Drugs / Aztreonam
last change May 2026 re-read 8 days ago

Aztreonam

Small molecule

Developed for
cystic fibrosis · Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious disease · bronchiectasis · gram-negative bacterial infections · acute pyelonephritis · bacterial infectious disease · respiratory tract infectious disorder · bacterial pneumonia
+14 more · bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome · burkholderia infectious disease · gonorrhea · non-small cell lung carcinoma · nosocomial infection · Pseudomonas infection · skin infection · tracheitis · bacterial urinary tract infection · infectious disease · infectious disease with sepsis · necrotizing soft tissue infection · primary bacterial infectious disease · skin disease caused by bacterial infection
Investigated by
Gilead Sciences · Pfizer · Innovative Medicines Initiative · Karl Landsteiner Insitute for Nephrology and Haemato-Oncology · Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences · Medical University of Cologne
+26 more · Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. · University of Vienna · AbbVie · Allergan · Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority · Chiltern International Inc. · ClinPhone, Inc. · Covance · Duke University · Eastern Virginia Medical School · Jing Zhou · Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust · National Cancer Institute (NCI) · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · QPS Holdings LLC · Qianfoshan Hospital · Salus Pharma, Inc. · Simbec Research · Spero Therapeutics · UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland · University Hospital St. Polten · University of Calgary · University of Liverpool · University of Washington · Virginia Commonwealth University · Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer

Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 9 recorded

MilestoneJurisdictionBrandIndicationDateSentence it was read from
Filed cystic fibrosis 5 milestones
Refused (EMA) EU (EMA) — cystic fibrosis 2009-03-19

“has adopted a negative opinion on the company’s Marketing Authorisation Application (MAA) for aztreonam lysine 75 mg powder and solvent for nebuliser solution” gilead.com ↗

Rejected (CRL) US (FDA) — cystic fibrosis 2008-09-16

“received a complete response letter from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its New Drug Application (NDA) for aztreonam lysine for inhalation” gilead.com ↗

Filed Other — cystic fibrosis 2008-03-21

“Gilead submitted its application for aztreonam lysine in Australia on November 30, 2007 and in Canada on March 21, 2008.” gilead.com ↗

“in Canada on March 21, 2008.” gilead.com ↗

Filed Other — cystic fibrosis 2007-11-30

“Gilead submitted its application for aztreonam lysine in Australia on November 30, 2007” gilead.com ↗

Filed US (FDA) — cystic fibrosis 2007-11-16

“today announced the submission of a New Drug Application (NDA) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for marketing approval of aztreonam lysine” gilead.com ↗

“Gilead submitted its U.S. New Drug Application for aztreonam lysine for inhalation to the FDA on November 16, 2007.” gilead.com ↗

Approved Indication not stated 4 milestones
Approved EU (EMA) Cayston — 2009-09-21 europa.eu ↗
Label expansion US (FDA) AZACTAM IN PLASTIC CONTAINER — 1998-12-24 fda.gov ↗
Label expansion US (FDA) AZACTAM — 1996-11-01 fda.gov ↗
Approved US (FDA) AZACTAM — 1986-12-31 fda.gov ↗

