Nebulized Aztreonam for Prevention of Gram Negative Ventilator-associated Pneumonia

Summary

Aerosol antibiotic administration offers the theoretical advantages of achieving high drug concentration at the infection site and low systemic absorption, thereby avoiding toxicity. Antibiotic aerosolization has good results in patients with cystic fibrosis, but data are scarce for patients under mechanical ventilation. Prospective, randomized 1:1, open-label study to assess the microbiological cure and pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and efficacy of nebulized Aztreonam lysine (75 mg dose) each 8 hr during 5 days in ventilated patients heavily colonized by Gram-negative bacteria. It is planned to include a total of 20 ventilated patients heavily colonized. Only ten of them (active group) will receive 5 days of treatment with nebulized AZLI.The control group will not receive treatment.

Timeline

Start

2019-03-19

Primary completion

2019-09-04

Completion

2019-12-31

Publications

• Background Klompas M. Ventilator-associated events surveillance: a patient safety opportunity. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2013 Oct;19(5):424-31. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e3283636bc9.
• Background File TM Jr. New diagnostic tests for pneumonia: what is their role in clinical practice? Clin Chest Med. 2011 Sep;32(3):417-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2011.05.011. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
• Background Niederman MS. Respiratory tract infections: advances in diagnosis, management and prevention. Clin Chest Med. 2011 Sep;32(3):xiii-xiv. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2011.07.001. No abstract available.
• Background Craven DE. Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT): questions, answers, and a new paradigm? Crit Care. 2008;12(3):157. doi: 10.1186/cc6912. Epub 2008 Jun 18.
• Background Craven DE, Chroneou A, Zias N, Hjalmarson KI. Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis: the impact of targeted antibiotic therapy on patient outcomes. Chest. 2009 Feb;135(2):521-528. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-1617. Epub 2008 Sep 23.
• Background Nseir S, Ader F, Marquette CH. Nosocomial tracheobronchitis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2009 Apr;22(2):148-53. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283229fdb.
• Background Chastre J, Fagon JY. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Apr 1;165(7):867-903. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.165.7.2105078.
• Background Nseir S, Di Pompeo C, Pronnier P, Beague S, Onimus T, Saulnier F, Grandbastien B, Mathieu D, Delvallez-Roussel M, Durocher A. Nosocomial tracheobronchitis in mechanically ventilated patients: incidence, aetiology and outcome. Eur Respir J. 2002 Dec;20(6):1483-9. doi: 10.1183/09031936.02.00012902.
• Background American Thoracic Society; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Feb 15;171(4):388-416. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200405-644ST. No abstract available.
• Background Kollef MH, Hamilton CW, Montgomery AB. Aerosolized antibiotics: do they add to the treatment of pneumonia? Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2013 Dec;26(6):538-44. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000004.
• Background Venier AG, Leroyer C, Slekovec C, Talon D, Bertrand X, Parer S, Alfandari S, Guerin JM, Megarbane B, Lawrence C, Clair B, Lepape A, Perraud M, Cassier P, Trivier D, Boyer A, Dubois V, Asselineau J, Rogues AM, Thiebaut R; DYNAPYO study group. Risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisition in intensive care units: a prospective multicentre study. J Hosp Infect. 2014 Oct;88(2):103-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.06.018. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
• Background Drakulovic MB, Bauer TT, Torres A, Gonzalez J, Rodriguez MJ, Angrill J. Initial bacterial colonization in patients admitted to a respiratory intensive care unit: bacteriological pattern and risk factors. Respiration. 2001;68(1):58-66. doi: 10.1159/000050464.
• Background Azim A, Dwivedi M, Rao PB, Baronia AK, Singh RK, Prasad KN, Poddar B, Mishra A, Gurjar M, Dhole TN. Epidemiology of bacterial colonization at intensive care unit admission with emphasis on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria--an Indian experience. J Med Microbiol. 2010 Aug;59(Pt 8):955-960. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.018085-0. Epub 2010 Apr 22.
• Background Horianopoulou M, Legakis NJ, Kanellopoulou M, Lambropoulos S, Tsakris A, Falagas ME. Frequency and predictors of colonization of the respiratory tract by VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients of a newly established intensive care unit. J Med Microbiol. 2006 Oct;55(Pt 10):1435-1439. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.46713-0.
• Background Ramsey BW, Pepe MS, Quan JM, Otto KL, Montgomery AB, Williams-Warren J, Vasiljev-K M, Borowitz D, Bowman CM, Marshall BC, Marshall S, Smith AL. Intermittent administration of inhaled tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis. Cystic Fibrosis Inhaled Tobramycin Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jan 7;340(1):23-30. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199901073400104.
