epub 2014 May 5.
• Background Louie TJ, Miller MA, Mullane KM, Weiss K, Lentnek A, Golan Y, Gorbach S, Sears P, Shue YK; OPT-80-003 Clinical Study Group. Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med. 2011 Feb 3;364(5):422-31. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0910812.
• Background Weiss K, Allgren RL, Sellers S. Safety analysis of fidaxomicin in comparison with oral vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Aug;55 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S110-5. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis390.
• Background Charlson ME, Sax FL, MacKenzie CR, Braham RL, Fields SD, Douglas RG Jr. Morbidity during hospitalization: can we predict it? J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(7):705-12. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90107-x.
• San-Juan R, Origuen J, Campion K, Fernandez-Ruiz M, Diaz-Pollan B, Callejas-Diaz A, Candela G, Orellana MA, Lora D, Llorente Munoz I, Garcia MT, Martinez-Una M, Ferrari JM, Aguado JM. Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of oral vancomycin versus placebo in the prevention of recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection in patients under systemic antibiotic therapy: a phase III, randomised, double-blind clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2023 Sep 13;13(9):e072121. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072121.

Drugs

Indications