Trials 38

PhaseRegistry idDatesIndicationSponsorStatusOutcome
Phase 15 trials
Phase 1 NCT05777603 Apr 2024 → Jun 2027 expected non-small cell lung carcinoma National Cancer Institute (NCI) Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT04973826 Aug → Sep 2021 — Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT04486625 Aug 2020 → Sep 2021 impaired renal function disease Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT03376529 Nov → Dec 2017 — Spero Therapeutics Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT01689207 Sep 2012 → Dec 2014 opportunistic bacterial infectious disease Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1/21 trial
Phase 1/2 NCT03978091 Jul 2019 → Nov 2020 bacterial infectious disease National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 28 trials
Phase 2 NCT07463339 May 2026 → Apr 2027 expected — University of Calgary Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT06462235 Sep 2024 → Apr 2027 expected gram-negative bacterial infections Pfizer Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT05639647 Apr 2023 → Mar 2027 expected gram-negative bacterial infections Pfizer Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT02730793 Jan 2017 → Sep 2019 cystic fibrosis Virginia Commonwealth University Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 2 NCT02655419 May 2016 → Oct 2017 — Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT01375049 Aug 2011 → May 2013 cystic fibrosis Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00805025 Dec 2008 → Oct 2009 bronchiectasis Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT01055847 Jun 2003 → Aug 2004 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious disease, cystic fibrosis, respiratory tract infectious disorder Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/33 trials
Phase 2/3 NCT07113574 Aug 2021 → Jul 2022 chronic renal failure syndrome, infectious peritonitis Karl Landsteiner Insitute for Nephrology and Haemato-Oncology Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT03867734 Apr → Sep 2019 gonorrhea University of Washington Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT07113587 Apr 2014 → Jul 2017 infectious peritonitis Karl Landsteiner Insitute for Nephrology and Haemato-Oncology Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 314 trials · 5 met primary · 3 missed
Phase 3 NCT05905055 Sep 2023 → Sep 2025 acute pyelonephritis, bacterial pneumonia Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT05887908 May 2023 → Nov 2024 acute pyelonephritis Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. Completed Met primary
Phase 3 NCT03580044 Dec 2020 → Jan 2023 bacterial infectious disease Pfizer Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 3 NCT03329092 Apr 2018 → Feb 2023 nosocomial infection Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT01404234 Dec 2011 → Apr 2013 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious disease, cystic fibrosis Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT01314716 Apr 2011 → Apr 2013 bronchiectasis Gilead Sciences Completed Met primary
Phase 3 NCT01313624 Apr 2011 → Mar 2013 bronchiectasis Gilead Sciences Completed Missed primary
Phase 3 NCT01059565 Feb 2010 → Sep 2011 burkholderia infectious disease, cystic fibrosis Gilead Sciences Completed Missed primary
Phase 3 NCT00757237 Aug 2008 → May 2010 cystic fibrosis Gilead Sciences Completed Met primary
Phase 3 NCT00712166 May 2008 → Jun 2009 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious disease, cystic fibrosis, respiratory tract infectious disorder Gilead Sciences Completed Missed primary
Phase 44 trials · 1 met primary · 1 missed
Phase 4 NCT07478484 Mar 2026 → Dec 2027 expected gram-negative bacterial infections Jing Zhou Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT03158116 Jul 2017 → Feb 2020 tracheitis UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT02894684 Jan 2017 → Feb 2019 Pseudomonas infection, cystic fibrosis Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Completed Met primary
Phase 4 NCT01469364 Mar 2013 → Mar 2015 bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome Duke University Completed Missed primary
Phase not applicable1 trial
— NCT05850871 Jan 2023 → Jan 2025 — Qianfoshan Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase not stated2 trials
— NCT00499720 — Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious disease, cystic fibrosis Gilead Sciences Approved for marketing No outcome recorded
— NCT00989807 — Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious disease, cystic fibrosis Gilead Sciences Approved for marketing No outcome recorded
Comparator or background therapy23 trials
Phase 0 NCT02099240 Comparator Mar 2014 → Nov 2018 osteomyelitis University of Louisville Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 2 NCT02168816 Comparator Mar 2014 → Feb 2017 osteomyelitis Loyola University Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 2 NCT00794586 Comparator Nov 2008 → Feb 2010 cystic fibrosis Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00633152 Comparator Feb → Jul 2008 bacterial infectious disease Forest Laboratories Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00303589 Comparator Dec 2005 → Oct 2007 — Hoffmann-La Roche Completed No outcome recorded

