Veverimer to Decrease Net Acid Excretion and Bone Resorption in Adults With Osteopenia

Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if veverimer will reduce urinary net acid excretion leading to reduced bone resorption in healthy adults with osteopenia. The main questions it aims to answer are: * How much does each dose of veverimer (vs. placebo) reduce 24-hr urinary net acid excretion. * Describe the safety of veverimer based on changes in serum bicarbonate and potassium. * Assess the changes in bone resorption. * Assess the changes in bone formation. * Explore the effect of veverimer on physical performance. Participants will: * Take veverimer or placebo every day or every other day for 8 weeks * Visit the clinic a total of 8 times (including screening) for checkups and testing * Keep a medication diary tracking each day they take the study drug

Timeline

Start

2026-04-15

Primary completion

2028-03-01

Completion

2028-05-01

Publications

• Background Dawson-Hughes B, Castaneda-Sceppa C, Harris SS, Palermo NJ, Cloutier G, Ceglia L, Dallal GE. Impact of supplementation with bicarbonate on lower-extremity muscle performance in older men and women. Osteoporos Int. 2010 Jul;21(7):1171-9. doi: 10.1007/s00198-009-1049-0. Epub 2009 Sep 1.
• Background Bauer DC, Garnero P, Bilezikian JP, Greenspan SL, Ensrud KE, Rosen CJ, Palermo L, Black DM. Short-term changes in bone turnover markers and bone mineral density response to parathyroid hormone in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Apr;91(4):1370-5. doi: 10.1210/jc.2005-1712. Epub 2006 Jan 31.
• Background Chen P, Satterwhite JH, Licata AA, Lewiecki EM, Sipos AA, Misurski DM, Wagman RB. Early changes in biochemical markers of bone formation predict BMD response to teriparatide in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Jun;20(6):962-70. doi: 10.1359/JBMR.050105. Epub 2005 Jan 18.
• Background Niimi R, Kono T, Nishihara A, Hasegawa M, Matsumine A, Nakamura T, Kono T, Sudo A. An algorithm using the early changes in PINP to predict the future BMD response for patients treated with daily teriparatide. Osteoporos Int. 2014 Jan;25(1):377-84. doi: 10.1007/s00198-013-2426-2. Epub 2013 Jun 29.
• Background Kotlarczyk MP, Perera S, Resnick NM, Nace DA, Greenspan SL. Early changes in bone turnover predict longer-term changes in bone mineral density but not trabecular bone score in frail older women. Arch Osteoporos. 2020 May 26;15(1):79. doi: 10.1007/s11657-020-00749-w.
• Background Vasikaran S, Eastell R, Bruyere O, Foldes AJ, Garnero P, Griesmacher A, McClung M, Morris HA, Silverman S, Trenti T, Wahl DA, Cooper C, Kanis JA; IOF-IFCC Bone Marker Standards Working Group. Markers of bone turnover for the prediction of fracture risk and monitoring of osteoporosis treatment: a need for international reference standards. Osteoporos Int. 2011 Feb;22(2):391-420. doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1501-1. Epub 2010 Dec 24.
• Background Jajoo R, Song L, Rasmussen H, Harris SS, Dawson-Hughes B. Dietary acid-base balance, bone resorption, and calcium excretion. J Am Coll Nutr. 2006 Jun;25(3):224-30. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2006.10719536.
• Background JORGENSEN K. Titrimetric determination of the net excretion of acid/base in urine. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1957;9(3):287-91. doi: 10.3109/00365515709079972. No abstract available.
• Background Shea MK, Gilhooly CH, Dawson-Hughes B. Food groups associated with measured net acid excretion in community-dwelling older adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017 Mar;71(3):420-424. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.195. Epub 2016 Oct 19.
• Background Parsell D, Shao J, Guttendorf R, Mathur V, Li E, Wu YS, Tsao L, Tabakman S, Stasiv Y, Lee A, Biyani K, Klaerner G. Assessment of the Potential for Veverimer Drug-Drug Interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2021 Jul;49(7):490-500. doi: 10.1124/dmd.121.000366. Epub 2021 May 24.
• Background Frick KK, Krieger NS, Nehrke K, Bushinsky DA. Metabolic acidosis increases intracellular calcium in bone cells through activation of the proton receptor OGR1. J Bone Miner Res. 2009 Feb;24(2):305-13. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.081015.
• Background Tomura H, Mogi C, Sato K, Okajima F. Proton-sensing and lysolipid-sensitive G-protein-coupled receptors: a novel type of multi-functional receptors. Cell Signal. 2005 Dec;17(12):1466-76. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.06.002.
