Drugs / Aztreonam
last change May 2026 re-read 2 minutes ago

Aztreonam

Small molecule

Developed for
cystic fibrosis · Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious disease · bronchiectasis · gram-negative bacterial infections · acute pyelonephritis · bacterial infectious disease · respiratory tract infectious disorder · bacterial pneumonia
+14 more · bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome · burkholderia infectious disease · gonorrhea · non-small cell lung carcinoma · nosocomial infection · Pseudomonas infection · skin infection · tracheitis · bacterial urinary tract infection · infectious disease · infectious disease with sepsis · necrotizing soft tissue infection · primary bacterial infectious disease · skin disease caused by bacterial infection
Investigated by
Gilead Sciences · Pfizer · Innovative Medicines Initiative · Karl Landsteiner Insitute for Nephrology and Haemato-Oncology · Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences · Medical University of Cologne
+26 more · Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. · University of Vienna · AbbVie · Allergan · Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority · Chiltern International Inc. · ClinPhone, Inc. · Covance · Duke University · Eastern Virginia Medical School · Jing Zhou · Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust · National Cancer Institute (NCI) · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · QPS Holdings LLC · Qianfoshan Hospital · Salus Pharma, Inc. · Simbec Research · Spero Therapeutics · UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland · University Hospital St. Polten · University of Calgary · University of Liverpool · University of Washington · Virginia Commonwealth University · Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer

Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 4 recorded

MilestoneJurisdictionBrandIndicationDateSentence it was read from
Approved EU (EMA) Cayston 2009-09-21 europa.eu
Label expansion US (FDA) AZACTAM IN PLASTIC CONTAINER 1998-12-24 fda.gov
Label expansion US (FDA) AZACTAM 1996-11-01 fda.gov
Approved US (FDA) AZACTAM 1986-12-31 fda.gov

