The Safety of Different Dose Levels of Zidovudine in HIV-Infected Children

Summary

To evaluate and compare differences in tolerance and side effects associated with two different dosages of zidovudine (AZT) when used to treat children with HIV infection. Other goals are to evaluate and compare the degree of change in neurodevelopmental disease and determine whether there are differences in the rate and degree of toxicities associated with one versus the other dosage. AZT has been shown to decrease the death rate and frequency of opportunistic infections in certain adult patients with symptomatic HIV infection. Thus, it is likely that symptomatic HIV infected children may also benefit from AZT. Studies of the safety and pharmacokinetics (blood levels) in children have indicated that AZT can be given to children in doses that can be tolerated and that can be assumed to be therapeutic. Those currently taking care of infected children no longer feel it is ethical to conduct an AZT/placebo (inactive substance) trial. In addition, given the information learned from studies of adult patients that shows effectiveness of AZT at lower doses, experience with an equivalent lower dose in children needs to be studied.

Timeline

Start

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Primary completion

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Completion

1994-12

Publications

• Background Lathey JL, Marschner IC, Kabat B, Spector SA. Deterioration of detectable human immunodeficiency virus serum p24 antigen in samples stored for batch testing. J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Mar;35(3):631-5. doi: 10.1128/jcm.35.3.631-635.1997.
• Background Fiscus SA, Welles SL, Spector SA, Lathey JL. Length of incubation time for human immunodeficiency virus cultures. J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Jan;33(1):246-7. doi: 10.1128/jcm.33.1.246-247.1995.
• Background Brady MT, McGrath N, Brouwers P, Gelber R, Fowler MG, Yogev R, Hutton N, Bryson YJ, Mitchell CD, Fikrig S, Borkowsky W, Jimenez E, McSherry G, Rubinstein A, Wilfert CM, McIntosh K, Elkins MM, Weintrub PS. Randomized study of the tolerance and efficacy of high- versus low-dose zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with mild to moderate symptoms (AIDS Clinical Trials Group 128). Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group. J Infect Dis. 1996 May;173(5):1097-106. doi: 10.1093/infdis/173.5.1097.
• Background Brady M, McGrath N, Brouwers P, Gelber R, Fowler M, Weintrub P. Controlled trial of tolerance and efficacy of zidovudine (ZDV) at standard and low dose in children (ACTG 128). The Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Int Conf AIDS. 1994 Aug 7-12;10(1):79 (abstract no 268B)
• Background Parent D, Ellner J, Hafner R, Williams M, Jacobs P, Hojczyk P. A phase II/III trial of Rifampin (RIF) Ciprofloxach (CIPRO), Clofazimine (CLOF), Ethambutol (ETH), +/- Amikacin (AK) in the treatment (RX) of Disseminated Mycobacterium avium (MA) infection in HIV-infected individuals (PTS). Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect (2nd). 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2:56
• Background Perrier M, Schwarz T, Gonzalez O, Brounts S. Squamous cell carcinoma invading the right temporomandibular joint in a Belgian mare. Can Vet J. 2010 Aug;51(8):885-7.

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