• Background Assael BM, Pressler T, Bilton D, Fayon M, Fischer R, Chiron R, LaRosa M, Knoop C, McElvaney N, Lewis SA, Bresnik M, Montgomery AB, Oermann CM; AZLI Active Comparator Study Group. Inhaled aztreonam lysine vs. inhaled tobramycin in cystic fibrosis: a comparative efficacy trial. J Cyst Fibros. 2013 Mar;12(2):130-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2012.07.006. Epub 2012 Sep 15.
• Background Coates AL, Green M, Leung K, Chan J, Ribeiro N, Louca E, Ratjen F, Charron M, Tservistas M, Keller M. Rapid pulmonary delivery of inhaled tobramycin for Pseudomonas infection in cystic fibrosis: a pilot project. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008 Aug;43(8):753-9. doi: 10.1002/ppul.20850.
• Background Gibson RL, Retsch-Bogart GZ, Oermann C, Milla C, Pilewski J, Daines C, Ahrens R, Leon K, Cohen M, McNamara S, Callahan TL, Markus R, Burns JL. Microbiology, safety, and pharmacokinetics of aztreonam lysinate for inhalation in patients with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006 Jul;41(7):656-65. doi: 10.1002/ppul.20429.
• Background Poulakou G, Siakallis G, Tsiodras S, Arfaras-Melainis A, Dimopoulos G. Nebulized antibiotics in mechanically ventilated patients: roadmap and challenges. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2017 Mar;15(3):211-229. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1268052. Epub 2017 Jan 2.
• Background Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, Muscedere J, Sweeney DA, Palmer LB, Napolitano LM, O'Grady NP, Bartlett JG, Carratala J, El Solh AA, Ewig S, Fey PD, File TM Jr, Restrepo MI, Roberts JA, Waterer GW, Cruse P, Knight SL, Brozek JL. Management of Adults With Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 1;63(5):e61-e111. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw353. Epub 2016 Jul 14.
• Background Palmer LB. Ventilator-associated infection: the role for inhaled antibiotics. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2015 May;21(3):239-49. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000160.
• Background Rodriguez A, Barcenilla F. Nebulized antibiotics. An adequate option for treating ventilator-associated respiratory infection? Med Intensiva. 2015 Mar;39(2):97-100. doi: 10.1016/j.medin.2014.10.006. Epub 2015 Feb 2. English, Spanish.
• Background Dugernier J, Wittebole X, Roeseler J, Michotte JB, Sottiaux T, Dugernier T, Laterre PF, Reychler G. Influence of inspiratory flow pattern and nebulizer position on aerosol delivery with a vibrating-mesh nebulizer during invasive mechanical ventilation: an in vitro analysis. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2015 Jun;28(3):229-36. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2014.1131. Epub 2014 Nov 13.
• Background Oermann CM, McCoy KS, Retsch-Bogart GZ, Gibson RL, McKevitt M, Montgomery AB. Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic susceptibility during long-term use of aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Oct;66(10):2398-404. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr303. Epub 2011 Jul 22.
• Background McCoy KS, Quittner AL, Oermann CM, Gibson RL, Retsch-Bogart GZ, Montgomery AB. Inhaled aztreonam lysine for chronic airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Nov 1;178(9):921-8. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200712-1804OC. Epub 2008 Jul 24.
• Results Martin-Loeches I, Povoa P, Rodriguez A, Curcio D, Suarez D, Mira JP, Cordero ML, Lepecq R, Girault C, Candeias C, Seguin P, Paulino C, Messika J, Castro AG, Valles J, Coelho L, Rabello L, Lisboa T, Collins D, Torres A, Salluh J, Nseir S; TAVeM study. Incidence and prognosis of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (TAVeM): a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2015 Nov;3(11):859-68. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00326-4. Epub 2015 Oct 22.
• Results Nseir S, Povoa P, Salluh J, Rodriguez A, Martin-Loeches I. Is there a continuum between ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis and ventilator-associated pneumonia? Intensive Care Med. 2016 Jul;42(7):1190-2. doi: 10.1007/s00134-016-4283-x. Epub 2016 Apr 14. No abstract available.
• Results Boukhettala N, Poree T, Diot P, Vecellio L. In vitro performance of spacers for aerosol delivery during adult mechanical ventilation. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2015 Apr;28(2):130-6. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2013.1091. Epub 2014 Jul 22.
• Results McKindley DS, Boucher BA, Hess MM, Croce MA, Fabian TC. Pharmacokinetics of aztreonam and imipenem in critically ill patients with pneumonia. Pharmacotherapy. 1996 Sep-Oct;16(5):924-31.
• Results Rodriguez A, Cabrera M, Reyes LF, Bodi M, Trefler S, Canadell L, Barahona D, Ehrmann S, Martin-Loeches I, Restrepo MI, Vecellio L. In vitro evaluation of aerosol delivery of aztreonam lysine (AZLI): an adult mechanical ventilation model. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2017 Dec;14(12):1447-1453. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1393411. Epub 2017 Oct 23.

Drugs

Indications