Trials 38 · a red edge is where a trial was stopped

PhaseRegistry idDatesIndicationSponsorStatusOutcome
Phase 15 trials
Phase 1 NCT05777603 Apr 2024 → Jun 2027 expected non-small cell lung carcinoma National Cancer Institute (NCI) Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT04973826 Aug → Sep 2021 Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT04486625 Aug 2020 → Sep 2021 impaired renal function disease Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT03376529 Nov → Dec 2017 Spero Therapeutics Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT01689207 Sep 2012 → Dec 2014 opportunistic bacterial infectious disease Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1/21 trial
Phase 1/2 NCT03978091 Jul 2019 → Nov 2020 bacterial infectious disease National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 28 trials
Phase 2 NCT07463339 May 2026 → Apr 2027 expected University of Calgary Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT06462235 Sep 2024 → Apr 2027 expected gram-negative bacterial infections Pfizer Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT05639647 Apr 2023 → Mar 2027 expected gram-negative bacterial infections Pfizer Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT02730793 Jan 2017 → Sep 2019 cystic fibrosis Virginia Commonwealth University Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT02655419 May 2016 → Oct 2017 Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT01375049 Aug 2011 → May 2013 cystic fibrosis Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00805025 Dec 2008 → Oct 2009 bronchiectasis Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT01055847 Jun 2003 → Aug 2004 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious disease, cystic fibrosis, respiratory tract infectious disorder Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/33 trials
Phase 2/3 NCT07113574 Aug 2021 → Jul 2022 chronic renal failure syndrome, infectious peritonitis Karl Landsteiner Insitute for Nephrology and Haemato-Oncology Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT03867734 Apr → Sep 2019 gonorrhea University of Washington Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT07113587 Apr 2014 → Jul 2017 infectious peritonitis Karl Landsteiner Insitute for Nephrology and Haemato-Oncology Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 314 trials
Phase 3 NCT05905055 Sep 2023 → Sep 2025 acute pyelonephritis, bacterial pneumonia Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT05887908 May 2023 → Nov 2024 acute pyelonephritis Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT03580044 Dec 2020 → Jan 2023 bacterial infectious disease Pfizer Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT03329092 Apr 2018 → Feb 2023 nosocomial infection Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT01404234 Dec 2011 → Apr 2013 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious disease, cystic fibrosis Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT01314716 Apr 2011 → Apr 2013 bronchiectasis Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT01313624 Apr 2011 → Mar 2013 bronchiectasis Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT01059565 Feb 2010 → Sep 2011 burkholderia infectious disease, cystic fibrosis Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00757237 Aug 2008 → May 2010 cystic fibrosis Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00712166 May 2008 → Jun 2009 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious disease, cystic fibrosis, respiratory tract infectious disorder Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 44 trials
Phase 4 NCT07478484 Mar 2026 → Dec 2027 expected gram-negative bacterial infections Jing Zhou Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT03158116 Jul 2017 → Feb 2020 tracheitis UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT02894684 Jan 2017 → Feb 2019 Pseudomonas infection, cystic fibrosis Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT01469364 Mar 2013 → Mar 2015 bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome Duke University Completed No outcome recorded
Phase not applicable1 trial
NCT05850871 Jan 2023 → Jan 2025 Qianfoshan Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase not stated2 trials
NCT00989807 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious disease, cystic fibrosis Gilead Sciences Approved for marketing No outcome recorded
NCT00499720 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious disease, cystic fibrosis Gilead Sciences Approved for marketing No outcome recorded
Also used as a comparator or background therapy in 23 trials
PhaseRegistry idDatesIndicationSponsorStatusOutcome
Phase 01 trial
Phase 0 NCT02099240 Comparator Mar 2014 → Nov 2018 osteomyelitis University of Louisville Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 24 trials
Phase 2 NCT02168816 Comparator Mar 2014 → Feb 2017 osteomyelitis Loyola University Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00794586 Comparator Nov 2008 → Feb 2010 cystic fibrosis Gilead Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00633152 Comparator Feb → Jul 2008 bacterial infectious disease Forest Laboratories Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00303589 Comparator Dec 2005 → Oct 2007 Hoffmann-La Roche Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/32 trials
Phase 2/3 NCT03749226 Comparator Mar → Sep 2019 respiratory tract infectious disorder Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona. Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT01400867 Comparator Dec 2011 → May 2014 primary bacterial infectious disease Forest Laboratories Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 311 trials
Phase 3 NCT03138733 Comparator Aug 2018 → Mar 2022 staphylococcus aureus infection Basilea Pharmaceutica Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT03137173 Comparator Feb 2018 → Apr 2019 Basilea Pharmaceutica Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT02795949 Comparator Oct 2016 → Jan 2020 bacterial infectious disease Andalusian Public Foundation for Health Research in Seville Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT02276482 Background Mar 2015 → Sep 2018 skin disease caused by bacterial infection, skin infection Merck & Co., Inc. Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT02202135 Comparator Jun 2014 → Jan 2015 Pfizer Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 45 trials
Phase 4 NCT07236944 Comparator Dec 2025 → Mar 2029 expected bacterial urinary tract infection Uppsala University Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT07004049 Comparator Apr 2025 → Dec 2028 expected bacterial pneumonia, infectious disease with sepsis National University of Singapore Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT03380793 Background Sep 2016 → Oct 2018 appendicitis Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT01951768 Comparator Sep 2013 → Jun 2016 ulcer of lower limbs University Hospital, Geneva Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT01659866 Comparator Aug 2012 → Aug 2015 infectious disease Northwestern University Completed No outcome recorded