News releases announcing trial results or a regulatory action · 21

DateIssuerRelease
2025-04-25 AbbVie Regulatory AbbVie Reports First-Quarter 2025 Financial Results abbvie.com ↗
AbbVie announced that the FDA approved Emblaveo (aztreonam and avibactam), as the first monobactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination antibiotic therapy to treat complicated intra-abdominal infections, including those caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
2025-02-07 AbbVie Regulatory U.S. FDA Approves EMBLAVEO™ (aztreonam and avibactam) for the Treatment of Adults With Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections With Limited or No Treatment Options abbvie.com ↗
AbbVie (NYSE: ABBV) today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved EMBLAVEO™ (aztreonam and avibactam), as the first and only fixed-dose, intravenous, monobactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination antibiotic.
2024-04-22 Pfizer Regulatory European Commission Approves Pfizer’s EMBLAVEO® for Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Infections and Limited Treatment Options pfizer.com ↗
Pfizer Inc . (NYSE: PFE) today announced that the European Commission (EC) has granted marketing authorization for EMBLAVEO ® (aztreonam-avibactam) for the treatment of adult patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI), including pyelonephritis.
2023-06-01 Pfizer Results Phase 3 Studies of Pfizer’s Novel Antibiotic Combination Offer New Treatment Hope for Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Infections and Limited Treatment Options pfizer.com ↗
Data support that ATM-AVI is effective and well-tolerated, with no new safety findings and a similar safety profile to aztreonam alone.
2019-11-11 AbbVie Regulatory Allergan Receives FDA Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) Designation And Fast Track Designation For ATM-AVI (Aztreonam And Avibactam) For Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections abbvie.com ↗
Allergan plc (NYSE: AGN) today announced the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) has granted Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) Designation and Fast Track Designation for ATM-AVI (aztreonam and avibactam)
2010-10-21 Gilead Sciences Results Gilead's Cayston(R) Superior to Tobramycin Inhalation Solution in Six-Month Head-to-Head Cystic Fibrosis Study gilead.com ↗
Patients receiving Cayston had an adjusted mean actual increase in FEV 1 percent predicted from baseline over six months of 2.05 percent compared to a 0.66 percent decrease for patients receiving TIS.
2010-06-18 Gilead Sciences Results Gilead's Head-to-Head Study of Cayston(R) Versus Tobramycin Inhalation Solution in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Achieves Co-Primary Efficacy Endpoint of Non-Inferiority gilead.com ↗
Patients receiving Cayston had a mean increase in FEV1 percent predicted from baseline to Day 28 of 8.35 percent compared to 0.55 percent for patients receiving TIS, which meets the statistical definition of superiority.
2010-02-22 Gilead Sciences Regulatory U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approves Cayston(R) (Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution) for the Improvement of Respiratory Symptoms in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa gilead.com ↗
Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Nasdaq:GILD) today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted marketing approval for Cayston(R)(aztreonam for inhalation solution) as a treatment to improve respiratory symptoms in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa).
2009-12-10 Gilead Sciences Regulatory FDA Advisory Committee Supports Use of Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution for Patients With Cystic Fibrosis gilead.com ↗
2009-09-23 Gilead Sciences Regulatory European Commission Grants Conditional Marketing Authorization to Cayston(R) (Aztreonam Lysine) for the Treatment of Chronic Pulmonary Infections Due to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis gilead.com ↗
2009-06-26 Gilead Sciences Regulatory European CHMP Adopts Positive Opinion for Aztreonam Lysine gilead.com ↗
The opinion is for conditional approval, contingent on the successful completion of an ongoing study.
2009-03-19 Gilead Sciences Regulatory European CHMP Adopts Negative Opinion on Aztreonam Lysine gilead.com ↗

All press releases naming this drug 23 releases

DateIssuerRelease

Evidence & citations 10 cited values

Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 64 sources stand behind the page.

FieldValueCited text
Known as Aztreonam “Open-Label Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Safety of Aztreonam 75 mg Powder and Solvent for Nebuliser Solution/Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution (AZLI) in Children With Cystic...” NCT01404234 ↗
59

“This therapy is usually one of the following intravenous medications: (i) piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn), (ii) cefepime, (iii) metronidazole, (iv) aztreonam, (v) vancomycin,...” NCT02168816 ↗

“The study medicine is a combination of an antibiotic, aztreonam (ATM), and another medicine, avibactam (AVI), which is used to help stop bacteria from being resistant to antibiotics.” NCT06462235 ↗

“We aimed to assess safety and efficacy of aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI) in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and Gram-negative bacterial colonisation.” PMID 25154045 ↗ Aug 2014

“daptomycin at a dose of 6 to 10 mg per kilogram of body weight intravenously every 24 hours plus optional aztreonam (at the discretion of the trial-site investigators).” PMID 37754204 ↗ Sep 2023

“AZLI, an investigational formulation of the antibiotic aztreonam and administered three times a day using the PARI eFlow® electronic nebulizer” NCT00712166 ↗

