Flurbiprofen Versus Aloe Vera Gel in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis in Smoking Patients.

Summary

This study aims to evaluate clinically the efficacy of flurbiprofen gel in comparison to Aloe Vera gel as adjunctive to SRP in the reduction of periodontal pockets in patients with chronic periodontitis in smoking patients. All patients will receive SRP prior to treatment. * Group 1: one site will receive flurbiprofen while the contralateral site will receive a placebo * Group 2: one site will receive aloe vera while the contralateral site will receive a placebo * Group 3: one site will receive flurbiprofen while the contralateral site will receive aloe vera Researchers will compare the inter and intra-groups differences to check if there's a variation in the periodontal parameters measured.

Timeline

Start

2022-09-30

Primary completion

2023-05-25

Completion

2023-07-19

Publications

• Background Zhang S, Yu N, Arce RM. Periodontal inflammation: Integrating genes and dysbiosis. Periodontol 2000. 2020 Feb;82(1):129-142. doi: 10.1111/prd.12267.
• Background Sanchavanakit N, Saengtong W, Manokawinchoke J, Pavasant P. TNF-alpha stimulates MMP-3 production via PGE2 signalling through the NF-kB and p38 MAPK pathway in a murine cementoblast cell line. Arch Oral Biol. 2015 Jul;60(7):1066-74. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.04.001. Epub 2015 Apr 20.
• Background Offenbacher S, Farr DH, Goodson JM. Measurement of prostaglandin E in crevicular fluid. J Clin Periodontol. 1981 Aug;8(4):359-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1981.tb02045.x.
• Background Khan KM, Kothari P, Du B, Dannenberg AJ, Falcone DJ. Matrix metalloproteinase-dependent microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 expression in macrophages: role of TNF-alpha and the EP4 prostanoid receptor. J Immunol. 2012 Feb 15;188(4):1970-80. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102383. Epub 2012 Jan 6.
• Background Eke PI, Wei L, Thornton-Evans GO, Borrell LN, Borgnakke WS, Dye B, Genco RJ. Risk Indicators for Periodontitis in US Adults: NHANES 2009 to 2012. J Periodontol. 2016 Oct;87(10):1174-85. doi: 10.1902/jop.2016.160013. Epub 2016 Jul 1.
• Background Kim J, Amar S. Periodontal disease and systemic conditions: a bidirectional relationship. Odontology. 2006 Sep;94(1):10-21. doi: 10.1007/s10266-006-0060-6.
• Background Ehizele A, Akhionbare O. Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the concentration of volatile sulfur compound in mouth air of a group of nigerian young adults. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2013 Jul;3(3):433-7. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.117951.
• Background Choi YM, Lee JY, Choi J, Joo JY. Effect of root planing on the reduction of probing depth and the gain of clinical attachment depending on the mode of interproximal bone resorption. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2015 Oct;45(5):184-9. doi: 10.5051/jpis.2015.45.5.184. Epub 2015 Nov 2.
• Background Morozumi T, Kubota T, Abe D, Shimizu T, Nohno K, Yoshie H. Microbiological effect of essential oils in combination with subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation and mouth rinsing in chronic periodontitis patients. Int J Dent. 2013;2013:146479. doi: 10.1155/2013/146479. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
• Background Goodson JM, Dewhirst FE, Brunetti A. Prostaglandin E2 levels and human periodontal disease. Prostaglandins. 1974 Apr 10;6(1):81-5. doi: 10.1016/s0090-6980(74)80043-2. No abstract available.
• Background Bacchi S, Palumbo P, Sponta A, Coppolino MF. Clinical pharmacology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a review. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem. 2012;11(1):52-64. doi: 10.2174/187152312803476255.
• Background Ren J, Fok MR, Zhang Y, Han B, Lin Y. The role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as adjuncts to periodontal treatment and in periodontal regeneration. J Transl Med. 2023 Feb 25;21(1):149. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-03990-2.
• Background Marcum ZA, Hanlon JT. Recognizing the Risks of Chronic Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use in Older Adults. Ann Longterm Care. 2010;18(9):24-27.
• Background Sholapurkar A, Sharma D, Glass B, Miller C, Nimmo A, Jennings E. Professionally Delivered Local Antimicrobials in the Treatment of Patients with Periodontitis-A Narrative Review. Dent J (Basel). 2020 Dec 22;9(1):2. doi: 10.3390/dj9010002.
• Background Salvi GE, Lang NP. The effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (selective and non-selective) on the treatment of periodontal diseases. Curr Pharm Des. 2005;11(14):1757-69. doi: 10.2174/1381612053764878.
• Background Howell TH, Fiorellini J, Weber HP, Williams RC. Effect of the NSAID piroxicam, topically administered, on the development of gingivitis in beagle dogs. J Periodontal Res. 1991 May;26(3 Pt 1):180-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01643.x.
• Background Deshpande NC, Bhat KM, Bhat GS, Deshpande AN. Randomized, controlled clinical study to evaluate efficacy of novel indigenously designed controlled release flurbiprofen gel system for management of periodontal diseases. Contemp Clin Dent. 2013 Jan;4(1):32-6. doi: 10.4103/0976-237X.111591.
