Treatment of SSRI-Resistant Depression In Adolescents (TORDIA)

Summary

The purpose of the study is to determine how best to treat adolescents with depression that is "resistant" to the first SSRI antidepressant they have tried. Participants receive one of three other antidepressant medications, either alone or in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy.

Timeline

Start

2001-01

Primary completion

2007-03

Completion

2007-03

Outcome

Met primary endpoint

paper showed a higher response rate (54.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 47%-62%) than a medication switch alone (40.5%; 95% CI, 33%-48%; P = .009) PMID 18314433 ↗

Publications

• Background Brent DA, Holder D, Kolko D, Birmaher B, Baugher M, Roth C, Iyengar S, Johnson BA. A clinical psychotherapy trial for adolescent depression comparing cognitive, family, and supportive therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 Sep;54(9):877-85. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830210125017.
• Background Emslie GJ, Rush AJ, Weinberg WA, Kowatch RA, Hughes CW, Carmody T, Rintelmann J. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in children and adolescents with depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 Nov;54(11):1031-7. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830230069010.
• Background Keller MB, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Klein RG, Strober M, Wagner KD, Weller EB: Paroxetine and imipramine in the treatment of adolescent depression. New Research Program Abstracts. Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association [123], 1998.
• Background Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Vitiello B, Clarke G, Keller M, Emslie GJ, Ryan N, Porta G, Iyengar S, Ritz L, Zelanzny J, Onorato M, Brent D. Out of the black box: treatment of resistant depression in adolescents and the antidepressant controversy. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2012 Feb;22(1):5-10. doi: 10.1089/cap.2011.0045. Epub 2012 Jan 17.
• Results Brent D, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Keller M, Vitiello B, Ritz L, Iyengar S, Abebe K, Birmaher B, Ryan N, Kennard B, Hughes C, DeBar L, McCracken J, Strober M, Suddath R, Spirito A, Leonard H, Melhem N, Porta G, Onorato M, Zelazny J. Switching to another SSRI or to venlafaxine with or without cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with SSRI-resistant depression: the TORDIA randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008 Feb 27;299(8):901-913. doi: 10.1001/jama.299.8.901.
• Results Brent DA, Emslie GJ, Clarke GN, Asarnow J, Spirito A, Ritz L, Vitiello B, Iyengar S, Birmaher B, Ryan ND, Zelazny J, Onorato M, Kennard B, Mayes TL, Debar LL, McCracken JT, Strober M, Suddath R, Leonard H, Porta G, Keller MB. Predictors of spontaneous and systematically assessed suicidal adverse events in the treatment of SSRI-resistant depression in adolescents (TORDIA) study. Am J Psychiatry. 2009 Apr;166(4):418-26. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08070976. Epub 2009 Feb 17.
• Results Asarnow JR, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Spirito A, Vitiello B, Iyengar S, Shamseddeen W, Ritz L, Birmaher B, Ryan N, Kennard B, Mayes T, DeBar L, McCracken J, Strober M, Suddath R, Leonard H, Porta G, Keller M, Brent D. Treatment of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant depression in adolescents: predictors and moderators of treatment response. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009 Mar;48(3):330-339. doi: 10.1097/chi.0b013e3181977476.
• Results Goldstein BI, Shamseddeen W, Spirito A, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Vitiello B, Ryan N, Birmaher B, Mayes T, Onorato M, Zelazny J, Brent DA. Substance use and the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009 Dec;48(12):1182-92. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181bef6e8.
• Results Spirito A, Abebe KZ, Iyengar S, Brent D, Vitiello B, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow J, Emslie G, Keller M. Sources of site differences in the efficacy of a multisite clinical trial: the Treatment of SSRI-Resistant Depression in Adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 Jun;77(3):439-50. doi: 10.1037/a0014834.
• Results Kennard BD, Clarke GN, Weersing VR, Asarnow JR, Shamseddeen W, Porta G, Berk M, Hughes JL, Spirito A, Emslie GJ, Keller MB, Wagner KD, Brent DA. Effective components of TORDIA cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent depression: preliminary findings. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 Dec;77(6):1033-41. doi: 10.1037/a0017411.
• Results Brent D, Melhem N, Ferrell R, Emslie G, Wagner KD, Ryan N, Vitiello B, Birmaher B, Mayes T, Zelazny J, Onorato M, Devlin B, Clarke G, DeBar L, Keller M. Association of FKBP5 polymorphisms with suicidal events in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) study. Am J Psychiatry. 2010 Feb;167(2):190-7. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09040576. Epub 2009 Dec 15.
• Results Emslie GJ, Mayes T, Porta G, Vitiello B, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Spirito A, Birmaher B, Ryan N, Kennard B, DeBar L, McCracken J, Strober M, Onorato M, Zelazny J, Keller M, Iyengar S, Brent D. Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA): week 24 outcomes. Am J Psychiatry. 2010 Jul;167(7):782-91. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09040552. Epub 2010 May 17.
• Results Asarnow JR, Porta G, Spirito A, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Vitiello B, Keller M, Birmaher B, McCracken J, Mayes T, Berk M, Brent DA. Suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents: findings from the TORDIA study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Aug;50(8):772-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.04.003. Epub 2011 Jun 11.