“investigational monobactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination aztreonam/avibactam in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI)” PMID 31828337 ↗ Mar 2020

“An aztreonam/avibactam 500/137 mg 30-min loading dose and 1500/410 mg 3-h maintenance infusions q6h were selected for further evaluation.” PMID 38252170 ↗ Jan 2024

“AZLI, an investigational formulation of the antibiotic aztreonam and administered TID using the PARI eFlow® electronic nebulizer” NCT00112359 ↗

“morinidazole and sodium chloride injection (500 mg intravenous, twice daily for 5-7 days) with aztreonam and (or) etimicin.” NCT03380793 ↗

“AZLI, an investigational formulation of the antibiotic aztreonam, is safe in repeated courses in patients with CF and PA.” NCT00128492 ↗

Show 49 more sources

Known as ATM “The study medicine is a combination of an antibiotic, aztreonam (ATM), and another medicine, avibactam (AVI), which is used to help stop bacteria from being resistant to antibiotics.” NCT06462235 ↗
2

“Aztreonam (ATM)” NCT01689207 ↗

“aztreonam (ATM)” NCT05850871 ↗

Known as AZACTAM ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT03978091 ↗
Known as AZLI “This was an open-label, multicenter study in children ≤ 12 years of age with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection in the lower airways using...” NCT01404234 ↗
14

“This program is to provide expanded access to aztreonam lysine for inhalation (AZLI) prior to its commercial availability to patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic P....” NCT00989807 ↗

“BACKGROUND: We assessed the short-term efficacy and safety of aztreonam lysine for inhalation (AZLI [an aerosolized monobactam antibiotic]) in patients with cystic fibrosis...” PMID 19420195 ↗ May 2009

“We aimed to assess safety and efficacy of aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI) in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and Gram-negative bacterial colonisation.” PMID 25154045 ↗ Aug 2014

“The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether AZLI, an investigational formulation of the antibiotic aztreonam, is safe in repeated courses in patients with CF and PA.” NCT00128492 ↗

“Aztreonam 75 mg Powder and Solvent for Nebuliser Solution/Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution (AZLI) in Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis” NCT01375049 ↗

“Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution (AZLI) 75 mg 3 times daily combined with diluent administered using an eFlow nebulizer” NCT01641822 ↗

“Aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI; 75 mg aztreonam/52.5 mg lysine monohydrate) was administered three times a day” NCT01059565 ↗

“Aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI) in patients with cystic fibrosis, mild lung impairment, and P. aeruginosa.” PMID 21441078 ↗ Mar 2011

“The delivery profile of Aztreonam lysine (AZLI) during mechanical ventilation (MV) is unknown.” PMID 29041861 ↗ Oct 2017

“75 mg aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI), administered 3 times daily” NCT00805025 ↗

Show 4 more sources

Known as Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution “We aimed to assess safety and efficacy of aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI) in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and Gram-negative bacterial colonisation.” PMID 25154045 ↗ Aug 2014
1

“Aztreonam 75 mg Powder and Solvent for Nebuliser Solution/Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution (AZLI) in Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis” NCT01375049 ↗

Known as aztreonam lysine “This program is to provide expanded access to aztreonam lysine for inhalation (AZLI) prior to its commercial availability to patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic P....” NCT00989807 ↗
2

“BACKGROUND: We assessed the short-term efficacy and safety of aztreonam lysine for inhalation (AZLI [an aerosolized monobactam antibiotic]) in patients with cystic fibrosis...” PMID 19420195 ↗ May 2009

“Aztreonam Lysine for Inhalation (AZLI)” NCT01469364 ↗

Known as Aztreonam Lysine For Inhalation “A Double-Blind, Multicenter, Multinational, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Aztreonam Lysine For Inhalation in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis, Mild Lung Disease,...” NCT00712166 ↗
Known as Cayston “Antibiotics currently on the market as inhaled antibiotics include tobramycin (TOBI), polymyxin E (Colistin), and aztreonam (Cayston).” NCT03158116 ↗
Modality Small molecule “AZLI, marketed as Cayston, is an inhaled beta-lactam antibiotic.” NCT02894684 ↗
Route Inhaled “inhaled aztreonam lysine” PMID 18658109 ↗ Jul 2008