Prophylaxis Against Tuberculosis (TB) in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Confirmed Latent Tuberculous Infection

Summary

To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of a 2-month regimen of rifampin and pyrazinamide versus a 1-year course of isoniazid (INH) to prevent the development of tuberculosis in patients who are coinfected with HIV and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb). Current guidelines recommend 6 to 12 months of treatment with INH for purified protein derivative (PPD)-positive individuals. Problems with this treatment include compliance, adverse reaction, and the possibility of not preventing disease due to INH-resistant organisms. Studies suggest that two or three months of rifampin and pyrazinamide may be more effective than longer courses of INH. A two-month prevention course should help to increase compliance. In addition, the use of two drugs (rifampin and pyrazinamide) may help overcome problems with drug resistance.

Timeline

Start

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Primary completion

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Completion

1997-10

Publications

• Background Gordin F, Matts J, Miller C, Chaisson R, Garcia M, O'Brien R. Risk factors for developing active tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected, PPD-positive (+) patients (pts). Conf Retroviruses Opportunistic Infect. 1999 Jan 31-Feb 4;6th:151 (abstract no 448)
• Background New TB guidelines for persons with HIV. AIDS Treat News. 1998 Nov 6;(No 306):6.
• Background Gordin F, Chaisson RE, Matts JP, Miller C, de Lourdes Garcia M, Hafner R, Valdespino JL, Coberly J, Schechter M, Klukowicz AJ, Barry MA, O'Brien RJ. Rifampin and pyrazinamide vs isoniazid for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons: an international randomized trial. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS, the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group, the Pan American Health Organization, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Study Group. JAMA. 2000 Mar 15;283(11):1445-50. doi: 10.1001/jama.283.11.1445.

Drugs

Indications