• Results Sakolsky DJ, Perel JM, Emslie GJ, Clarke GN, Wagner KD, Vitiello B, Keller MB, Birmaher B, Asarnow JR, Ryan ND, McCracken JT, Strober MJ, Iyengar S, Porta G, Brent DA. Antidepressant exposure as a predictor of clinical outcomes in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011 Feb;31(1):92-7. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e318204b117.
• Results Shamseddeen W, Asarnow JR, Clarke G, Vitiello B, Wagner KD, Birmaher B, Keller MB, Emslie G, Iyengar S, Ryan ND, McCracken JT, Porta G, Mayes T, Brent DA. Impact of physical and sexual abuse on treatment response in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescent Study (TORDIA). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Mar;50(3):293-301. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.11.019. Epub 2011 Jan 14.
• Results Vitiello B, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Keller MB, Birmaher B, Ryan ND, Kennard B, Mayes TL, DeBar L, Lynch F, Dickerson J, Strober M, Suddath R, McCracken JT, Spirito A, Onorato M, Zelazny J, Porta G, Iyengar S, Brent DA. Long-term outcome of adolescent depression initially resistant to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment: a follow-up study of the TORDIA sample. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Mar;72(3):388-96. doi: 10.4088/JCP.09m05885blu.
• Results Woldu H, Porta G, Goldstein T, Sakolsky D, Perel J, Emslie G, Mayes T, Clarke G, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Keller MB, Brent D. Pharmacokinetically and clinician-determined adherence to an antidepressant regimen and clinical outcome in the TORDIA trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 May;50(5):490-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.01.018. Epub 2011 Mar 9.
• Results Maalouf FT, Porta G, Vitiello B, Emslie G, Mayes T, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Spirito A, Keller M, Birmaher B, Ryan N, Shamseddeen W, Iyengar S, Brent D. Do sub-syndromal manic symptoms influence outcome in treatment resistant depression in adolescents? A latent class analysis from the TORDIA study. J Affect Disord. 2012 Apr;138(1-2):86-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.021. Epub 2012 Jan 30.
• Results Lynch FL, Dickerson JF, Clarke G, Vitiello B, Porta G, Wagner KD, Emslie G, Asarnow JR Jr, Keller MB, Birmaher B, Ryan ND, Kennard B, Mayes T, DeBar L, McCracken JT, Strober M, Suddath RL, Spirito A, Onorato M, Zelazny J, Iyengar S, Brent D. Incremental cost-effectiveness of combined therapy vs medication only for youth with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant depression: treatment of SSRI-resistant depression in adolescents trial findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011 Mar;68(3):253-62. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.9.
• Results Shamseddeen W, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Emslie G, Asarnow JR, Porta G, Mayes T, Keller MB, Brent DA. Treatment-resistant depressed youth show a higher response rate if treatment ends during summer school break. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Nov;50(11):1140-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.07.022. Epub 2011 Sep 9.
• Results Shamseddeen W, Clarke G, Keller MB, Wagner KD, Birmaher B, Emslie GJ, Ryan N, Asarnow JR, Porta G, Brent DA. Adjunctive sleep medications and depression outcome in the treatment of serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor resistant depression in adolescents study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2012 Feb;22(1):29-36. doi: 10.1089/cap.2011.0027. Epub 2012 Jan 17.
• Results McMakin DL, Olino TM, Porta G, Dietz LJ, Emslie G, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Asarnow JR, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Shamseddeen W, Mayes T, Kennard B, Spirito A, Keller M, Lynch FL, Dickerson JF, Brent DA. Anhedonia predicts poorer recovery among youth with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment-resistant depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Apr;51(4):404-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.01.011. Epub 2012 Mar 3.
• Results Rengasamy M, Mansoor BM, Hilton R, Porta G, He J, Emslie GJ, Mayes T, Clarke GN, Wagner KD, Keller MB, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Shamseddeen W, Asarnow JR, Brent DA. The bi-directional relationship between parent-child conflict and treatment outcome in treatment-resistant adolescent depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013 Apr;52(4):370-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.01.012.
• Results Hilton RC, Rengasamy M, Mansoor B, He J, Mayes T, Emslie GJ, Porta G, Clarke GN, Wagner KD, Birmaher B, Keller MB, Ryan N, Shamseddeen W, Asarnow JR, Brent DA. Impact of treatments for depression on comorbid anxiety, attentional, and behavioral symptoms in adolescents with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013 May;52(5):482-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.02.013. Epub 2013 Apr 4.
• Results Mansoor B, Rengasamy M, Hilton R, Porta G, He J, Spirito A, Emslie GJ, Mayes TL, Clarke G, Wagner KD, Shamseddeen W, Birmaher B, Ryan N, Brent D. The bidirectional relationship between body mass index and treatment outcome in adolescents with treatment-resistant depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2013 Sep;23(7):458-67. doi: 10.1089/cap.2012.0095. Epub 2013 Sep 11.
• Perloe A, Esposito-Smythers C, Curby TW, Renshaw KD. Concurrent trajectories of change in adolescent and maternal depressive symptoms in the TORDIA study. J Youth Adolesc. 2014 Apr;43(4):612-28. doi: 10.1007/s10964-013-9999-0. Epub 2013 Aug 22.

Drugs

Indications