• Background Saglam M, Kantarci A, Dundar N, Hakki SS. Clinical and biochemical effects of diode laser as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2014 Jan;29(1):37-46. doi: 10.1007/s10103-012-1230-0. Epub 2012 Nov 16.
• Background Pradeep AR, Bajaj P, Agarwal E, Rao NS, Naik SB, Kalra N, Priyanka N. Local drug delivery of 0.5% azithromycin in the treatment of chronic periodontitis among smokers. Aust Dent J. 2013 Mar;58(1):34-40. doi: 10.1111/adj.12019. Epub 2013 Jan 30.
• Background Agarwal E, Pradeep AR, Bajaj P, Naik SB. Efficacy of local drug delivery of 0.5% clarithromycin gel as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy in the treatment of current smokers with chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2012 Sep;83(9):1155-63. doi: 10.1902/jop.2012.110600. Epub 2012 Jan 16.
• Background Eick S, Renatus A, Heinicke M, Pfister W, Stratul SI, Jentsch H. Hyaluronic Acid as an adjunct after scaling and root planing: a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2013 Jul;84(7):941-9. doi: 10.1902/jop.2012.120269. Epub 2012 Oct 22.
• Background Prasad D, Kunnaiah R. Punica granatum: A review on its potential role in treating periodontal disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014 Jul;18(4):428-32. doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.138678.
• Background Krayer JW, Leite RS, Kirkwood KL. Non-surgical chemotherapeutic treatment strategies for the management of periodontal diseases. Dent Clin North Am. 2010 Jan;54(1):13-33. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2009.08.010.
• Background Eid Abdelmagyd HA, Ram Shetty DS, Musa Musleh Al-Ahmari DM. Herbal medicine as adjunct in periodontal therapies- A review of clinical trials in past decade. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2019 Jul-Sep;9(3):212-217. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2019.05.001. Epub 2019 May 14.
• Background Taleghani F, Rezvani G, Birjandi M, Valizadeh M. Impact of green tea intake on clinical improvement in chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018 Nov;119(5):365-368. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
• Background Mekhemar M, Geib M, Kumar M, Radha, Hassan Y, Dorfer C. Salvadora persica: Nature's Gift for Periodontal Health. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Apr 30;10(5):712. doi: 10.3390/antiox10050712.
• Background Vogler BK, Ernst E. Aloe vera: a systematic review of its clinical effectiveness. Br J Gen Pract. 1999 Oct;49(447):823-8.
• Background Harlev E, Nevo E, Lansky EP, Ofir R, Bishayee A. Anticancer potential of aloes: antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunostimulatory attributes. Planta Med. 2012 Jun;78(9):843-52. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1298453. Epub 2012 Apr 19.
• Background Pareek S, Nagaraj A, Sharma P, Atri M, Walia S, Naidu S, Yousuf A. Disinfection of dental unit water line using aloe vera: in vitro study. Int J Dent. 2013;2013:618962. doi: 10.1155/2013/618962. Epub 2013 Sep 8.
• Background Im SA, Kim KH, Kim HS, Lee KH, Shin E, Do SG, Jo TH, Park YI, Lee CK. Processed Aloe vera gel ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced immunotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Oct 24;15(11):19342-54. doi: 10.3390/ijms151119342.
• Background Athiban PP, Borthakur BJ, Ganesan S, Swathika B. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of Aloe vera and its effectiveness in decontaminating gutta percha cones. J Conserv Dent. 2012 Jul;15(3):246-8. doi: 10.4103/0972-0707.97949.
• Background Doddanna SJ, Patel S, Sundarrao MA, Veerabhadrappa RS. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts on Candida albicans: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res. 2013 Jul-Aug;24(4):401-5. doi: 10.4103/0970-9290.118358.
• Background Babaee N, Zabihi E, Mohseni S, Moghadamnia AA. Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of Aloe vera gel on minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2012 Jul;9(4):381-5.
• Background Pradeep AR, Agarwal E, Naik SB. Clinical and microbiologic effects of commercially available dentifrice containing aloe vera: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2012 Jun;83(6):797-804. doi: 10.1902/jop.2011.110371. Epub 2011 Nov 16.
• Background Namiranian H, Serino G. The effect of a toothpaste containing aloe vera on established gingivitis. Swed Dent J. 2012;36(4):179-85.
• Background Chandrahas B, Jayakumar A, Naveen A, Butchibabu K, Reddy PK, Muralikrishna T. A randomized, double-blind clinical study to assess the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of Aloe vera mouth rinse. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2012 Oct;16(4):543-8. doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.106905.
• Background Ashouri Moghaddam A, Radafshar G, Jahandideh Y, Kakaei N. Clinical Evaluation of Effects of Local Application of Aloe vera Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planning in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis. J Dent (Shiraz). 2017 Sep;18(3):165-172.
• Background Nayer Aboelsaad, et al. (2014) Clinical Efficacy of Local Delivered Minocycline in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis Smoker Patients. J Dent Oral Health 1: 1-5
• Background Brad W. Neville DDS, ... Angela C. Chi DMD, in Color Atlas of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, 2019

Drugs

Indications