Press releases naming this drug 20 releases

DateIssuerRelease
2025-02-07 AbbVie U.S. FDA Approves EMBLAVEO™ (aztreonam and avibactam) for the Treatment of Adults With Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections With Limited or No Treatment Options abbvie.com
2019-11-11 AbbVie Allergan Receives FDA Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) Designation And Fast Track Designation For ATM-AVI (Aztreonam And Avibactam) For Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections abbvie.com
2010-10-21 Gilead Sciences Gilead's Cayston(R) Superior to Tobramycin Inhalation Solution in Six-Month Head-to-Head Cystic Fibrosis Study gilead.com
2010-06-18 Gilead Sciences Gilead's Head-to-Head Study of Cayston(R) Versus Tobramycin Inhalation Solution in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Achieves Co-Primary Efficacy Endpoint of Non-Inferiority gilead.com
2010-02-22 Gilead Sciences U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approves Cayston(R) (Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution) for the Improvement of Respiratory Symptoms in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa gilead.com
2009-12-10 Gilead Sciences FDA Advisory Committee Supports Use of Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution for Patients With Cystic Fibrosis gilead.com
2009-10-26 Gilead Sciences Gilead's Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution to be Reviewed by FDA Anti-Infective Drugs Advisory Committee on December 10, 2009 gilead.com
2009-09-23 Gilead Sciences European Commission Grants Conditional Marketing Authorization to Cayston(R) (Aztreonam Lysine) for the Treatment of Chronic Pulmonary Infections Due to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis gilead.com
2009-06-26 Gilead Sciences European CHMP Adopts Positive Opinion for Aztreonam Lysine gilead.com
2009-03-19 Gilead Sciences European CHMP Adopts Negative Opinion on Aztreonam Lysine gilead.com
2009-02-18 Gilead Sciences Gilead Receives Response From U.S. FDA on Company's Request for Formal Dispute Resolution for Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution gilead.com
2008-09-16 Gilead Sciences Gilead Receives Complete Response Letter from U.S. Food and Drug Administration for Aztreonam Lysine for Inhalation, an Investigational Treatment for Cystic Fibrosis gilead.com

Evidence & citations 10 cited values

Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 64 sources stand behind the page.

FieldValueCited text
Known as aztreonam “Open-Label Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Safety of Aztreonam 75 mg Powder and Solvent for Nebuliser Solution/Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution (AZLI) in Children With Cystic...” NCT01404234
59

“This therapy is usually one of the following intravenous medications: (i) piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn), (ii) cefepime, (iii) metronidazole, (iv) aztreonam, (v) vancomycin,...” NCT02168816

“The study medicine is a combination of an antibiotic, aztreonam (ATM), and another medicine, avibactam (AVI), which is used to help stop bacteria from being resistant to antibiotics.” NCT06462235

“We aimed to assess safety and efficacy of aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI) in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and Gram-negative bacterial colonisation.” PMID 25154045 Aug 2014

“investigational monobactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination aztreonam/avibactam in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI)” PMID 31828337 Mar 2020

“AZLI, an investigational formulation of the antibiotic aztreonam and administered three times a day using the PARI eFlow® electronic nebulizer” NCT00712166

“An aztreonam/avibactam 500/137 mg 30-min loading dose and 1500/410 mg 3-h maintenance infusions q6h were selected for further evaluation.” PMID 38252170 Jan 2024

“AZLI, an investigational formulation of the antibiotic aztreonam and administered TID using the PARI eFlow® electronic nebulizer” NCT00112359

“morinidazole and sodium chloride injection (500 mg intravenous, twice daily for 5-7 days) with aztreonam and (or) etimicin.” NCT03380793

“AZLI, an investigational formulation of the antibiotic aztreonam, is safe in repeated courses in patients with CF and PA.” NCT00128492

Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution (AZLI) 75 mg 3 times daily combined with diluent administered using an eFlow nebulizer” NCT01641822

Aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI; 75 mg aztreonam/52.5 mg lysine monohydrate) was administered three times a day” NCT01059565

“Daptomycin 6 mg/kg (up to 10 mg/kg based on institutional standards) as a 0.5 h infusion, with or without aztreonamNCT03138733

“Inhaled aztreonam lysine for chronic airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis.” PMID 18658109 Jul 2008

Aztreonam-avibactam, a fixed-ratio (3:1) β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination” PMID 40530972 Jun 2025

“PRP (nafcillin or flucloxacillin) or vancomycin, plus aztreonam or ciprofloxacin” NCT00303589

“75 mg aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI), administered 3 times daily” NCT00805025

“following 28 days of inhaled AZLI (Aztreonam Lysine for Inhalation)” NCT00794586