• Background Ludwig MG, Vanek M, Guerini D, Gasser JA, Jones CE, Junker U, Hofstetter H, Wolf RM, Seuwen K. Proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature. 2003 Sep 4;425(6953):93-8. doi: 10.1038/nature01905.
• Background Arnett TR, Dempster DW. Effect of pH on bone resorption by rat osteoclasts in vitro. Endocrinology. 1986 Jul;119(1):119-24. doi: 10.1210/endo-119-1-119.
• Background Komarova SV, Pereverzev A, Shum JW, Sims SM, Dixon SJ. Convergent signaling by acidosis and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) on the calcium/calcineurin/NFAT pathway in osteoclasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Feb 15;102(7):2643-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0406874102. Epub 2005 Feb 4.
• Background Bushinsky DA, Krieger NS. Effects of acid on bone. Kidney Int. 2022 Jun;101(6):1160-1170. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.032. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
• Background Ceglia L, Shea K, Rasmussen H, Gilhooly CH, Dawson-Hughes B. A Randomized Study on the Effect of Dried Fruit on Acid-Base Balance, Diet Quality, and Markers of Musculoskeletal Health in Community Dwelling Adults. J Am Nutr Assoc. 2023 Jul;42(5):476-483. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2022.2082599. Epub 2022 Jul 11.
• Background Kaesler N, Baid-Agrawal S, Grams S, Nadal J, Schmid M, Schneider MP, Eckardt KU, Floege J, Bergmann MM, Schlieper G, Saritas T. Low adherence to CKD-specific dietary recommendations associates with impaired kidney function, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2021 Sep;75(9):1389-1397. doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-00849-3. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
• Background Remer T, Manz F. Potential renal acid load of foods and its influence on urine pH. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995 Jul;95(7):791-7. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00219-7.
• Background Frassetto L, Morris RC Jr, Sebastian A. Potassium bicarbonate reduces urinary nitrogen excretion in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Jan;82(1):254-9. doi: 10.1210/jcem.82.1.3663.
• Background Frassetto LA, Todd KM, Morris RC Jr, Sebastian A. Estimation of net endogenous noncarbonic acid production in humans from diet potassium and protein contents. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Sep;68(3):576-83. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/68.3.576.
• Background Frassetto L, Morris RC Jr, Sellmeyer DE, Todd K, Sebastian A. Diet, evolution and aging--the pathophysiologic effects of the post-agricultural inversion of the potassium-to-sodium and base-to-chloride ratios in the human diet. Eur J Nutr. 2001 Oct;40(5):200-13. doi: 10.1007/s394-001-8347-4.
• Background Dawson-Hughes B. Acid-base balance of the diet-implications for bone and muscle. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020 Aug;74(Suppl 1):7-13. doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0691-7.
• Background Berkemeyer S, Vormann J, Gunther AL, Rylander R, Frassetto LA, Remer T. Renal net acid excretion capacity is comparable in prepubescence, adolescence, and young adulthood but falls with aging. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Aug;56(8):1442-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01799.x.
• Background Frassetto L, Sebastian A. Age and systemic acid-base equilibrium: analysis of published data. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1996 Jan;51(1):B91-9. doi: 10.1093/gerona/51a.1.b91.
• Background Frassetto LA, Morris RC Jr, Sebastian A. Effect of age on blood acid-base composition in adult humans: role of age-related renal functional decline. Am J Physiol. 1996 Dec;271(6 Pt 2):F1114-22. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1996.271.6.F1114.
• Background Wesson DE, Buysse JM, Bushinsky DA. Mechanisms of Metabolic Acidosis-Induced Kidney Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020 Mar;31(3):469-482. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2019070677. Epub 2020 Jan 27.
• Background Becker DJ, Kilgore ML, Morrisey MA. The societal burden of osteoporosis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2010 Jun;12(3):186-91. doi: 10.1007/s11926-010-0097-y.
• Background Burge R, Dawson-Hughes B, Solomon DH, Wong JB, King A, Tosteson A. Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005-2025. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Mar;22(3):465-75. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.061113.
