Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Plaque Study (ACAPS)

Summary

To determine whether warfarin or lovastatin alone or in combination retarded the progression of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries of high risk individuals with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Also, to determine if a full scale trial was feasible.

Timeline

Start

1988-05

Primary completion

—

Completion

1998-08

Publications

• Background Espeland MA, Craven TE, Riley WA, Corson J, Romont A, Furberg CD. Reliability of longitudinal ultrasonographic measurements of carotid intimal-medial thicknesses. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study Research Group. Stroke. 1996 Mar;27(3):480-5. doi: 10.1161/01.str.27.3.480.
• Background Rationale and design for the Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Plaque Study (ACAPS). The ACAPS Group. Control Clin Trials. 1992 Aug;13(4):293-314. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(92)90012-o.
• Background Espeland MA, Byington RP, Hire D, Davis VG, Hartwell T, Probstfield J. Analysis strategies for serial multivariate ultrasonographic data that are incomplete. Stat Med. 1992 Jun 15;11(8):1041-56. doi: 10.1002/sim.4780110806.
• Background Riley WA, Barnes RW, Applegate WB, Dempsey R, Hartwell T, Davis VG, Bond MG, Furberg CD. Reproducibility of noninvasive ultrasonic measurement of carotid atherosclerosis. The Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Plaque Study. Stroke. 1992 Aug;23(8):1062-8. doi: 10.1161/01.str.23.8.1062.
• Background Espeland MA, Hoen H, Byington R, Howard G, Riley WA, Furberg CD. Spatial distribution of carotid intimal-medial thickness as measured by B-mode ultrasonography. Stroke. 1994 Sep;25(9):1812-9. doi: 10.1161/01.str.25.9.1812.
• Background Furberg CD, Adams HP Jr, Applegate WB, Byington RP, Espeland MA, Hartwell T, Hunninghake DB, Lefkowitz DS, Probstfield J, Riley WA, et al. Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group. Circulation. 1994 Oct;90(4):1679-87. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.90.4.1679.
• Background Probstfield JL, Margitic SE, Byington RP, Espeland MA, Furberg CD. Results of the primary outcome measure and clinical events from the Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study. Am J Cardiol. 1995 Sep 28;76(9):47C-53C. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80470-6.
• Background Espeland MA, Applegate W, Furberg CD, Lefkowitz D, Rice L, Hunninghake D. Estrogen replacement therapy and progression of intimal-medial thickness in the carotid arteries of postmenopausal women. ACAPS Investigators. Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Progression Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Nov 15;142(10):1011-9. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117553.
• Background Riley WA, Craven T, Romont A, Furberg CD. Assessment of temporal bias in longitudinal measurements of carotid intimal-medial thickness in the Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS). ACAPS Research Group. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1996;22(4):405-11. doi: 10.1016/0301-5629(96)00027-0.
• Background Byington RP, Evans GW, Espeland MA, Applegate WB, Hunninghake DB, Probstfield J, Furberg CD. Effects of lovastatin and warfarin on early carotid atherosclerosis: sex-specific analyses. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group. Circulation. 1999 Jul 20;100(3):e14-7. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.100.3.e14.
• Clezar CN, Flumignan CD, Cassola N, Nakano LC, Trevisani VF, Flumignan RL. Pharmacological interventions for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Aug 4;8(8):CD013573. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013573.pub2.

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