“inhaled tobramycin will be changed to inhaled aztreonamNCT07463339

“4) monobactams; aztreonam, 5) aminoglycosides” NCT07236944

Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution (AZLI)” NCT01313624

Aztreonam IV 1 g or 2 g q.12h or q.8h” NCT01951768

aztreonam plus avibactam” NCT05639647

Aztreonam 1-2 g IV/8h” NCT02795949

Aztreonam*” NCT02099240

NCT05905055

NCT01400867

NCT07113574

NCT04973826

NCT02730793

NCT07478484

NCT03158116

NCT01811732

NCT04486625

NCT02202135

NCT02276482

NCT00757237

NCT03749226

NCT01689207

NCT01469364

NCT05777603

NCT00424190

NCT07113587

NCT03137173

NCT05850871

NCT01375049

NCT01499277

NCT00633152

NCT02894684

NCT01984684

NCT03376529

NCT07004049

NCT01659866

NCT00228410

NCT03867734

NCT01055847

NCT00423657

NCT05887908

NCT00989807

NCT00499720

Known as ATM “The study medicine is a combination of an antibiotic, aztreonam (ATM), and another medicine, avibactam (AVI), which is used to help stop bacteria from being resistant to antibiotics.” NCT06462235
2

“aztreonam (ATM)” NCT05850871

“Aztreonam (ATM)” NCT01689207

Known as AZACTAM ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT03978091
Known as AZLI “This was an open-label, multicenter study in children ≤ 12 years of age with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection in the lower airways using...” NCT01404234
14

“This program is to provide expanded access to aztreonam lysine for inhalation (AZLI) prior to its commercial availability to patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic P....” NCT00989807

“BACKGROUND: We assessed the short-term efficacy and safety of aztreonam lysine for inhalation (AZLI [an aerosolized monobactam antibiotic]) in patients with cystic fibrosis...” PMID 19420195 May 2009

“We aimed to assess safety and efficacy of aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI) in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and Gram-negative bacterial colonisation.” PMID 25154045 Aug 2014

“The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether AZLI, an investigational formulation of the antibiotic aztreonam, is safe in repeated courses in patients with CF and PA.” NCT00128492

“Aztreonam 75 mg Powder and Solvent for Nebuliser Solution/Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution (AZLI) in Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis” NCT01375049

“Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution (AZLI) 75 mg 3 times daily combined with diluent administered using an eFlow nebulizer” NCT01641822

“Aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI; 75 mg aztreonam/52.5 mg lysine monohydrate) was administered three times a day” NCT01059565

“Aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI) in patients with cystic fibrosis, mild lung impairment, and P. aeruginosa.” PMID 21441078 Mar 2011

“The delivery profile of Aztreonam lysine (AZLI) during mechanical ventilation (MV) is unknown.” PMID 29041861 Oct 2017

“75 mg aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI), administered 3 times daily” NCT00805025

“following 28 days of inhaled AZLI (Aztreonam Lysine for Inhalation)” NCT00794586

“using inhaled Aztreonam (AZLI) in pediatric patients” NCT03158116

“Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution (AZLI)” NCT01313624

“Aztreonam Lysine for Inhalation (AZLI)” NCT01469364

Known as Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution “We aimed to assess safety and efficacy of aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI) in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and Gram-negative bacterial colonisation.” PMID 25154045 Aug 2014
1

“Aztreonam 75 mg Powder and Solvent for Nebuliser Solution/Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution (AZLI) in Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis” NCT01375049

Known as Aztreonam lysine “This program is to provide expanded access to aztreonam lysine for inhalation (AZLI) prior to its commercial availability to patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic P....” NCT00989807
2

“BACKGROUND: We assessed the short-term efficacy and safety of aztreonam lysine for inhalation (AZLI [an aerosolized monobactam antibiotic]) in patients with cystic fibrosis...” PMID 19420195 May 2009

Aztreonam Lysine for Inhalation (AZLI)” NCT01469364

Known as Aztreonam Lysine For Inhalation “A Double-Blind, Multicenter, Multinational, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Aztreonam Lysine For Inhalation in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis, Mild Lung Disease,...” NCT00712166
Known as Cayston “Antibiotics currently on the market as inhaled antibiotics include tobramycin (TOBI), polymyxin E (Colistin), and aztreonam (Cayston).” NCT03158116
Modality Small molecule “AZLI, marketed as Cayston, is an inhaled beta-lactam antibiotic.” NCT02894684
Route Inhaled inhaled aztreonam lysine” PMID 18658109 Jul 2008