• Background LeBoff MS, Greenspan SL, Insogna KL, Lewiecki EM, Saag KG, Singer AJ, Siris ES. The clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2022 Oct;33(10):2049-2102. doi: 10.1007/s00198-021-05900-y. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
• Background Sarafrazi N, Wambogo EA, Shepherd JA. Osteoporosis or Low Bone Mass in Older Adults: United States, 2017-2018. NCHS Data Brief. 2021 Mar;(405):1-8.
• Background Kanis JA. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: synopsis of a WHO report. WHO Study Group. Osteoporos Int. 1994 Nov;4(6):368-81. doi: 10.1007/BF01622200.
• Background Cummings SR, Black DM, Nevitt MC, Browner W, Cauley J, Ensrud K, Genant HK, Palermo L, Scott J, Vogt TM. Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Lancet. 1993 Jan 9;341(8837):72-5. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92555-8.
• Background Tangri N, Mathur VS, Bushinsky DA, Klaerner G, Li E, Parsell D, Stasiv Y, Walker M, Wesson DE, Wheeler DC, Perkovic V, Inker LA. VALOR-CKD: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Veverimer in Slowing Progression of CKD in Patients with Metabolic Acidosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2024 Mar 1;35(3):311-320. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000000000292. Epub 2024 Jan 23.
• Background Wesson DE, Mathur V, Tangri N, Stasiv Y, Parsell D, Li E, Klaerner G, Bushinsky DA. Veverimer versus placebo in patients with metabolic acidosis associated with chronic kidney disease: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019 Apr 6;393(10179):1417-1427. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32562-5. Epub 2019 Mar 8.
• Background Wesson DE, Mathur V, Tangri N, Stasiv Y, Parsell D, Li E, Klaerner G, Bushinsky DA. Long-term safety and efficacy of veverimer in patients with metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease: a multicentre, randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled, 40-week extension. Lancet. 2019 Aug 3;394(10196):396-406. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31388-1. Epub 2019 Jun 24.
• Background Bushinsky DA, Hostetter T, Klaerner G, Stasiv Y, Lockey C, McNulty S, Lee A, Parsell D, Mathur V, Li E, Buysse J, Alpern R. Randomized, Controlled Trial of TRC101 to Increase Serum Bicarbonate in Patients with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 Jan 6;13(1):26-35. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07300717. Epub 2017 Nov 4.
• Background Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Palermo NJ, Castaneda-Sceppa C, Rasmussen HM, Dallal GE. Treatment with potassium bicarbonate lowers calcium excretion and bone resorption in older men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jan;94(1):96-102. doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-1662. Epub 2008 Oct 21.
• Background Jehle S, Zanetti A, Muser J, Hulter HN, Krapf R. Partial neutralization of the acidogenic Western diet with potassium citrate increases bone mass in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Nov;17(11):3213-22. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2006030233. Epub 2006 Oct 11.
• Background Jehle S, Hulter HN, Krapf R. Effect of potassium citrate on bone density, microarchitecture, and fracture risk in healthy older adults without osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Jan;98(1):207-17. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-3099. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
• Background Moseley KF, Weaver CM, Appel L, Sebastian A, Sellmeyer DE. Potassium citrate supplementation results in sustained improvement in calcium balance in older men and women. J Bone Miner Res. 2013 Mar;28(3):497-504. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.1764.
• Background Krieger NS, Yao Z, Kyker-Snowman K, Kim MH, Boyce BF, Bushinsky DA. Increased bone density in mice lacking the proton receptor OGR1. Kidney Int. 2016 Mar;89(3):565-73. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2015.12.020. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
• Background Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Palermo NJ, Gilhooly CH, Shea MK, Fielding RA, Ceglia L. Potassium Bicarbonate Supplementation Lowers Bone Turnover and Calcium Excretion in Older Men and Women: A Randomized Dose-Finding Trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2015 Nov;30(11):2103-11. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2554. Epub 2015 Jul 28.

Drugs

Indications

No indication recorded.